Impact of cotton planting date and nitrogen fertilization on Bemisia argentifolii populations

The silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring) is a widely distributed pest of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and the population levels may be affected by rates of nitrogen fertilization and planting date. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of cotton planting date and nitrogen fertilization on silverleaf whitefly population dynamics. Cotton was planted on 26 April and 8 June, for the early and late plantings, respectively. Nitrogen treatments consisted of soil applications of 0, 112, 168 and 224 kg of nitrogen per hectare. The population levels of adult whiteflies were much higher on early-planted cotton than on late planting. Also, increased numbers of adult whiteflies on both early and late plantings occurred with increasing amounts of applied nitrogen.Applied nitrogen increased seed cotton yields of early plantings but had no effect on the yields of late plantings.     

淮南地区粉螨群落结构及其多样性

在淮南地区仓储、人居、工作、野外4类生境中采集粉螨样本,行分离、镜检,共检获粉螨3 650头,隶属于7科20属,共32种。结果表明,其物种数S、丰富度指数R、多样性指数H′排序均为仓储环境>野外环境>人居环境>工作环境,野外环境中粉螨群落的均匀度指数最大,工作环境中粉螨的优势度指数最大。工作和野外环境的群落相似性指数最低,达到极度不相似水平。结果表明,粉螨群落的结构及多样性与其生境条件直接相关,人类活动是较为重要的影响因素。     

烟粉虱对几种常见蔬菜寄主的取食选择性

在多种蔬菜寄主同时存在的情况下,烟粉虱对寄主的选择性和嗜好性排序为:黄瓜>节瓜,番茄,菜豆>芥蓝,茄子>甘蓝,苦瓜。     

粽管巢蛛和拟水狼蛛对稻纵卷叶螟和稻褐飞虱捕食作用研究

应用二次正交旋转组合设计方法建立粽管巢蛛和拟水狼蛛对稻纵卷叶螟和稻褐飞虱捕食作用的数学模型。结果表明,粽管巢蛛是稻纵卷叶螟的重要天敌,粽管巢蛛和拟水狼蛛均是稻褐飞虱的重要天敌。当稻褐飞虱密度较高时,随着蜘蛛密度的增加,由于蜘蛛之间的干扰作用,导致稻褐飞虱被捕食量下降。     

绿盖粉孢牛肝菌中一个新的甾体糖苷

从绿盖粉孢牛肝菌（Tylopilus virens）中分离得到一个新的麦角甾烷型甾体糖苷,其化学结构通过波谱学方法鉴定为：（22E,24R）-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-5α,6β-二醇-3β-O-[3-（3-苯基丙酰氧基）]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷,命名为tylopiloside（1）,同时,其苷元cerevisterol（2）也从该菌中分离得到。值得注意的是,这种糖片段上有芳环取代的烷酰氧基基团的麦角甾烷型甾体糖苷为真菌中首次报道。     

中国南宁和越南褐飞虱不同地理种群比较

比较了我国南宁、越南河内、河静、顺化、胡志明市、九龙江6个褐飞虱地理种群的差异.结果表明:南宁、河内、河静、顺化的褐飞虱种群能致害含Bph1和bph2抗虫基因的水稻品种,而越南胡志明市、九龙江褐飞虱种群的致害能力更强,对含Bph1、bph2、Bph3、bph4抗虫基因的水稻品种均表现为致害或强致害;南宁、河内、河静、顺化褐飞虱若虫在水稻品种TN1、Mudgo、ASD7上的存活率均在52％以上,在Rathu Heenati、Babawee、Ptb33上的存活率均低于44％;胡志明市、九龙江褐飞虱若虫除了在Rathu Heenati上的存活率低于50％外,在其他品种上的存活率都在50％以上.南宁、河内、顺化褐飞虱若虫在TN1、Mudgo、ASD7上的发育历期显著短于在Rathu Heenati、Babawee、Ptb33上的发育历期;河静褐飞虱若虫在TN1、Mudgo、ASD7上的发育历期与在Rathu Heenati、Ptb33上的发育历期差异不显著.胡志明市褐飞虱若虫在TN1、ASD7上的发育历期显著短于在Rathu Heenati、Babawee、Ptb33上的发育历期;九龙江褐飞虱若虫在TN1、Mudgo、ASD7、Rathu Heenati、Babawee、Ptb33上的发育历期差异不显著.选择性试验表明,接虫192 h后,南宁、河内褐飞虱若虫在Rathu Heenati、Babawee、Ptb33上的虫口密度显著低于在TN1、Mudgo和ASD7上的虫口密度;河静褐飞虱若虫在Babawee上的虫口密度显著低于在TN1、Mudgo上的虫口密度;顺化、胡志明市褐飞虱若虫在Babawee上的虫口密度显著低于在TN1、Mudgo、ASD7、Rathu Heenati上的虫口密度;九龙江褐飞虱若虫在Babawee、Ptb33上的虫口密度显著低于在TN1、ASD7上的虫口密度.本研究发现,我国南宁褐飞虱田间种群与越南河内、顺化、河静(属于越南中部及北部地区)的褐飞虱田间种群致害性相似,从而为“越南中北部是褐飞虱迁入我国的虫源地”提供了新的证据.     

Genome-wide analysis of Nilaparvata lugens nymphal responses to high-density and low-quality rice hosts

The brown planthopper （BPH） Nilaparvata lugens is an economically impor- tant pest on rice plants. In this study, the higher population density and yellow-ripe stage of rice plants were used to construct adverse survival conditions （ASC） against BPH nymphs. Simultaneously, the low population density and tillering stage of rice plants were used to establish a suitable survival condition （SSC） as a control. Solexa/Illumina sequencing was used to identify genes of BPH nymphs responding to ASC. Significantly longer duration development of BPH nymphs and significantly lower brachypterous ratio of BPH adults were observed by ASC compared with SSC. A total of 2 544 differentially expressed genes （DEGs） were obtained and analyzed by BLASTx, Gene Ontology and KEGG Orthology. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the DEGs were mainly involved in categories of cell, cell part, cellular process, binding, catalytic, organelle and metabolic processes. 1138 DEGs having enzyme commission numbers were assigned to different metabolic pathways. The largest clusters were neurodegenerative diseases （137, 12.0%）, followed by carbohy- drate metabolism （113, 9.9%）, amino acid metabolism （94, 8.3%）, nucleotide metabolism （76, 6.7%）, energy metabolism （64, 5.6%）, translation （60, 5.3%）, lipid metabolism （58, 5.1%）, and folding, sorting and degradation （52, 4.6%）. Expressing profile of 11 DEGs during eight nymphal developmental stages of BPH were analyzed by quantitative real- time polymerase chain reaction. The 11 genes exhibited differential expression between ASC and SSC during at least one developmental stage. The DEGs identified in this study provide molecular proof of how BPH reconfigures its gene expression profile to adapt to overcrowding and low-quality hosts.     

食品级惰性粉对三种储藏物害虫生长发育的影响

应用粉剂药膜法,一种食品级惰性粉——4号粉相应剂量处理赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum(Herbst)、烟草甲Lasioderma serricorne(Fabricius)、锯谷盗Oryzaephilus surinamensis(Linnaeus)的卵和1龄幼虫,赤拟谷盗、锯谷盗、烟草甲的卵平均孵化率均在97%以上,处理后卵孵化的1龄幼虫平均死亡率均在96%以上;处理3种害虫的1龄幼虫其平均死亡率均在99%以上。结果表明食品级惰性粉对3种试虫卵的孵化率几乎没有影响,但对其1龄幼虫有较好的防治效果。通过混粮法应用正交试验研究发现,惰性粉剂量和小麦含水量对赤拟谷盗F1代防治效果均有显著影响。当小麦处于安全水分时(含水量12%¹4%),10014%),100¹50 mg/kg 4号粉能有效防治赤拟谷盗F1代。     

粉虱和蓟马类害虫的抗药性监测方法

粉虱和蓟马类害虫是我国经济作物上的主要害虫,为害呈逐年加重趋势,其抗药性也是生产中的主要问题。抗药性水平监测是害虫抗性早期预警和治理的基础,了解害虫抗药性水平须建立一套准确易于操作的监测方法。分别针对粉虱成虫和蓟马的琼脂保湿浸叶法和叶管药膜法的最大特点是快速、便于操作,接虫前的准备工作可以提前1² d完成,可监测当代试虫的抗性水平,结果更接近于田间实际,适合在粉虱和蓟马抗性监测中推广使用。     

单季稻小麦轮作区灰飞虱发生规律

为了明确单季稻-小麦轮作区灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus Fallén的发生规律,采用灯诱法、盘拍法、盘刮法、黄盘诱集法对灰飞虱周年发生,特别是在寄主转移时的消长规律进行了系统研究。结果表明:灰飞虱主要在适宜藏匿的场所越冬,其中常规耕翻田主要在田边田头的禾本科枯死杂草或其它密生植物、稻套麦田主要在田中稻残桩中,灰飞虱的越冬效率为50%⁶0%。稻套麦田灰飞虱夏冬寄主间的转移效率约为10%是常规耕翻麦田的20倍,其冬后基数分别是机械浅旋耕和常规耕翻田的35倍和77倍。灰飞虱周年只有一个迁移扩散高峰期,与小麦收割时间基本吻合。移栽后水稻上灰飞虱数量锐减,大田前期灰飞虱主要来源于秧苗带入的未孵化卵块。通过比较发现稻套麦优化了灰飞虱的越冬环境,是近年来灰飞虱大发生及其传播的水稻病毒病大流行的主要原因。根据上述研究结果提出了压低灰飞虱越冬基数是灰飞虱水稻病毒病能够得以有效控制的前提这一新观点。