追溯山茱萸科植物的性状进化和生物地理学历史——方法选择的影响?

This study compares results on reconstructing the ancestral state of characters and ancestral areas of distribution in Cornaceae to gain insights into the impact of using different analytical methods. Ancestral character state reconstructions were compared among three methods (parsimony, maximum likelihood, and stochastic character mapping) using MESQUITE and a full Bayesian method in BAYESTRAITS and inferences of ancestral area distribution were compared between the parsimony-based dispersal-vicariance analysis (DIVA) and a newly developed maximum likelihood (ML) method. Results indicated that among the six inflorescence and fruit characters examined, "perfect" binary characters (no homoplasy, no polymorphism within terminals, and no missing data) are little affected by choice of method, while homoplasious characters and missing data are sensitive to methods used. Ancestral areas at deep nodes of the phylogeny are substantially different between DIVA and ML and strikingly different between analyses including and excluding fossils at three deepest nodes. These results, while raising caution in making conclusions on trait evolution and historical biogeography using conventional methods, demonstrate a limitation in our current understanding of character evolution and biogeography. The biogeographic history favored by the ML analyses including fossils suggested the origin and early radiation of Cornus likely occurred in the late Cretaceous and earliest Tertiary in Europe and intercontinental disjunctions in three lineages involved movements across the North Atlantic Land Bridge (BLB) in the early and mid Tertiary. This result is congruent with the role of NALB for post-Eocene migration and in connecting tropical floras in North America and Africa, and in eastern Asia and South America. However, alternative hypotheses with an origin in eastern Asia and early Trans-Beringia migrations of the genus cannot be ruled out.     

测定二氧化碳浓度的注射法

红外线二氧化碳分析仪是测定植物光合作用和呼吸作用或其所处环境中二氧化碳浓度的常用仪器。测定过程中的气流通过分析仪时，需要一定的平衡时间才能得到一个稳定的读数，要想测出只有几十毫升的气体中的二氧化碳浓度变化非常困难。为此，我们参照Qop等人［‘］的方法，对测定     

封面植物简介——丽江杓兰(英文)

Cypripediumlichiangense S.C.Chen & P.J.Cribb (Orchidaceae),endemic to China,is an endangered species according to I UCN Red List criteria (IUCN,2001:I UCN Red List Categories and Criteria,Version     

编辑部版权页声明

<正>本刊已加入中国学术期刊(光盘版),可在中国知网及其系列数据库产品中以数字化信息网络传播本刊全文。著作权使用费本刊稿酬已支付。作者除提出申明外,所有在本刊发表的文章即视为同意我编辑部的上述声明。     

甘薯杂交胚发育过程中的一些生理变化

杂交育种仍是目前甘薯（Ipomoeabatatas）育种的主要手段，而品种间不亲和性的大小和杂交结实率低是制约甘薯杂交育种效果的两个主要因素［”］。迄今已知甘薯存在着15个不同的杂交不亲和群，同群品种间杂交不结实或结实率极低（0％～5％），而异群品种间杂交给实率较高（20％～50％）［‘j。对于杂交结实率低的原因和解决途径，只有少量基干解剖学的观察［”‘’1和利用嫁接、植物生长调节剂提高结实率的报道＊－”。在生理基础方面的研究则未见报道。为此我们选择甘薯高自1号X88－3这一杂交组合（结实率为13．3士l．8％），在8月份的每天…     

元谋干热河谷植被的类型研究 Ⅱ.群丛以下单位

本文用法瑞植物社会学学派的方法,并经主分量分析验证,对元谋干热河谷的植被进行了重点在群丛及其以下单位的系统分类研究。结果得到9个群丛以及各群丛之下的6个亚群丛、3个群丛变型和两个群丛相的一套系统单位。     

“顶端优势”原理在生产实践中的应用与思考

<正>在新课标人教版高中生物必修3第三章《植物的激素调节》中,以顶端优势为例,说明植物激素之一——生长素对植物生长有两重性——既能促进生长,又能抑制生长。典型体现在植物的"顶端优势"上。顶芽产生生长素由于极性运输从而造成侧芽生长素积累,结果导致顶芽生长快,侧芽生长受到抑制。这在农业生产上对一些农作