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11.
José Rodrigues Coura Pedro Albajar Vi?as Lucia Maria Brum-Soares Andréa Silvestre de Sousa Sérgio Salles Xavier 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2013,108(8):1009-1013
A case-control study on the morbidity of Chagas heart disease was carried out in the
municipality of Barcelos in the microregion of the Rio Negro, state of Amazonas. One
hundred and six individuals, who were serologically positive for Trypanosoma
cruzi infection, as confirmed by at least two techniques with different
principles, were matched according to age and sex with an equal number of
seronegative individuals. The cases and controls were evaluated using an
epidemiological questionnaire and clinical, electrocardiograph and echocardiograph
examinations. In the seroepidemiological evaluation, 62% of the interviewees
recognised triatomines and most of them confirmed that they had seen these insects in
the piassava plantations of the riverside communities of the Negro River tributaries.
Of the seropositive patients, 25.8% affirmed that they had been stung by the
triatomines and 11.7% denied having been stung. The principal clinical manifestations
of the seropositive individuals were palpitations, chest pain and dyspnoea upon
effort. Cardiac auscultation revealed extrasystoles, bradycardia and systolic
murmurs. The electrocardiographic alterations were ventricular extrasystoles, left
and right bundle branch block, atrioventricular block and primary T wave alterations.
The echocardiogram was altered in 22.6% of the seropositive individuals and in 8.5%
of the seronegative individuals. 相似文献
12.
Ingrid Melle 《World psychiatry》2013,12(1):16-21
In the afternoon of July 22, 2011, Norwegian Anders Behring Breivik killed 77 persons, many of them children and youths, in two separate events. On August 24, 2012, he was sentenced to 21 years in prison. Breivik went through two forensic evaluations: the first concluded that he had a psychotic disorder, thus being legally unaccountable, whereas the second concluded that he had a personality disorder, thus being legally accountable. This article first describes Breivik's background and his crimes. This is followed by an overview of the two forensic evaluations, their methods, contents and disagreements, and how these issues were handled by the court in the verdict. Finally, the article focuses on some lessons psychiatrists can take from the case. 相似文献
13.
Sarah J. Gerssen‐Gondelach Birka Wicke Magdalena Borzęcka‐Walker Rafał Pudełko Andre P. C. Faaij 《Global Change Biology Bioenergy》2016,8(5):909-924
Increasing production of biofuels has led to concerns about indirect land‐use change (ILUC). So far, significant efforts have been made to assess potential ILUC effects. But limited attention has been paid to strategies for reducing the extent of ILUC and controlling the type of LUC. This case study assesses five key ILUC mitigation measures to quantify the low‐ILUC‐risk production potential of miscanthus‐based bioethanol in Lublin province (Poland) in 2020. In 2020, a total area of 196 to 818 thousand hectare of agricultural land could be made available for biomass production by realizing above‐baseline yield developments (95–413 thousand ha), increased food chain efficiencies (9–30 thousand ha) and biofuel feedstock production on underutilized lands (92–375 thousand ha). However, a maximum 203–269 thousand hectare is considered legally available (not protected) and biophysically suitable for miscanthus production. The resulting low‐ILUC‐risk bioethanol production potential ranges from 12 to 35 PJ per year. The potential from this region alone is higher than the national Polish target for second‐generation bioethanol consumption of 9 PJ in 2020. Although the sustainable implementation potential may be lower, the province of Lublin could play a key role in achieving this target. This study shows that the mitigation or prevention of ILUC from bioenergy is only possible when an integrated perspective is adopted on the agricultural and bioenergy sectors. Governance and policies on planning and implementing ILUC mitigation are considered vital for realizing a significant bioenergy potential with low ILUC risk. One important aspect in this regard is monitoring the risk of ILUC and the implementation of ILUC mitigation measures. Key parameters for monitoring are land use, land cover and crop yields. 相似文献
14.
15.
工程教育是我国高等教育的重要组成部分,随着新工科人才培养内涵的不断深化,全方位开展课程改革,提高工科人才培养质量正当其时。为了突出新工科人才培养的特色,专业课和实习实践类课程正在成为课程教学改革的重点。但是,在专业基础课中如何突出工科特色人才培养的实践亟待探索。本文以生物化学课程为例,采用问题引导式教学方法,选择合适的教学案例,从科学与技术问题出发探索教学设计,引导学生凝练问题、分析问题并解决问题。实现引导学生从“被动式”到“主动式”学习的转变,提升学生思辨能力的同时,突出科学与技术的工程化应用,并为持续甚至终生学习奠定基础,为新工科背景下应用型人才培养提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
16.
17.
To emerge from the egg case, Argiope aurantia spiderlings must penetrate a tightly woven outer cover composed primarily of large-diameter cylindrical gland fibers and small-diameter fibers, likely of aciniform gland origin. They accomplish this using enzymatic digestion and mastication to form a communal hole in the outer cover. The involvement of proteolytic enzymes in this process was demonstrated by zymography of spiderling homogenates and washes made from the edges of holes. The specific source(s) of the proteases is unknown, but histological examination of spiderling sections indicates that the digestive tract, venom glands, and gnathocoxal glands are all functioning at the time of emergence from the egg case. Observations on edges of holes indicate that spiderlings are able to solubilize the small-diameter fibers completely, but cylindrical gland fibers only partially. In the outer cover, cylindrical fibers are composed of numerous fibrils embedded within a matrix. Spiderlings appear to be unable to solubilize the fibrils, but digestion of the matrix allows the spiderlings to push the fibrils aside to create the opening. 相似文献
18.
19.
Wulf-Peter?SchmidtEmail author 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2003,8(3):167-174
Background In developing products various requirements have to be integrated including functionality, quality, affordability as well
as environmental aspects. Often conflicting requirements have to be fulfilled. Therefore, multi-dimensional decision support
approaches are necessary.
Methods Here, one approach is to relate the conflicting requirements to each other. Life Cycle Costing (LCC) has the potential to
support the trade-off between some environmental targets and overall affordability targets by including all monetary flows
along the product life cycle (going beyond the well-known costs of ownership by integrating also long-term use and end-of-life
costs). Those solutions can be identified that (a) have the highest efficiencies (where do we get most environmental improvements
per Ϊ and (b) have the highest affordability for the customer along the life cycle. Furthermore, on-costs in the design phase
can be justified in terms of future savings either for the customer or for the recycling of the products. These represent
real business cases for environmental actions. Three types of environmental business cases can be differentiated.
Results and Discussion This paper presents various examples where LCC is integrated into product design. However, there are a number of open issues
in the implementation of LCC within real product development including data availability and uncertainty (future costs/ savings),
level of discounting, accounting and compensation. Various internal case studies done in the last years showed that already
few changes in the costs structure can significantly affect the identi-fied future costs.
Recommendation and Outlook Uncertainties in LCC are higher than in LCA and highest when applied in the stage of product develop-ment, i.e. used to support
DfE action. As a consequence, the result-ing figures can only be seen as directional. Therefore, the use of LCC in Design
for Environment cannot be recommended without major restrictions in terms of guidance, experience/training. The link-age between
LCC and DfE can either be established via (1) experts supporting design teams or (2) as part of a DfE tool. The DfE tool has
to include detailed guidance for interpretation, and its application should be based on a solid training for DfE engineers. 相似文献
20.
LCA of concrete and steel building frames 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Asa Jonsson Thomas Bjorklund Anne -Marie Tillman 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》1998,3(4):216-224
The effects on the external environment of seven concrete and steel building frames representative of present-day building
technology in Sweden were analysed using LCA methodology. Objects of the study included frame construction and supplementary
materials. Several-storey offices and dwellings were studied. The functional unit was defined as one average m2 of floor area during the lifetime of the building. Inventory data were elaborated for concrete and steel production, the
building site, service life, demolition and final disposal. Parameters included were raw material use, energy use, emissions
to air, emissions to water and waste generation. The inventory results were presented and evaluated as such, in addition to
an interpretation by using three quantitative impact assessment methods. Parameters that weighed heavily were use of fossil
fuels, CO2, electricity, SOx
2 NOx
2 alloy materials and waste, depending on what assessment method was used. Over the life cycle, building production from cradle
to gate accounted for about the same contribution to total environmental loads as maintenance and replacement of heat losses
through external walls during service life, whereas demolition and final disposal accounted for a considerably lower contribution. 相似文献