Standard karyotypes ofAegilops uniaristata,Ae. mutica,Ae. comosa subspeciescomosa andheldreichii (Poaceae)

C-banding patterns and polymorphisms were analyzed in several accessions of the diploidAegilops speciesAe. uniaristata, Ae. mutica, andAe. comosa subsp.comosa and subsp.heldreichii, and standard karyotypes of these species were established. Variation in C-band size and location was observed between different accessions, but did not prevent chromosome identification. One accession ofAe. uniaristata was homozygous for whole-arm translocations involving chromosomes 1N and 5N. The homoeologous relationships of these chromosomes were established by comparison of chromosome morphologies and C-banding patterns to other diploidAegilops species with known chromosome homoeology. In addition, in situ hybridization analysis with a 5S rDNA probe was used to identify homoeologous groups 1 and 5 chromosomes. The present analysis permitted the assignment of allAe. mutica, comosa subsp.comosa, andAe. comosa subsp.heldreichii chromosomes, and three of the sevenAe. uniaristata chromosomes according to their homoeologous groups. The data presented will be useful analyzing genome differentiation in polyploidAegilops species.     

Filarial susceptibility and effects of Wolbachia in Aedes pseudoscutellaris mosquitoes

The mosquito Aedes pseudoscutellaris (Theobald), a member of the Aedes (Stegomyia) scutellaris complex (Diptera: Culicidae), is an important vector of subperiodic Wuchereria bancrofti (Cobbold) (Spirurida: Onchocercidae), causing human lymphatic filariasis, on South Pacific islands. Maternal inheritance of filarial susceptibility in the complex has previously been asserted, and larval tetracycline treatment reduced susceptibility; the maternally inherited Wolbachia in these mosquitoes were suggested to be responsible. To investigate the relationship of these two factors, we eliminated Wolbachia from a strain of Ae. pseudoscutellaris by tetracycline treatment, and tested filarial susceptibility of the adult female mosquitoes using Brugia pahangi (Edeson & Buckley). Filarial susceptibility was not significantly different in Wolbachia-free and infected lines of Ae. pseudoscutellaris, suggesting that the Wolbachia in these mosquitoes do not influence vector competence. Crosses between Wolbachia-infected males and uninfected females of Ae. pseudoscutellaris showed cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), i.e. no eggs hatched, unaffected by larval crowding or restricted nutrient availability, whereas these factors are known to affect CI in Drosophila simulans. Reciprocal crosses between Ae. pseudoscutellaris and Ae. katherinensis Woodhill produced no progeny, even when both parents were Wolbachia-free, suggesting that nuclear factors are responsible for this interspecific sterility.     

Evaluation of biological and chemical insecticide mixture against Aedes aegypti larvae and adults by thermal fogging in Singapore

To improve the operational efficiency of dengue vector control in Singapore, larvicide and adulticide were applied together by thermal fog generator (Agrofog AF40). The mixture consisted of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Vectobac 12 AS) as biological larvicide at 1.5 L/ha and pirimiphos-methyl (Actellic 50 EC) as adulticide at 100 g ai/ha, diluted 10-fold with water. Aerosol of this mixture was evaluated against the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) in bioassays using cages of 10 adult females exposed at heights of 0.3-2.4 m and distances of 3-12 m from the hand-held generator. Cups containing 200 mL water were treated at ground level by exposure to the aerosol application at the same distances from the generator. Subsequent larval bioassays on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 post-spray involved exposing 20 larvae/cup for 48 h. Droplets had VMD 57 microm and female mosquitoes were killed by 2 s exposure to the aerosol at 3 m. We obtained 92-100% mortality of the adult mosquitoes and 100% control of larvae at 3 m distance, but only 10-13% mortality at 12 m from the fogger. In treated cups, larvae showed high mortality (92%) when exposed for 48 h even 1 month post-treatment. Results demonstrate the practical advantage of using this mixture of Vectobac 12AS and Actellic 50 EC for simultaneous control of Aedes adults and larvae, with prolonged larvicidal efficacy in treated containers.     

硬粒小麦-粗山羊草双二倍体白粉病抗性的遗传分析与基因推导

对99份硬粒小麦-粗山羊双二倍体用北京地区流行的5号白粉菌生理小种进行了白粉病抗性鉴定,筛选出11个苗期抗病的双二倍体材料和2个全生育期抗病的材料M53和M81。对M53和M81及其硬粒小麦和粗山羊草亲本进行的抗白粉病鉴定结果表明,其抗性来源于粗山羊草。与M53和M81具有相同硬粒小麦亲本、不同粗山羊草亲本双二倍体的抗性结果也表明抗性基因来源于粗山羊草。对M53和M81的抗性遗传分析表明,它们均携带1个单显性抗病基因。用14个白粉菌生理小种对已知抗病基因品系与M53和M81两份待测材料进行接种鉴定,结果表明,M53和M81与已知基因的抗菌谱均不相同,M53与M81的抗菌谱也不相同,说明M53和M81各自分别携带1个新的显性抗白粉病基因。     

山羊草Aegilops kotschyi及其供体种Ae.longissima和Ae.umbellulata的醇溶蛋白研究

采用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(APAGE)法对11份A担心Aegilops kotschyi及其S^1染色体组供体种Ae.longissima2份和U染色体组供体种Ae.umbellulata6份进行了醇溶蛋白位点的研究。结果表明：11份Ae.kotschyi共分离出32条带,31条具有多态性,占96．88％,每份材料可以分离出10-17条谱带,其中仅1条(3．12％)是共有带;11份Ae.kotschyi的遗传距离的变异范围在0-0.704之间,平均为0．409;11份Ae.kotschyi分离出的多数醇溶蛋白谱带均与其染色体组供体种Ae.longissi-ma及Ae.umbellulata相同,但仍有8条谱带未在两供体种中找到;11份Ae.kotschyi的醇溶蛋白多态性(96．88％)明显高于Ae.longissima(52．94％)与Ae.umbellulata(88．89％)11份Ae.kotschyi中有4份表现出了一定的特征带,分析知可能在γ区发生了较大的变异。     

二角型小麦雄性不育系育性恢复性的研究

以5个同质异核二角型小麦雄性不育系ms(bicor-8222,ms(bicor)-83(37)65,ms(bicor)-偃师9号,ms(bicor)-80(6)及ms(bicor)-90-110为基本材料,与一批优良小麦品种（系）及部分亲本材料为父本进行测交,获得211个组合,考察其F1育性,结果表明;（1）5个同质异核不育系,除二角型非1B/1R不育系ms(bicor)-90-110与二角型1B/1R不育系ms(bicor)-83(37)65,ms(bicor)-偃师9号之间平均恢复度差异显著外,4个1B/1R不育系之间平均结实率差异不显著;（2）对同一不育系而言,与不同恢复系测交,其恢复度呈现连续变异;（3）同型非1B/1R不育系较1B/1R不育系恢复度普遍高;（4）对同一恢复系而言,各不育系测交F1的恢复度差异显著。     

带有Ae.triuncialis抗白粉病基因的普通小麦-Ae.triuncialis单体附加系的培育

通过中国春Tal kr phlb基因综合体与Ae.triuncialis杂交、回交、自交及抗白粉病、细胞学鉴定,第一次获得了带有Ae.triuncialis抗白粉病基因的普通小麦-Ae.triuncialis单体附加系。 For the first time,the common wheat-Ae.trinucialis monosomic addition lines with resistant gene of Ae.triuncialis to powdery mildew were obtained by crosses and backcrosses between Chinese Spring Tal krph1b plants and Ae.triuncialis with Chinese Spring and identification of powdery mildew and cytology of their progenies.     

Origin,evolution and genome differentiation in Guizotia abyssinica and its wild species

Summary Genome affinities were analyzed at meiosis in C-banded metaphase-I cells of wheat x Ae. Sharonensis hybrid plants. The results showed that the most frequent type of pairing occurred between chromosomes of the A and D genomes in all plants, as well as in cells with different numbers of associations. These findings clearly indicated that Ae. Sharonensis can be excluded as the donor of the B genome of wheat.     

一个柱穗山羊草（Aegilops cylindrica）系统中的类Ph1基因

第一次在一个Ａｅ．ｃｙｌｉｎｄｒｉｃａ系统中发现了Ｐｈ１－ｌｉｋｅ基因,但它的作用略小于Ｐｈ１。同时证明了Ａｅ,ｃｙｌｉｎｄｒｉｃａ在控制染色体配对基因方面存在多态现象。ｐｈ１ｂ基因可以诱导普通小麦与Ａｅ．ｃｙｌｉｎｄｒｉｃａ间的部分同源染色体配对,同时用普通小麦对（中国春ｐｈ１ｂ突变体×Ａｅ．ｃｙｌｉｎｄｒｉｃａ）Ｆ_１回交获得了成功。表明利用ｐｈ１ｂ基因通过诱导部分同源染色体配对可以把Ａｅ．ｃｙｌｉｎｄｒｉｃａ中的有益基因导入到普通小麦中。     

D genome doners for Aegilops cylindrica (CCDD) and Triticum aestivum (AABBDD) deduced from esterase isozyme analysis

Summary Putative D genome donors for Aegilops cylindrica (2n = 28, CCDD) and Triticum aestivum (2n = 42, AABBDD) were studied with the isoelectric focusing patterns of esterase isozymes. 103 strains of Ae. cylindrica were uniform in their isozyme pattern. 30 strains of the putative parent, Ae. caudata, showed no zymogram variation, whereas the other parent, Ae. squarrosa, comprised 3 phenotypes. Natural Ae. cylindrica had an isozyme pattern which corresponded to a mixture of esterases from Ae. caudata and type 3 Ae. squarrosa. Therefore, it is concluded that the D genome donor of Ae. cylindrica is derived from type 3 Ae. squarrosa. These results suggest that Ae. cylindrica originated with a single amphiploidy event, and the C and D genomes have remained remarkably constant regarding esterase isozyme composition.On the other hand, T. aestivum comprised three zymogram phenotypes. These phenotypes contain bands which can be ascribed to the D genome of type 2 Ae. squarrosa. These results suggest that the D genome of Ae. cylindrica differs from that of T. aestivum. Evolution of the AB and D genomes of T. aestivum is indicated by the zymogram polymorphism. The origin of Ae. cylindrica is possibly more recent than that of T. aestivum.Contribution No. 433 of the Laboratory of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University