Notes on the taxonomy and nomenclature of the algal classes Eustigmatophyceae and Tribophyceae (synonym Xanthophyceae)

The systematics of the Eustigmatophyceae are revised at the level of species, genus, family and order. All known species are included in the Eustigmatales, which is divided into four families: the Eustigmataceae Hibberd includes Eustigmatps Hibberd and Vischeria Pascher, each with three species; the Pseudocharaciopsidaceae includes only Pseudocharaciopsis Lee & Bold with two species; the Chlorobotryaceae includes only Chlorobotrys Bohlin with one species and the Monodopsidaceae includes Monodopsis Hibberd with one species and Nannochloropsis Hibberd with two species. Eustigmatophyta and Eustigmatophyceae are published as typified names for the division and the class, respectively, both based on Eustigmatos. Tribophyceae, based on Tribonema , is published as the typified name for the class previously called Xanthophyceae. Nannochloris coccoides Naumann is chosen as lectotype of the chlorophycean genus Nannochloris Naumann.     

Plant cyclins: a unified nomenclature for plant A-, B- and D-type cyclins based on sequence organization

The comparative analysis of a large number of plant cyclins of the A/B family has recently revealed that plants possess two distinct B-type groups and three distinct A-type groups of cyclins [1]. Despite earlier uncertainties, this large-scale comparative analysis has allowed an unequivocal definition of plant cyclins into either A or B classes. We present here the most important results obtained in this study, and extend them to the case of plant D-type cyclins, in which three groups are identified. For each of the plant cyclin groups, consensus sequences have been established and a new, rational, plant-wide naming system is proposed in accordance with the guidelines of the Commission on Plant Gene Nomenclature. This nomenclature is based on the animal system indicating cyclin classes by an upper-case roman letter, and distinct groups within these classes by an arabic numeral suffix. The naming of plant cyclin classes is chosen to indicate homology to their closest animal class. The revised nomenclature of all described plant cyclins is presented, with their classification into groups CycA1, CycA2, CycA3, CycB1, CycB2, CycD1, CycD2 and CycD3.     

Studies in Schefflera (Araliaceae). IV. The identity of Vitis heptaphylla L., a long-misplaced Linnaean ivy tree

A discussion of the little-known and poorly localized Linnaean species Vitis heptaphylla is presented. Its long, though sometimes questioned, association with Middle America arose from J. E. Smith's annotation of the probable type specimen (No. 281.10, LINN) as a possible member of Sciodaphyllum and his association of the name with the Jamaican Aralia sciodaphyllum Willd. [sic] (Schefflera sciodaphyllum (Sw.) Harms) in Rees' Cyclopaedia. However, the plant is the same as the East Asian tree described as Aralia octophylla Lour, and known almost universally since the 1890s as Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms. A formal treatment, incorporating the necessary new combination, is given. Notes on six other Linnaean Mantissa altera species claimed, like Vitis heptaphylla, to be from "India orientalis" but without supporting references, are given in an Appendix.     

Nomenclature of fatty acid-binding proteins

Summary A variety of designations is currently being used to refer to cellular fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs). Besides from the use of other general names (e.g. Z protein), confusion mostly arises from the application of various abbreviations and symbols to denote the tissue(s) of origin and cellular localization (cytoplasm, plasma membrane) of a specific FABP. In order to minimize confusion a more unified and rational nomenclature is proposed, which is based on application of the formula X-FABPy. The prefix X is a capital letter indicating the tissue of greatest abundance, the suffix Y similarly denotes the (sub)cellular localization of the protein. The general and functional name fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) is preferred for the cellular proteins with the property to bind fatty acids, unless future research reveals that the binding of fatty acids is not the primary biological property or physiological role of (some of) these proteins.     

Concept of virus species

The species concept is applicable in virology because viruses have genomes, replicate, evolve, and occupy particular ecological niches. The following definition of virus species was accepted in 1991 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses: A virus species is a polythetic class of viruses that constitutes a replicating lineage and occupies a particular ecological niche. This definition does not provide a list of diagnostic properties for recognizing members of particular virus species. Furthermore, since a virus species is a polythetic class, it is impossible to use a single property such as a certain level of genome homology as defining property of the species. The implications of this new definition of virus species for future virus classification are discussed.     

关于几个叶肢介化石属名的注解

Bean(1836)在上个世纪曾描述过英国约克郡北部斯卡伯勒附近格里斯托普湾(Gristhorpe Bay)中侏罗统巴柔阶(相当 E.(o.) sauzei带)克洛顿组(Cloughton Formation)格里斯托普层的一些化石,包括双壳类 Unio distortus Bean, 介形类 Cypris concentrica Bean 和 Cypris arcuata Bean (Cypris M?ller, 1776). 嗣后不久, Jones(1862)认为 C.concentrica 是一个叶肢介化石并将这个种归入了 Estheria R?ppell, 1837.本世纪50年代,苏联学者诺沃日     

叶绿素荧光动力学参数的意义及讨论

叶绿素荧光动力学技术被称为研究植物光合功能的快速、无损伤探针。但其参数众多，且名称及在参数的生物学意义解释上存在不规范和混乱现象。本文通过对这些问题的讨论旨在引起使用者的注意，并探讨正确使用这些参数的途径     

Phylogeny,classification and nomenclature: a reply to F. Pleijel and G. W. Rouse

In systematics, the uncovering of monophyletic units, of sister group relationships and also of paraphyla is an important part of primary research. The hypotheses derived are thus subject to falsification and are subject to change. In contrast, classifications are a secondary step, as they are derived from such hypotheses. Classifications are based on different philosophies, which permit different solutions as to how results in the fields of taxonomy and phylogenetics can be transposed into a ‘system’. The function of classifications is at least partly utilitarian, and this is even more true for the names and principles of nomenclature. Nomenclature is simply a tool for information retrieval and for safeguarding understanding. Directly linking names and cladograms or nodes, respectively – making them subject to changes by falsification – would deliberately ignore the primary, strictly utilitarian function of long‐established principles of nomenclature and would endanger an instrument that functions almost perfectly. Approaches to introduce a so‐called PhyloCode should therefore not be pursued, as there is no chance at all that this kind of code could be generally accepted.     

Systematics and phylogeny of the caryophyllidia-bearing dorids (Mollusca, Nudibranchia), with descriptions of a new genus and four new species from Indo-Pacific deep waters

The phylogenetic relationships of the caryophyllidia-bearing dorids are studied, based on the examination of the type species of all the genera previously described. The phylogenetic hypothesis supports that the caryophyllidia-bearing dorids are a monophyletic group and the sister group of the clade formed by Astemnotus Ehrenberg, 1831 and Halgerda Bergh, 1880. Several genera previously considered as valid or regarded as uncertain are here synonymized: Peronodoris Bergh, 1904, Trippa Bergh, 1877, Phlegmodoris Bergh, 1878, Petelodoris Bergh, 1881, Kentrodoris Bergh, 1876, Audura Bergh, 1878, Centrodoris P. Fischer, 1883, Anisodoris Bergh, 1898, Awuka Er. Marcus, 1955, Rhabdochiia P. Fischer, 1883, Boreodoris Odhner, 1939, Dictyodoris Bergh, 1880, Gravieria Vayssiere, 1912, Aporodoris Ihering, 1886. The following genera are regarded as valid: Astemnotus, Atagema J.E. Gray, 1850, Jorunna Bergh, 1876, Platydoris Bergh, 1877, Diaulula Bergh, 1878, Rostanga Bergh, 1879, Halgerda Bergh, 1880, Baptodoris Bergh, 1884, Gargamella Bergh, 1894, Alloiodoris Bergh, 1904, Sclerodoris Eliot, 1904, Taringa Er. Marcus, 1955, Thorybopus Bouchet, 1977. The new genus Nophodoris is described based on two new species from New Caledonia deep waters. Two additional new species from New Caledonia belonging to the genera Atagema and Gargamella are also described. Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems are discussed, and several type species, neotypes and lectotypes are selected.