鹰嘴豆种质资源对Ascochyta rabiei的抗性评价及遗传多态性分析

以25 个鹰嘴豆品系为试验材料,通过叶面喷雾的方式进行Ascochyta rabiei菌悬液室内外人工接种,评价不同鹰嘴豆种质资源的抗病性;同时利用RAPD方法进行基因型鉴定,采用NTSYSpc 2.10t软件对分子标记结果进行遗传相似性的统计分析并建立各品系间的亲缘关系聚类图,探讨不同鹰嘴豆品系对A.rabiei抗性与遗传多态性间的关系。通过室内和田间鹰嘴豆抗A.rabiei鉴定结果综合分析表明：在25个鹰嘴豆供试品系中,“系选 03”和“216”品系均表现出稳定抗性特性;北园春品系表现出稳定中抗特性。通过RAPD多态性引物对这25 个供试品系进行PCR扩增,共获得129 个扩增条带,其中多态性条带共有67 条,多态性比例达51.94%,遗传相似系数为0.3731-0.9254。结合抗病性和遗传多态性,经方差分析表明,本研究所采用的鹰嘴豆品系对A.rabiei的抗性强弱与其遗传相似性之间无显著相关性。     

紫花苜蓿多元杂交后代优良株系筛选研究

通过对甘农3号、甘农5号和游客紫花苜蓿多元杂交后代选育的36个株系及其亲本的生长、产量、品质等相关指标的测定,采用灰色关联度理论,构造综合评价模型进行供试材料综合评价,筛选出速生12#、速生11#株系为最理想的优良株系,生长高度分别为105.44cm、105.42cm;生长速度分别为1.74cm/d、1.68cm/d;茎叶比分别为0.30、0.35;分枝数分别为23、17;鲜草产量分别为39.99 t/hm2、35.13 t/hm2;粗蛋白含量分别为19.95%、23.89%;相对饲用价值为153.15%、157.02%。多叶2#、速生5#、速生20#、速生21#等4个株系为较理想的优良株系。     

对肝炎患者进行胆碱酯酶活性监测的临床意义分析

目的:血清胆碱酯酶活性(CHE)是反应肝细胞损害的灵敏指标,对于肝炎疾病的临床应用具有重大的价值,评估血清胆碱酯酶的活性变化是本文的主要目的.方法:对各种类型肝炎患者的CHE活性采用医院引进的国外先进的全自动生化分析仪进行检测,并对患病肝炎组与正常组进行胆碱酯酶活性的对照(P＜0.01).结果:三组肝炎患者在接触时间、基础疾病、血清肌酸激酶(CK)、昏迷时间等有差异有显著性(P＜0.01),在年龄、性别、中毒原因方面没有显著性差异(P＞0.05).迟发性脑病组和无迟发性脑病组在年龄、基础疾病、并发症、接触时间、昏迷时间、CK方面差异有显著性(P＜0.01);而在性别、中毒原因方面差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论:最终结果表明,CHE活性检测对于判定肝炎患者的预后具有重大的价值和作用,应得到充分的重视,而广泛、有效的应用于临床.     

超声检查在肛周感染性疾病中的诊断价值

目的:通过对一定样本的肛周感染患者的超声影像分析,探讨超声检查在肛周感染性疾病中诊断的价值,旨在早期为临床提供早期干预证据.方法:利用飞利浦IU22超声对我院2010年10月到2012年10月收治的60例肛周感染患者进行扫查,根据病变部位,特征及超声声像图进行分型分析并与实际手术结果对照,评价超声在肛周感染性疾病上的诊断及治疗方法选择的价值.结果:超声诊断单纯型肛周脓肿28例,肛瘘20例,复合型肛周脓肿12例;与手术所见符合率分别为单纯脓肿93.33％,肛瘘100.0％,复合型肛周脓肿90.91％.术前超声诊断和手术确诊病例数之间没有统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论:超声在肛周感染性疾病的诊断中具有快速、准确、经济等独特的优势,并可根据声像图对其作出较准确的分型,为临床治疗方法的选择提供可靠的依据.     

天蚕素AD在毕赤酵母中的多拷贝整合表达及表达条件优化

【背景】天蚕素抗菌肽是目前研究最清楚、效果最显著的抗菌肽,实现工业化生产为其在农业、养殖业中的应用奠定了基础。【目的】获得一株高效生产天蚕素AD的基因工程菌株。【方法】构建重组载体pGAPZαA-CAD通过电击转化至PichiapastorisX33中,表达天蚕素AD基因并获得X33/GCAD菌株;构建重组载体pUCGAP-CAD导入至X33/GCAD菌株中。pGAPZαA-CAD是以博来霉素为抗性筛选标签被整合到P. pastoris X33的GAPDH启动子区域,pUCGAP-CAD是以遗传霉素为抗性筛选标签被整合到P. pastoris X33的非翻译rDNA区域,最终获得一株高效表达天蚕素AD的酵母菌株X33/GUCAD。【结果】通过质谱分析鉴定X33/GUCAD表达的抑菌物质为天蚕素AD,通过发酵条件的优化,表明X33/GUCAD菌株在以甘油为碳源和以蛋白胨、酵母提取物为有机氮源的情况下具有较强表达天蚕素AD的能力。【结论】较高的拷贝数更有利于提高天蚕素AD的产量,此工程菌株在后期发酵过程中稳定性较好,适于工业化生产。     

Evaluation of improved and local/landrace/sorghum varieties for covered kernel smut

Twelve varieties of improved and local (landrace) sorghum were tested under artificial inoculation conditions. Out of 12 sorghum varieties evaluated with covered kernel smut, notably local cultivar ‘Tetron’ was found to be highly resistant. Disease incidence and severity on the rest of the cultivars varied from 21 to 47% and 40 to 53% respectively. Differences among cultivars in yield loss were also observed. The highest yield loss (40%) was recorded on 97 MW 6129 (NVT-11 4) and for Tetron yield loss was nil. The effect of disease on germination was noticed but cannot be considered as conclusive due to moisture stress at the time of germination.     

Effect of cucumber mosaic virus infection on morphology,yield and phenolic contents of tomato

Ten tomato genotypes were screened for their resistance against cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and its vector Myzus persicae under natural infection in field, using aphids M. persicae under net-house and mechanical inoculation under greenhouse. Large differences were observed among genotypes for infection percentage (IP) and severity index (SI) among the testing methods used. All genotypes showing tolerance to CMV in the field or through aphid inoculation, however, become susceptible and highly susceptible after mechanical inoculation. All the test genotypes also showed susceptibility to the aphid M. persicae population. Plants inoculated with CMV showed substantial decrease in yield and yield-contributing parameters which varied with cultivars that probably depended upon its genetic make up. All the test genotypes exhibited 0.97–30.19% decrease in plant height, 11.47–52.65% decrease in root length, 46.56–95.56% decrease in fresh plant weight, 65.78–92.84% decrease in root fresh weight, 19.97–87.65% decrease in the dry weight of plants, 75.63–95.43% decrease in dry root weight, 69.51–95.65% reduction in the number of fruits and 89.04–99.89% decrease in yield per plants. After 15 days of inoculation, the quantitative analysis using double beam spectrophotometer showed an increase in total phenolics in CMV-inoculated plants as compared to un-inoculated plants among genotypes. Similarly the thin layer chromatography (TLC) on silica gel G indicated that the number of phenolic compounds was increased in most of the inoculated genotypes while in others they were either decreased or remained same.     

Development and assessment of fusarium oxysporum-based mycoherbicide for control of Striga Hermonthica in sorghum

Abstract

Experiments were carried out from 2002 to 2003 to determine the most suitable form of fungal delivery for possible use by farmers in biological control of Striga hermonthica. Six mycoherbicides were developed, based on Fusarium oxysporum isolated from wilted S. hermonthica. In mycoherbicide formulation, rock phosphate powder, sorghum bran and gum arabic powder were used as carriers. Besides its role as a carrier, gum arabic powder was used as a sticker. There were three carriers with two formulations each, making six treatments altogether. Living propagule studies were based on colony, mycelium and conidium number of F. oxysporum. In greenhouse evaluation of mycoherbicides, each kg sorghum seed was coated with 10 g mycoherbicide before sowing. Carrier rock phosphate powder with gum arabic powder as a sticking agent was the most suitable form of its delivery for use by peasant farmers.     

Temperature response,pathogenicity, seed infection and mutant evaluation against Macrophomina phaseolina causing charcoal rot disease of sesame

Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is a serious disease of sesame in Pakistan. M. phaseolina sesame isolate was subjected to growth rate test at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40°C. The optimum temperature for fungal growth and microsclerotia production was found to be 30–35°C. Gray to black, radial fungal colonies with intermediate mycelial growth and jet black oval to round microsclerotia were observed at this optimum range. M. phaseolina was found to be pathogenic against all the 18 tested plant species and this pathogenicity proved its necrophytic behavior. Seed infection efficiency of M. phaseolina was 100% with significant reduction in seed index. For two consecutive years 21 mutants/varieties were screened in the field for their reactions to charcoal rot disease. During 2007 three mutants NS11704S1, NS11304S2 and NS26004 were ranked as resistant while others were moderately resistant to highly susceptible. During 2008 all mutants showed a susceptible to highly susceptible reaction with variable disease reactions. All over screening results revealed that four mutants viz, NS13P1, NS163-1, NS270P1 and NS26004 showed about 50% stand with consistent performance during both years under optimum disease conditions and can be used to manage the disease following the disease management strategies, however in the future improvement for high seed yield along with resistance is a prerequisite for sustainable high production.     

Evaluation of some fungal diseases and yield of groundnut in groundnut-based cropping systems

A study on the evaluation of some fungal diseases and yield of groundnut in groundnut-based cropping systems was conducted in 2002 and 2003 planting seasons. Analysis of variance indicated that intercropping was highly significant on leaf spot disease severity 0.76; 0.75, rust 2.75; 2.69, as well as percentage defoliation 78.42%; 78.10% in 2002 and 2003, respectively. Plant population was significant on leaf spot severity 4.52, 4.60 rust 2.76; 366 and defoliation 226.5; 441.1 fungal as well as yield, while interactions were not significant on the fungal diseases and yield. Sole groundnut recorded significantly high severity of the fungal diseases investigated but low yield, when groundnut was intercropped with maize and melon and recorded the lowest yield in 2002 and 2003 respectively. 250,000 plants/ha recorded the lowest severity of the diseases investigated, while 444,444 plants/ha recorded the highest. Sole groundnut also recorded the highest percentage defoliation 79.37%, 79.25% when groundnut was intercropped with maize recorded the lowest 77.06%; 77.60%. 250,000 plants/ha had the lowest defoliation when 444,444 plants/ha had the highest 80.75% 82.13% in 2002 and 2003, respectively. Sole groundnut recorded the lowest in the majority of yields when intercropped with maize and with melon recorded a high yield and yield components in 2002 and 2003, respectively. The microorganisms identified were Cercospora spp., Aspergillus linked and Blastomyces.