Import of 14C-Photosynthate by Developing Leaves of Sugarcane

Sink-to-source transition was studied in developing sugarcane (Saccharum interspecific variety L62–96) leaves. Fully-expanded, mature sugarcane leaves were fed ¹⁴CO₂ for 20 minutes, incorporating about 617 Bq. After five hours the leaves of each plant were cut into 1-cm-length segments that were weighed and then placed in scintillation cocktail for counting. All leaves younger than the leaf fed ¹⁴CO₂ imported labeled photoassimilate. Three to four leaves had both importing and non-importing regions within the blade and a distinct transition region between them. A transition region was observed in leaves which had expanded to between 30 and 90 % of final blade length. Radioactivity per gram fresh weight was calculated as a measure of sink strength. Sink strength was greatest in the youngest leaf and declined with leaf age. The results of this study indicate that 1) import of photosynthate by developing sugarcane leaves occurs over a longer span of developmental ages than in dicotyledonous leaves and 2) the actual tissue region undergoing transition within such a leaf can be resolved as narrow zone between the importing and non-importing regions.     

Canopy structures and its effect on shoot growth and flowering in subalpine forests

Changes in foliage density distribution with altitude and its effect on shoot growth and flowering were studied in forest section planes (profiles) of subalpine forests and scrubs (Krummholz) in Nepal and Japan.Patterns of foliage in forest canopy were evaluated by an analysis of variance. Foliage densities were very high at high altitude canopies, but the change in spatial patterns along altitude differs in both areas.The spatial pattern of new shoot production was similar to that of current foliage density and was affected by the amount of foliage above the sample probably through light condition. Flowering of tall trees occurred in the surface of the upper canopy, but a shrub species flowered even under tree canopies.     

放线菌结瘤植物根与根瘤中有机氮化物的组分及其上运形式

杨梅、沙棘和赤杨三种放线菌结瘤植物根瘤、根部有机氮化物的组分中,都含有占总有机氮化物50％以上的尿囊酸,说明在它们的根瘤中合成了大量的酰脲;同时,三种植物结瘤植株的茎木质部提取物中也含有大量的尿囊酸,表明根瘤将其合成的酰脲向植物地上部位运送。三种植物的根瘤还将其合成的特定的氨基酸及酰胺向地上部位转运,其中杨梅根瘤将固定的氮素以Asn和Gln的形式输出,而根部则以Arg的形式向上转运;沙棘根瘤以Ash,Gln及Ser,赤杨根瘤以Cit的形式合成并转运固定的氮素;后两种植物的无根瘤植株,以NH_4~+为氮源时,在转运的氨基酸组分中Arg的比例明显提高。     

紫云英根瘤菌109菌株吸氢的诱导表达——核苷、核苷酸与烟酸的促进效应

核苷酸和烟酸的添加,使紫云英根瘤菌109氢酶吸氢活性表达增加。cAMP(1 mmol/L),烟酸(70 mmol/L)的存在,缓解了葡萄糖酸钠或果糖引起的吸氢活性阻遏,cAMP的解阻遏效应在年轻的菌体(48 h)表现较为明显。但以MB为受体的破碎细胞吸氢活性则未见增加,烟酸的促进效应受到氯霉素(40μg/ml)的抑制。其他核苷或核苷酸,如腺嘌呤,尿嘧啶,ATP,ADP,AMP,UMP,UTP都能促进吸氢活性的表达。诱导氢酶前,细胞ATP库已处于低水平,并保持稳定,添加琥珀酸盐后,ATP库水平提高,吸氢活性表达受抑。     

腐霉属分类性状评价及其中国的种

本文对腐霉属Pythium Pringsheim的研究历史作了简单的回顾,对该属的分类性状和系统进行了论述和评价,最后对中国已发现的55种腐霉,以检索表的方式进行了分类、检索。     

一组新的核仁组织者区结合蛋白

本文报道了一组新的核仁组织者区蛋白(ANOP)。这些蛋白由三种多肽组成,分子量分别为65,76和78KD。它们集中分布在核纤丝中心周围的高密度纤维组分中。研究表明ANOP广泛地分布于各种脊椎动物细胞中,有较强的抗原保守性。但在两栖类的红细胞和原肠期以前的早期胚胎细胞中则缺乏此种抗原。而在原肠形成过程中,ANOP开始出现并逐渐增加,表明ANOP可能与rRNA基因的活性有关。     

Antioxidant enzyme activities in embryologic and early larval stages of turbot

The antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (SeGPX; EC 1.11.1.9), glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) and DT-diaphorase (EC 1.6.99.2), plus total GPX activity (sum of SeGPX and Se-independent GPX activities), were studied in 13 500 g supernatants of embryos and 3-day and 11-day post-hatch larvae of turbot Scophthalmus maximus L. SOD activity decreased progressively during development from embryos to 11-day-old larvae, indicative of a decreased need to detoxify superoxide anion radical (O₂⁻). In contrast, catalase, SeGPX and glutathione reductase activities increased progressively from embryos to 11-day-old larvae, indicative of an increased need to metabolize hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and organic peroxides. Consistent with the latter changes, levels of lipid peroxides (i.e. thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) increased 13-fold from embryos to 3-day-old larvae, whilst total peroxidizable lipid was indicated to decrease. Increases were seen for NADPH-dependent DT-diaphorase (after hatching) and total GPX (between 3 and 11 days post-hatch) activities, whilst no change was found in NADH-dependent DT-diaphorase activity. Overall, the results demonstrate a capacity for early life-stages of S. maximus to detoxify reactive oxygen species (O₂⁻ and H₂O₂) and other pro-oxidant compounds (organic peroxides, redox cycling chemicals). Furthermore, qualitative and quantitative antioxidant changes occur during hatching and development, possibly linked to such events as altered respiration rates (SOD changes) and tissue reorganization and development (catalase, SeGPX, lipid peroxidation).     

Duration of synchronous cleavage cycles and rate of development at different temperatures in the Baltic herring

The duration of one synchronous cleavage cycle (τ₀) in Clupea harengus membras at different temperatures ( T ) was given by: (logτ₀)= 2.4349–0–0684T for T= 0.9–13°C, and (logτ₀)= 1.61010–oooit for t= 13–18–7°C.     

Testicular development and serum sex steroid profiles during the annual sexual cycle of the male sturgeon hybrid the bester

Testicular development in the adult male F₁ sturgeon hybrid, the bester ( Huso huso L. female x Acipenser ruthenus L. male), was examined monthly in relation to serum sex steroid levels. Spermatogenesis lasted for 1 year, with meiosis generally starting in September and spermiogenesis in November, although there was considerable variation in testicular developmental stages between fish sampled monthly. Testicular development continued, slowly, during the winter months until April. Fish did not exhibit spontaneous spermiation, and phagocytotic activity of Sertoli cells became prominent from May onwards. Androgen levels increased during Spermatogenesis and remained high throughout the pre-spermiation period. In the degeneration stage, 11-ketotestosterone concentrations declined to low levels, while testoster- one levels remained high. The serum concentration of 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one was low throughout the reproductive cycle. Based on these results, it is suggested that the time appropriate for induction of final maturation would be from November–December to April when the testes are in the late stage of development.