毛竹（Phyllostachys pubescens）竹笋群动态的研究

 本文从克隆植物生长的调节与适应的角度,研究了毛竹竹笋群的时空动态。竹笋的单位面积产量及个体大小在年际之间变化很大。环境有利的年份出土的竹笋要比条件恶劣的年份多得多、高得多、壮得多。而且,自始至终较早的同生群的竹笋总比较晚的同生群的要高得多、壮得多。较早的同生群的竹笋刚出土时要经历一段生长缓慢的时期,而较晚的同生群的竹笋一出土生长就十分迅速。不管竹笋何时出土,它们几乎都同时进入最快生长期。竹笋高度日增量最快时可达每天100cm左右。本文解释了亚热带竹子在春季不同时间出土的竹笋为何及如何几乎同时抵达林冠顶部。最后,提出了一些有利于竹林经营管理的建议。     

不同梭梭种群同化枝的解剖结构特征及其与生态因子的关系分析

该研究于中国西北干旱区按自然降水梯度从东向西选择6个梭梭种群,取其当年生同化枝作为试验材料,采用石蜡切片法,应用光学显微技术测定同化枝9项解剖结构指标,分析不同生境下梭梭同化枝解剖结构的变异特点以及与生态因子的关系,为干旱区生态环境保护和梭梭资源的保护与利用提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)干旱荒漠环境的梭梭同化枝解剖结构具有连续的栅栏组织、花环结构、含晶细胞和贮水组织等结构特征,但其表皮细胞、角质层厚度、气孔位置和气下室与旱生植物结构有差异,主要表现为表皮细胞和角质层较薄,气孔半下陷且气下室不发达。(2)梭梭同化枝各种群间的9项解剖结构指标都存在显著差异,其中变异系数较大的是维管束个数/直径和角质层厚度,变异系数分别为22.78%和15.20%;相关分析表明:同化枝直径、栅栏细胞切向长、贮水组织厚度和维管柱直径均与经度、纬度、海拔、一月均温、七月均温、年均温、年降水量和年相对湿度等8个生态因子有不同程度的相关性,其中与经度、海拔、七月均温和年平均相对湿度显著相关。(3)6个梭梭种群通过聚类分析可分为两大类,分析结果与所观察到的生境类型、地理分布的划分基本一致;随着自然降水量自东向西减少,梭梭的抗旱性相应逐渐增强。     

Rapid in vitro differentiation of Sesbania bispinosa plants — a leguminous shrub

Multiple shoots differentiated from hypocotyl explants of Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W.F. Wight, a leguminous woody shrub, when cultured on Gamborg's basal medium alone or in combination with 6-benzyl aminopurine (10^–7–10^–4 M). For cotyledonary explants 6-benzyl aminopurine (10^–6–10^–4 M) was necessary. The shoots rooted when cultured on Gamborg's basal medium containing indole-3-butyric acid (10^-5 M). Plantlets thus formed were transferred to soil where they have flowered and also set fruits.     

Production of linalol and geraniol by hydrolytic breakdown of bound forms in disrupted tea shoots

Linalol and geraniol were produced in tea shoots, disrupted by mechanical means, by hydrolytic breakdown of non-volatile compounds. The formation of li     

The uptake of sodium by perennial ryegrass and its relationship to potassium supply in flowing solution culture

Summary The uptake of Na and K by perennial ryegrass from flowing solution culture with monitored concentrations of Na and K was followed in two experiments. In the first, when only 50 and 10 per cent of the K uptake by one set of plants, grown with K held constant at 2.5 μeq 1⁻¹, was supplied to two other linked sets of plants and the balance supplied as Na, there was a rapid decrease in K, and an increase in Na, concentration in the shoots over a 20-day period. However, when compared with the plants grown in K in solution held constant, there was not a complete replacement of Na for K. In the second experiment the concentration of K in the culture solution was held constant at 2 μeq 1⁻¹ and Na at 0, 5, 25, 50 and 100 μeq 1⁻¹. Although uptake of Na increased with increasing concentration in solution the contents in the plants were low,i.e. less than 0.19 per cent and decreased with time. There was an increase in the yield of both shoots and roots with increasing Na in the solution; it was suggested that, during the early stages of growth there may have been an inadequate supply of K and that Na may have substituted for K in some of the non-specific roles of K in the plants. There was evidence in both experiments that a flux of H-ions was involved in the uptake of Na.     

苹果绵蚜对不同苹果品种春梢生长期生理指标的影响

为了筛选培育对苹果绵蚜(Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann)的抗性品种,实现持续有效治理苹果绵蚜的目的,通过测定红富士、金帅、昭锦108、秦冠、红将军等5种不同苹果品种春梢生长期被苹果绵蚜危害前后枝条内可溶性糖、蛋白质、游离氨基酸、总酚含量以及防御性酶的活性变化,探讨苹果生理指标与抗蚜性的关系。结果表明,被害后可溶性糖含量除红将军外均有所上升,其中红富士上升达13.7%;蛋白质含量除红富士外均有所降低;氨基酸含量均有所上升,其中红将军变化明显,变化率达68.8%。酚类物质是一种重要的抗蚜物质,红富士、昭锦108、秦冠被害后总酚含量均升高,其中昭锦108、秦冠中总酚含量上升率约为红富士的2倍。红富士品种正常枝条内超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)、多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol Oxidase,PPO)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)以及过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性均显著低于昭锦108,被害后各苹果枝条SOD活性均出现上升趋势,除红将军的PPO、POD活性降低外,其他品种均升高;金帅、红富士的CAT活性上升明显,分别为110.8%、45.5%。植物的防御性酶与其抗虫性有密切关系,苹果春梢生长期对苹果绵蚜的抗性与苹果体内的可溶性糖、游离氨基酸、SOD、PPO、POD以及CAT活性均有关,而且不同苹果品种被害后生理指标的变化也与其抗蚜性有一定关系。     

Effect of root system morphology on root-sprouting and shoot-rooting abilities in 123 plant species from eroded lands in North-east Spain

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The objective of this study was to test whether the mean values of several root morphological variables were related to the ability to develop root-borne shoots and/or shoot-borne roots in a wide range of vascular plants. METHODS: A comparative study was carried out on the 123 most common plant species from eroded lands in north-east Spain. After careful excavations in the field, measurements were taken of the maximum root depth, absolute and relative basal root diameter, specific root length (SRL), and the root depth/root lateral spread ratio on at least three individuals per species. Shoot-rooting and root-sprouting were observed in a large number of individuals in many eroded and sedimentary environments. The effect of life history and phylogeny on shoot-rooting and root-sprouting abilities was also analysed. KEY RESULTS: The species with coarse and deep tap-roots tended to be root-sprouting and those with fine, fasciculate and long main roots (which generally spread laterally), tended to be shoot-rooting. Phylogeny had an important influence on root system morphology and shoot-rooting and root-sprouting capacities. However, the above relations stood after applying analyses based on phylogenetically independent contrasts (PICs). CONCLUSIONS: The main morphological features of the root system of the study species are related to their ability to sprout from their roots and form roots from their shoots. According to the results, such abilities might only be functionally viable in restricted root system morphologies and ecological strategies.     

青钱柳组培快繁体系的初步研究

以青钱柳成熟胚为实验材料,对建立青钱柳组培快繁技术体系进行初步研究.结果表明,离体胚在添加30 g/L蔗糖、6.5 g/L琼脂的培养基中培养60 d,成苗率可达到72.67%.通过正交试验筛选出丛生芽诱导增殖的最佳培养基为WPM+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.01 mg/L IBA+30 g/L蔗糖,适宜的继代周期为40 d,丛生芽诱导率可达到93.33%,增殖系数最高为4.75,3种激素对丛生芽增殖系数的影响程度依次为IBA>6-BA>KT,其中IBA有显著影响.培养基中添加适当浓度的烯效唑和稀土镧对试管苗的壮苗和生长均有促进作用,其最适浓度分别为0.1 mg/L和5 mg/L.适宜浓度的IBA对试管苗生根有一定促进作用,采用WPM+0.2 mg/L IBA+20 g/L蔗糖培养基进行诱导,生根率为16.67%,经过15 d暗诱导处理,生根率可提高到23.33%.     

Micropropagation of Bixa orellana using phytohormones and triacontanol

An efficient micropropagation protocol for annatto (Bixa orellana L.) was achieved using nodal shoot tip explants. Shoot buds were obtained on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations and combinations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), N⁶-benzyladenine (BA) and triacontanol (TRIA). Maximum of 213 shoot buds along with 18 primary shoots were produced on MS medium containing 0.05 μM IAA, 8.87 μM BA, and 11.2 μM TRIA. The primary shoots elongated best on MS medium containing 6.66 μM BA and 2.45 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The regenerated shoots rooted best on MS medium supplemented with 4.9 μM IBA. The in vitro rooted plantlets were hardened and establishment rate under field conditions was 70 to 80 %.     

In vitro regeneration of brahmi shoots using semisolid and liquid cultures and quantitative analysis of bacoside A

The major objectives of this study were to investigate an efficient rapid protocol for mass propagation of adventitious shoots of brahmi using semisolid and liquid cultures; and to assess the amount of bacoside A accumulated in the regenerated shoots. Leaf explants were grown in vitro on Murashige and Skoog semisolid medium supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mg l⁻¹ 6-benzyladenine or kinetin (KN) or thidiazuron (TDZ) for 4 weeks. Adventitious shoots developed from leaf explants on all cytokinin supplemented media. After 4 weeks of incubation, leaf explants were split into two batches and one set was subcultured on semisolid medium and another set in liquid medium containing same concentration of cytokinins where they have come from. Highest rate of shoot regeneration was observed for explants cultured on medium with 2 mg l⁻¹ KN. The fresh and dry weight of shoots was also highest with this treatment. Liquid cultures were found suitable for proliferation of shoots (155.6 shoots per explant) and they also favored highest biomass accumulation (8.60 g fresh and 0.35 g dry biomass). The bacoside A contents were determined in shoots using HPLC. Analysis revealed that, the contents were highest with shoots regenerated on medium supplemented with 2 mg l⁻¹ KN. The amount of bacoside A was highest in the shoots regenerated in liquid medium (11.92 mg g⁻¹ DW) and it was 2.2-fold higher compared to shoots grown on semisolid cultures.