光周期调节光敏感核不育水稻叶片抗环血酸过氧化物酶的活性

从第二次枝梗原基分化期开始用长日照(LD)或短日照(SD)处理光敏感核不育水稻农垦58S 和常规水稻农垦58。与 SD 处理比较,LD 处理明显抑制农垦58S 和农垦58的抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(AsAPOD)的活性,对农垦58S 的 AsA POD 活性的抑制效应较之农垦58的大。随着 AsAPOD 活性下降,抗坏血酸(AsA)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量逐渐增加,AsA POD 活性与 AsA 和MDA 含量之间呈负相关。LD 抑制 ASA POD 活性和抑制幼穗发育的时间有一定的一致性。推测在 LD 处理下 AsA POD 活性下降与幼穗发育受阻有某些内在的联系。     

Fumarate mitigates disruption induced by fenpropathrin in the silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera): A metabolomics study

The silkworm Bombyx mori L. is a model organism of the order Lepidoptera. Understanding the mechanism of pesticide resistance in silkworms is valuable for Lepidopteran pest control. In this study, comparative metabolomics was used to analyze the metabolites of 2 silkworm strains with different pesticide resistance levels at 6, 12, and 24 h after feeding with fenpropathrin. Twenty-six of 27 metabolites showed significant differences after fenpropathrin treatment and were classified into 6 metabolic pathways: glycerophospholipid metabolism, sulfur metabolism, glycolysis, amino acid metabolism, the urea cycle, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. After analyzing the percentage changes in the metabolic pathways at the 3 time points, sulfur metabolism, glycolysis, and the TCA cycle showed significant responses to fenpropathrin. Confirmatory experiments were performed by feeding silkworms with key metabolites of the 3 pathways. The combination of iron(II) fumarate + folic acid (IF-FA) enhanced fenpropathrin resistance in silkworms 6.38 fold, indicating that the TCA cycle is the core pathway associated with resistance. Furthermore, the disruption of several energy-related metabolic pathways caused by fenpropathrin was shown to be recovered by IF-FA in vitro. Therefore, IF-FA may have a role in boosting silkworm pesticide resistance by modulating the equilibrium between the TCA cycle and its related metabolic pathways.     

多药耐药菌感染重症肺炎患者预后的危险因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨多药耐药菌感染重症肺炎患者预后的危险因素。方法：选取本院2019年5月至2022年5月收治的198例重症肺炎患者,根据患者在ICU住院期间是否死亡分为存活组（121例）和死亡组（77例）。对重症肺炎患者多药耐药菌感染情况,多药耐药G⁺耐药情况,多药耐药G^-耐药情况进行分析,对影响多药耐药菌感染重症肺炎患者预后危险因素的单因素分析,将单因素分析中差异有统计学意义的变量进行多因素Logistic回归分析,筛选影响多药耐药菌感染重症肺炎患者预后的危险因素。结果：198例重症肺炎患者中,多药耐药菌感染患者60例,占比30.30 %,共分离出病原菌290株,其中多药耐药菌65株,占比22.41 %,其中占比比较高的有鲍曼不动杆菌（23.08 %）、铜绿假单胞菌（20.00 %）、金黄色葡萄球菌（20.00 %）、肠炎克雷伯菌（10.77 %）;重症肺炎患者多药耐药G⁺对青霉素、克林霉素、红霉素等具有较高的耐药性,而对万古霉素、替考拉宁、替加环素较为敏感;重症肺炎患者多重耐药G^-对多种抗菌药物均表现出耐药性,其中对头孢他啶、头孢吡肟等具有较高的耐药性;单因素分析结果显示,死亡组患者中男性、年龄≥70岁、APACHEⅡ评分≥26分、有创通气的患者占比显著高于存活组,碳青霉烯类抗生素使用的患者占比显著低于存活组（均P<0.05）,两组患者肺部基础疾病、脑血管疾病、高血压、联合使用其他抗生素的占比,以及两组患者机械通气时间比较无差异（均P>0.05）;纳入多因素非条件Logistic回归模型分析显示,男性、年龄≥70岁、APACHEⅡ评分≥26分、有创通气为多药耐药菌感染重症肺炎患者预后的危险因素（OR=1.568、1.203、2.812、1.674,均P<0.05）,而碳青霉烯类抗生素使用是多药耐药菌感染重症肺炎患者预后的保护因素（OR=0.542,P<0.05）。结论：多药耐药菌感染重症肺炎患者的主要菌株为鲍曼不动杆菌,且男性、年龄≥70岁、APACHEⅡ评分≥26分、有创通气为多药耐药菌感染重症肺炎患者预后的危险因素,而碳青霉烯类抗生素使用是多药耐药菌感染重症肺炎患者预后的保护因素。     

Approaches to breeding for salinity tolerance - a case study on Porteresia coarctata

Cereals are the world's major source of food for human nutrition. Among these, rice (Oryza sativa) is the most prominent and represents the staple diet for more than two-fifths (2.4 billion) of the world's population, making it the most important food crop of the developing world (Anon., 2000a). Rice production in vast stretches of coastal areas is hampered due to high soil salinity. This is because rice is a glycophyte and it does not grow well under saline conditions. In order to increase rice production in these areas there is a need to develop rice varieties suited to saline environments. Research has shown that Porteresia coarctata, a highly salt tolerant wild relative of rice growing in estuarine soils, is an important material for transferring salt tolerant characteristics to rice. It is quite possible that Porteresia may be used as a parent for evolving better and truly salt resistant varieties. The inadequate results and the difficulties associated with conventional breeding techniques necessitate the use of the tools of crop biotechnology in unravelling some of the characteristics of Porteresia that have been highlighted in this report. In view of the limited resources available for increasing salinity tolerance to the breeders to wild rice germplasm, Porteresia is undoubtedly one of the key source species for elevating salinity tolerance in cultivated rice.     

THE FEASIBILITY OF USING VERTICAL-LOOKING RADAR TO MONITOR THE MIGRATION OF BROWN PLANTHOPPER AND OTHER INSECT PESTS OF RICE IN CHINA

Abstract The recent development of automatically operating, inexpensive vertical-looking radar (VLR) for entomological purposes has made it practical to carry out routine, automated monitoring of insect aerial migration throughout the year. In this paper we investigate whether such radars might have a role in monitoring and forecasting schemes designed to improve the management of the Brown Planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens , and of associated rice pest species in China. A survey of the literature revealed that these insects typically migrate at altitudes between 300 to 2 000 m above ground level, but calculations based on BPH radar scattering cross-sections indicated that the maximum altitude at which they individually produce signals analysable by current VLRs is only ˜ 240 m. We also show that coverage over most of the flight altitudes of BPH could be achieved by building a VLR using a wavelength of 8.8 mm instead of the 3.2 cm of existing VLR, but that such a radar would be expensive to build and to operate. We suggest that a more practical solution would be to use a 3.2 cm VLR as a monitor of the aerial movement of the larger species, from which the migration of rice pests in general might be inferred.     

Physiological and Molecular Basis of Susceptibility and Tolerance of Rice Plants to Complete Submergence

Rice plants are much damaged by several days of total submergence.The effect can be a serious problem for rice farmers in therainfed lowlands of Asia, and runs contrary to a widespreadbelief amongst plant biologists that rice is highly tolerantof submergence. This article assesses the characteristics ofthe underwater environment that may damage rice plants, examinesvarious physiological mechanisms of injury, and reviews recentprogress achieved using linkage mapping to locate quantitativetraits loci (QTL) for tolerance inherited from a submergence-tolerantcultivar FR13A. Progress towards identifying the gene(s) involvedthrough physical mapping of a dominant tolerance locus on chromosome9 is also summarized. Available physiological evidence pointsaway from responses to oxygen shortage as being inextricablyinvolved in submergence injury. An imbalance between productionand consumption of assimilates is seen as being especially harmful,and is exacerbated by strongly accelerated leaf extension andleaf senescence that are ethylene-mediated and largely absentfrom FR13A and related cultivars. DNA markers for a major QTLfor tolerance are shown to be potentially useful in breedingprogrammes designed to improve submergence tolerance.     

Construction and characterization of two rice bacterial artificial chromosome libraries from the parents of a permanent recombinant inbred mapping population

Rice is a leading grain crop and the staple food for over half of the world population. Rice is also an ideal species for genetic and biological studies of cereal crops and other monocotyledonous plants because of its small genome and well developed genetic system. To facilitate rice genome analysis leading to physical mapping, the identification of molecular markers closely linked to economic traits, and map-based cloning, we have constructed two rice bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries from the parents of a permanent mapping population (Lemont and Teqing) consisting of 400 F9 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Lemont (japonica) and Teqing (indica) represent the two major genomes of cultivated rice, both are leading commercial varieties and widely used germplasm in rice breeding programs. The Lemont library contains 7296 clones with an average insert size of 150 kb, which represents 2.6 rice haploid genome equivalents. The Teqing library contains 14208 clones with an average insert size of 130 kb, which represents 4.4. rice haploid genome equivalents. Three single-copy DNA probes were used to screen the libraries and at least two overlapping BAC clones were isolated with each probe from each library, ranging from 45 to 260 kb in insert size. Hybridization of BAC clones with chloroplast DNA probes and fluorescent in situ hybridization using BAC DNA as probes demonstrated that both libraries contain very few clones of chloroplast DNA origin and are likely free of chimeric clones. These data indicate that both BAC libraries should be suitable for map-based cloning of rice genes and physical mapping of the rice genome.     

渗透胁迫下稻苗中铁催化的膜脂过氧化作用

在－０．７ＭＰａ渗透胁迫下,水稻幼苗体内和Ｈ２Ｏ２大量产生,Ｆｅ２＋积累,膜脂过氧化作用加剧。水稻幼苗体内Ｆｅ２＋含量与膜脂过氧化产物ＭＤＡ含量呈极显著的正相关。外源Ｆｅ２＋、Ｆｅ３＋、Ｈ２Ｏ２、Ｆｅ２＋＋Ｈ２Ｏ２、ＤＤＴＣ均能刺激膜脂过氧化作用,而铁离子的螯合剂ＤＴＰＡ则有缓解作用。ＯＨ的清除剂苯甲酸钠和甘露醇能明显地抑制渗透胁迫下Ｆｅ２＋催化的膜脂过氧化作用。这都表明渗透胁迫下水稻幼苗体内铁诱导的膜脂过氧化作用主要是由于其催化Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ型Ｈａｂｅｒ－Ｗｅｉｓｓ反应形成ＯＨ所致。     

水稻蜡质基因5＇上游区缺失对基因表达的影响

为研究水稻蜡质基因（ｗａｘｙ）５＇上游调控区中存在的顺式作用元件,我们将水稻ｗａｘｙ基因翻译起始声、（ＡＴＧ）５＇上游３．４ｋｂ（－２１１８～＋１２９１ｂＰ）片段经外切核酸酶ＥｘｏⅢ部分酶解,得到一系列５＇端缺失的片段。将这些缺失片段分别与ｇｕｓ基因编码区连接,构建成融合质粒,经ＰＥＧ介导引入水稻原生质体,２６℃培养４８ｈ后,定量测定ＧＵＳ酶活力,并以同时导入的由３５Ｓ启动子指导的荧光素酶（ＬＵＣ）基因表达的酶活力作为内对照。结果表明,ＧＵＳ酶活性随５’上游调控区长度的减少而逐渐减弱。由─８６１ｂｐ缺失至─６４０ｂＰ时,ｇｕｓ基因表达水平有较明显的降低,推测在该区域中可能存在一个顺式作用元件区。