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排序方式: 共有302条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
91.
Scott Godwin Alicia Kang Lisa-Maree Gulino Mike Manefield Maria-Luisa Gutierrez-Zamora Marco Kienzle Diane Ouwerkerk Kerri Dawson Athol V Klieve 《The ISME journal》2014,8(9):1855-1865
Kangaroos ferment forage material in an enlarged forestomach analogous to the rumen, but in contrast to ruminants, they produce little or no methane. The objective of this study was to identify the dominant organisms and pathways involved in hydrogenotrophy in the kangaroo forestomach, with the broader aim of understanding how these processes are able to predominate over methanogenesis. Stable isotope analysis of fermentation end products and RNA stable isotope probing (RNA-SIP) were used to investigate the organisms and biochemical pathways involved in the metabolism of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the kangaroo forestomach. Our results clearly demonstrate that the activity of bacterial reductive acetogens is a key factor in the reduced methane output of kangaroos. In in vitro fermentations, the microbial community of the kangaroo foregut produced very little methane, but produced a significantly greater proportion of acetate derived from carbon dioxide than the microbial community of the bovine rumen. A bacterial operational taxonomic unit closely related to the known reductive acetogen Blautia coccoides was found to be associated with carbon dioxide and hydrogen metabolism in the kangaroo foregut. Other bacterial taxa including members of the genera Prevotella, Oscillibacter and Streptococcus that have not previously been reported as containing hydrogenotrophic organisms were also significantly associated with metabolism of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the kangaroo forestomach. 相似文献
92.
Reductive amination of 5-formyl-3′,5′-di-O-acetyl-2′-deoxyuridine with primary amines and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (NaBH(OAc)3) afforded novel enamine derivatives of 5,6-dihydro-2′-deoxyuridine as a result of unexpected 1,4-conjugate reduction of intermediate Schiff bases in addition to the secondary amine derivatives of 2′-deoxyuridine, typical 1,2-reduction products. 相似文献
93.
Patricia J. S. Colberg 《Geomicrobiology journal》2013,30(3-4):147-165
Despite recent progress made in describing microbial transformations that occur under anaerobic conditions, our understanding of the role sulfate‐reducing bacteria may play in the remediation of environmental contaminants is still very limited. The objective of this mini‐review is to summarize what is currently known of the metabolism of chlorinated aromatic compounds in the presence of sulfate. Sulfidogenic processes are discussed with respect to the thermodynamics of haloaromatic oxidation and to their potential use in the in situ bioremediation of hazardous organic wastes. A comprehensive listing is made of anaerobic transformations that involve both halogenated and nonhalogenated monoaromatic substrates by denitrifiers, dissimilatory iron‐reducing bacteria, and methanogenic consortia. In contrast to other anaerobic processes, studies involving sulfate‐mediated metabolism of hazardous organic compounds have been neglected; however, the recent success in defining methanogenic transformations, in particular, has enhanced expectations of defining an analogous role for sulfate‐reducing microbial communities in low redox environments that have become contaminated with hazardous substances. 相似文献
94.
《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(7):1268-1274
A microbial consortium that reductively dechlorinates trichloroethene, cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) to ethene with methanogenesis was enriched from chloroethene-contaminated soil from Japan. Dechlorination activity was maintained for over 4 years. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis targeting the “Dehalococcoides” 16S rRNA gene, four strains were detected. Their growth and dechlorination activities were classified into two types: one that grows by converting cis-DCE to ethene and the other that grows by converting cis-DCE to VC. Then, the vcrA and bvcA genes encoding cis-DCE/VC reductive dehalogenases were detected. Inhibitors of methanogenesis (2-bromoethanesulfonate) and sulfidogenesis (molybdate) led to accumulation of cis-DCE and of VC respectively. These results suggest that methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria can play a significant role in dechlorination by “Dehalococcoides.” 相似文献
95.
96.
Effect of Fe-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles on Sphingomonas sp. PH-07 and a nano-bio hybrid process for triclosan degradation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this study, we have evaluated the effect of palladium-iron bimetallic nanoparticles (nFe-Pd) on diphenyl ether (DE) degrading bacterial strain Sphingomonas sp. PH-07 as well as a sequential nano-bio hybrid process with nFe-Pd as catalytic reductant and PH-07 as biocatalyst for degradation of triclosan. Strain PH-07 grew well in the presence of nFe-Pd up to 0.1 g/L in minimal salts medium with DE as carbon source. In aqueous system, TCS (17.3 μM) was completely dechlorinated within 2 h by nFe-Pd (0.1 g/L) with concomitant release of 2-phenoxyphenol (16.8 μM) and chloride ions (46 μM). All possible dichloro- and monochloro-2-phenoxyphenol intermediates were identified by HPLC and GC-MS analyses, and the dechlorination pathway was proposed. Addition of PH-07 cells into the reactor effectively degraded the 2-phenoxyphenol. Our results reveal that strain PH-07 survives well in the presence of nFe-Pd and nFe-Pd/PH-07 hybrid treatment could be a potential strategy for degradation of TCS. 相似文献
97.
A suite of experiments were conducted to ascertain whether dehalogenation of a model dioxin compound could be stimulated in marine sediments by supplementation with halogenated analogues to enrich for dehalogenating bacteria and if growth by members of the Chloroflexi-like group was associated with dioxin removal. Five halogenated compounds (tetrachlorobenzene, tetrachloroanisole, tetrachlorophenol, tetrachlorobenzoic acid and trichloroacetophenone) were added with 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TeCDD) to estuarine sediments from four sites in San Diego Bay and the coast of southern New Jersey to test for dioxin dehalogenation. Most of the halogenated additives were found to stimulate dechlorination of the model dioxin. Molecular analysis of the bacterial population using 16S rRNA and reductive dehalogenase genes indicated that distinct microbial populations were enriched with each halogenated co-amendment. Additionally, Chloroflexi-like ribosomal genes associated with dehalogenation were detected. For example, quantitative real-time PCR analysis of 16S rRNA and reductive dehalogenase gene copy number in the microcosms showed a positive correlation with 1,2,3,4-TeCDD reductive dechlorination in coastal sediments amended with different halogenated additives. These results suggest that specific Chloroflexi-like microorganisms related to Dehalococcoides are involved in 1,2,3,4-TeCDD reductive dechlorination. 相似文献
98.
目的 锻炼是延缓衰老的有效策略,本工作的目的在于探索锻炼是如何在细胞器水平影响内质网的氧化还原状态,以及内质网氧化还原状态是否影响个体衰老。方法 利用定位于内质网响应过氧化氢的Hyperion探针检测线虫衰老过程中及经过游泳运动后体壁肌肉内质网的氧化还原状态。通过在线虫内质网中特异过表达哺乳动物过氧化氢酶的同源基因ctl-1构建内质网特异的还原应激模型,研究了内质网还原应激对个体衰老的影响。线虫的健康状态以线虫寿命、身体摆动次数及对压力的响应能力为判断指标进行表征。结果 用HyperionER探针检测发现,衰老线虫的内质网中过氧化氢水平相比与年轻线虫显著降低,表明内质网在衰老过程中发生了还原应激。线虫经过短时90 min游泳运动及长时期4 d (3次+3次+2次+2次,90 min/次)的游泳运动都可以增加内质网的氧化力。相比于对照,内质网还原应激的线虫寿命缩短,身体摆动次数降低,应对压力的响应能力下降,表明内质网还原应激加速线虫衰老。进一步研究发现,长时期的锻炼可以提高内质网的氧化力,缓解衰老相关的内质网还原应激,经过锻炼的第8天的线虫运动活力显著高于未锻炼的第... 相似文献
99.
YenJung Sean Lai Aura Ontiveros-Valencia Tamer Coskun Chen Zhou Bruce E. Rittmann 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2019,116(6):1439-1448
Chloroform (CF) can undergo reductive dechlorination to dichloromethane, chloromethane, and methane. However, competition for hydrogen (H2), the electron-donor substrate, may cause poor dechlorination when multiple electron acceptors are present. Common acceptors in anaerobic environments are nitrate (NO3−), sulfate (SO42−), and bicarbonate (HCO3−). We evaluated CF dechlorination in the presence of HCO3− at 1.56 e− Eq/m2-day, then NO3− at 0.04–0.15 e− Eq/m2-day, and finally NO3− (0.04 e− Eq/m2-day) along with SO42− at 0.33 e− Eq/m2-day in an H2-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR). When the biofilm was initiated with CF-dechlorination conditions (no NO3− or SO42−), it yielded a CF flux of 0.14 e− Eq/m2-day and acetate production via homoacetogenesis up to 0.26 e− eq/m2-day. Subsequent addition of NO3− at 0.05 e− Eq/m2-day maintained full CF dechlorination and homoacetogenesis, but NO3− input at 0.15 e− Eq/m2-day caused CF to remain in the reactor's effluent and led to negligible acetate production. The addition of SO42− did not affect CF reduction, but SO42− reduction significantly altered the microbial community by introducing sulfate-reducing Desulfovibrio and more sulfur-oxidizing Arcobacter. Dechloromonas appeared to carry out CF dechlorination and denitrification, whereas Acetobacterium (homoacetogen) may have been involved with hydrolytic dechlorination. Modifications to the electron acceptors fed to the MBfR caused the microbial community to undergo changes in structure that reflected changes in the removal fluxes. 相似文献
100.