鲤亚急性喹乙醇中毒的血液生化指标研究

在饲料中分别以 10 0 0mg/kg、2 0 0 0mg/kg、30 0 0mg/kg的喹乙醇剂量对鲤进行了亚急性毒性试验 ,并对中毒鱼进行了血液生化指标的研究 ,经 6周的试验 ,各组的发病率分别为 35 %、70 %、92 .5 % ;死亡率为 2 7.5 %、5 7.5 %、82 5 %。中毒鱼表现为特征性的“应激性出血综合症” ,且Hb含量与RBC数量减少 ,表现为贫血 ;红细胞SOD酶活性降低 ;血清AST、ALT活性升高 ,血清K+ 浓度升高 ,Na+ 浓度降低 ,表现为高血钾和低血钠症。试验组血液生化指标的变化与对照组间存在着显著 (P <0 .0 5 )或极显著的差异 (P <0 .0 1)。     

Comparison of two domoic acid-producing diatoms: a review

In the past five years, awareness of domoic acid has increased from localized problems in Canada to outbreaks along both North American coasts. The phycotoxin domoic acid causes Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) in humans and can be fatal. The known species of phytoplankton responsible for production of domoic acid include some pennate diatom species of the genus Nitzschia, sensu latu, which form stepped chains typical of the Pseudonitzschia. These diatoms are widely distributed, but their life histories and population dynamics are poorly understood. This review addresses histories of occurrences, morphology, geographical distributions, seasonal patterns, growth requirements, domoic acid production, and trophic interactions, with emphasis on a comparison of Pseudonitzschia pungens f. multiseries (Hasle) Hasle and Pseudonitzschia australis Frenguelli. Through continued research it will become possible to provide guidelines for regulatory agencies that protect both the consumer and the seafood industry.     

Establishment of highly specific and quantitative immunoassay systems for staphylococcal enterotoxin A, B, and C using newly-developed monoclonal antibodies

Staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) activities remain after boiling or treating with proteases. The main symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea, are caused by the ingestion of SEs. Among SEs, SEA has been reported to be the major and most toxic protein. A highly specific and simple assay system is required to diagnose staphylococcal food poisoning. Therefore, the development of a suitable assay system is strongly anticipated. In this study, we have established a highly specific and sensitive avidin-biotin sandwich ELISA (ABS-ELISA) system for SEA, SEB, and SEC1 using newly-developed monoclonal antibodies. The linearity of these systems obtained was in the range of 0.78-25 ng/ml for each SE, and furthermore, the lower concentrations of SEs could also be detected. The recoveries of SEs from murine serum, skim milk solution, and raw milk were found to be over 90%, suggesting that our systems could detect SEs without any interventions, such as these from milk or serum proteins. We were also able to quantify SEs in 22 specimens of culture supernatants of S. aureus isolated in past occurrences. Our established system should be very useful not only in the clinical field but also in various fields of investigation because of its quantifi-cation and simplicity in detecting SEs.     

氟的危害及控制

环境中氟的危害是环境科学及卫生学界极为关注的问题。氟的过多吸收 ,对动植物及人体会产生危害[1 ,2 ] 。研究氟危害的表现特征及机理 ,目的是为了控制或减轻氟危害。综合评价氟的测定方法 ,在氟污染调查和环境质量评价中 ,有切实的实用价值。1　氟对植物及土壤微生物的毒害作用土壤氟污染对作物的危害是慢性积累的生理障碍过程。氟能抑制作物的新陈代谢、呼吸作用[3] 及光合作用[2 ] ,抑制新陈代谢过程中马来酸脱氢酶的活性[4] 。氟对作物的危害主要表现为干物质积累量少、产量降低、分蘖少、成穗率低、光合组织受损伤 ,出现叶尖坏死 ,叶…     

Different mechanisms of hydroxyl radical production susceptible to purine P2 receptor antagonists between carbon monoxide poisoning and exogenous ATP in rat striatum

Abstract

Previous studies have suggested that carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning stimulates cAMP production via purine P2Y11-like receptors in the rat striatum, activating cAMP signaling pathways, resulting in hydroxyl radical (^?OH) production. Extracellular ATP was thought likely to trigger the cascade, but the present study has failed to demonstrate a clear increase in the extracellular ATP due to CO poisoning. The CO-induced ^?OH production was attenuated by the P2Y11 receptor antagonist NF157, in parallel with its abilities to suppress the CO-induced cAMP production. The ^?OH production was more strongly suppressed by a non-selective P2 receptor antagonist, PPADS, which had no effect on cAMP production. More selective antagonists toward the respective P2 receptors susceptible to PPADS, including NF279, had little or no effect on the CO-induced ^?OH production. The intrastriatal administration of exogenous ATP dose-dependently stimulated ^?OH production, which was dose-dependently antagonized by PPADS and NF279 but not by NF157. Exogenous GTP and CTP dose-dependently stimulated ^?OH production, though less potently. The GTP-induced ^?OH production was susceptible to both of NF279 and PPADS, but the CTP-induced ^?OH production was resistant to PPADS. The mechanism of ^?OH production may differ between CO poisoning and exogenous ATP, while multiple P2 receptors could participate in ^?OH production. The CO-induced ^?OH production was susceptible to the inhibition of NADPH oxidase, but not xanthine oxidase. Also, the NADPH oxidase inhibition suppressed ^?OH production induced by forskolin, a stimulator of intracellular cAMP formation. It is likely that ^?OH is produced by NADPH oxidase activation via cAMP signaling pathways during CO poisoning.     

Occurrence of okadaic acid,a major diarrheic shellfish toxin,in natural populations ofDinophysis spp. from the eastern coast of North America

Okadaic acid, one of the principal toxin components implicated in cases of diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP), was identified for the first time in natural phytoplankton assemblages from North American waters. During periods in late summer when significant quantities of okadaic acid were detected in net haul samples in the lower estuary and Gulf of St Lawrence in eastern Canada, the phytoplankton community consistently contained species of the dinoflagellate genusDinophysis Ehrenberg. The presence of okadaic acid was detected by screening dinoflagellate extracts with an enzyme-linked immunological assay (ELISA); positive results were confirmed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation, followed by fluorescence detection. Okadaic acid was only found in phytoplankton samples in which the photosynthetic dinophysoid speciesD. norvegica andD. acuminata were prominent; blooms of the related heterotrophic speciesD. rotundata exhibited no trace of okadaic acid, nor other suspected DSP components.     

鼠药中毒引起消化道出血25例临床诊治分析

目的：城市中杀鼠药中毒容易被临床医师忽视,其引起消化道出血也极易误诊和漏诊,本文分析抗凝血杀鼠药中毒至消化道出血患者的临床表现和诊治方法。方法：回顾性分析2010年1月至2013年8月间我院收治的25例杀鼠药中毒并出现消化道出血病例,对其临床表现和诊治方法进行分析总结,病例均以维生素K1抗凝血方法进行治疗,并比较分析治疗前后患者的凝血酶原时间（PT）、国际正常化比率（INR）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）和出血时间（TT）等出凝血指标进行检测,并进行比较分析。结果：25例因抗凝血杀鼠药物中毒并导致消化道出血患者经维生素K1等抗凝血方法治疗患者全部治愈,消化道出血停止,凝血指标恢复正常,治疗前后患者的凝血指标存在明显差异（P〈0.05）。结论：抗凝血法对杀鼠药中毒导致消化道出血进行治疗的临床效果显著,值得推广。     

Influence of vitamin D receptor haplotypes on blood lead concentrations in environmentally exposed children of Uygur and Han populations

Objective: To explore the association between polymorphism of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and lead poisoning in Uygur and Han children in China.

Methods: The BsmI, ApaI and TaqI restriction sites of VDR genotyping were determined by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism in 443 Uygur and 469 Han children from Xinjiang province. The correlation between the polymorphism of VDR haplotypes and blood lead levels was explored.

Results: The genotype frequencies of VDR had significant differences in Han and Uygur children (p <0.01). According to VDR–BsmI, ApaI and TaqI haplotype analysis in Han children, haplotypes Atb and AtB were considerably decreased in the lead poisoning group (p <0.05) while haplotype aTb and ATb were significantly increased in the lead poisoning group (p <0.01). However, such results were not found in Uygur children (p?<?0.05).

Conclusion: A significant difference was seen in the frequency distribution of the VDR genotype among the different races. Haplotypes Atb and AtB might be protective factors while haplotypes ATb and aTb might be risk factors in Han children.     

Risk mapping of illegal poisoning of avian and mammalian predators

Wild predators are targeted if they are perceived to affect game species or domestic animals. Over the last century, the direct persecution of birds of prey and mammalian carnivores has led to their widespread decline, even local extirpations. Many such cases involved the illegal use of poisoned bait. We used 1,305 detected poisoning events and 59 biophysical variables to construct a distribution model of illegal poisoning throughout Andalusia, southern Spain. We chose this region because the largest number of poisoning events recorded in Spain were detected in Andalusia during the period 1990–2005. Our results showed greater incidence of poisoning was correlated with areas of high predator richness and high wild rabbit hunting yields. Thus, we hypothesize that wildlife managers should be able to estimate current and potential poisoning areas using frequency of poisoning events data. Managers can then focus control within those areas identified as conflict zones and establish surveillance schemes that prevent the loss of wildlife within the targeted areas. Our results have potential application in strategic planning for conservation of vulnerable high-profile species such as birds of prey and mammalian carnivores in southern Spain and other regions. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.