高温胁迫下葡萄叶片蛋白激酶的诱导形成与活性变化

以"京秀"葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.cv.Jingxiu)幼苗为试材,研究了高温胁迫激活的蛋白激酶的类型和活性.结果表明,高温胁迫10～60min明显地激活了一个分子量约为52 kD的蛋白激酶,该蛋白激酶能将凝胶中所嵌入的髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)磷酸化,在放射自显影中表现出很高的放射活性,而对凝胶中的组蛋白-Ⅲ(histone-Ⅲ)则没有这样的作用.在溶液反应体系中该蛋白激酶对MBP也表现出很高的磷酸化活性,而对histone-Ⅲ却无作用.Ca2 对其活性变化无显著影响.酪氨酸特异性蛋白磷酸酶(YOP)对该激酶的活性有显著的钝化作用.结果表明该52 kD蛋白激酶是MAPK家族中的一种.     

Purification and stability of peroxidase of African oil palm Elaies guineensis

In the previous work, after screening tropical plants (43 species) for peroxidase activity, high activity has been detected in leaves of some palms and especially African oil palm Elaeis guineensis. This palm is widely cultivated in Colombia and presents a promising source for the industrial production of peroxidase. The initial enzyme isolation included homogenization and extraction of pigments using aqueous two phase polymer system. Initially, traditional system, formed by polyethyleneglycol/K₂HPO₄, was used. The replacement of K₂HPO₄ with (NH₄)₂SO₄ allowed direct application of the salt phase with accumulated peroxidase on a Phenyl-Sepharose column. The final purification was carried out by liquid chromatography on Sephacryl S200 and DEAE-Toyopearl columns. The specific activity of the purified peroxidase measured toward guaiacol was 4300 units per mg of protein. The molecular weight and isoelectric point for palm peroxidase were 57.000 and 3.8, respectively. Palm peroxidase possesses uniquely high thermostability and is more stable in organic solvents than horseradish peroxidase is.     

Transformation of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) with a bacterial gene for choline oxidase

This report describes the first successful genetic engineering of tolerance to salt in an agriculturally important species of woody plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with the codA gene of Arthrobacter globiformis. This gene encodes choline oxidase, which catalyzes the oxidation of choline to glycinebetaine. The binary plasmid vector pGC95.091, containing a kanamycin-resistance gene (nptII), a gene for -glucuronidase (gusA) and the codA gene in its T-DNA region, was used with a disarmed strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, EHA101, to transform Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. `Jiro') by the leaf disk transformation method. The pRS95.101 plasmid that included only nptII and gusA in the T-DNA region was used as a control. We selected eight transgenic lines with one or two copies of the T-DNA after transformation with pGC95.091 (PC lines) and three lines after transformation with pRS95.101 (PR lines). The eight PC lines produced choline oxidase and glycinebetaine whereas neither was found in untransformed `Jiro' and in the control PR lines. Transgenic plants grew normally, resembling wild-type plants both in vitro and ex vitro. The activity of photosystem II in leaves of the transgenic Japanese persimmon plants under NaCl stress was determined in terms of the ratio of the variable (F _v) to the maximum (F _m) fluorescence of chlorophyll (F _v/F _m). The rate of decline in (F _v/F _m under NaCl stress was lower in the PC lines than in the control PR lines. These results demonstrated that genetic engineering of Japanese persimmon, which allowed it to accumulate glycinebetaine, enhanced the tolerance to salt stress of this plant.     

High abscission rates of damaged expanding leaves: field evidence from seedlings of a Bornean rain forest tree

Herbivore damage is known to cause the premature loss of mature leaves. However, the effects of herbivory on abscission during the early stages of leaf development remain unexplored, even though herbivores frequently prefer unlignified, immature leaves. In a field experiment, we removed 50% of the tissue from leaves at various stages of development on seedlings of Shorea hopeifolia (Dipterocarpaceae), a dominant rain forest tree in Indonesian Borneo. Four weeks following simulated herbivory, >88% of unlignified expanding leaves had been abscised, compared to only 20% of fully expanded, unlignified leaves and 0% of recently lignified, mature leaves. In a separate experiment over 9 wk, simulated herbivory did not increase abscission rates of mature leaves, even when 75% of leaf tissue was removed. Because most (58%) of S. hopeifolia seedlings under natural conditions had lost 1% or less of the tissue from their mature leaves, herbivore damage probably has little effect on the abscission of mature leaves. In contrast, the tendency for damaged expanding leaves to abscise may explain why 49% of S. hopeifolia seedlings had already lost their youngest leaf. If similar patterns occur in other species, herbivore attacks on developing leaves may contribute substantially to both leaf loss and the cumulative impact of herbivory on the growth and survival of whole plants.     

Effect of lanthanum on ion absorption in cucumber seedling leaves

Scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis were used to study the tissular distributions of elements Na, Mg, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, and Fe in leaves of cucumber seedlings in the absence or presence of La³⁺. The results showed that the atomic percentages of Na, Mg, Cl, K, and Ca were basically reduced and those of Mn and Fe were increased in the presence of La³⁺; in addition, at 0.02 mM La³⁺, the reduced or increased degrees were higher than those at 2.0 mM La³⁺. The effects of La³⁺ on ion absorption were similar to those of Ca²⁺, suggesting that the rare earth element lanthanum affects the plant physiological mechanism by regulating the Ca²⁺ level in plant cell.     

The role of calcium ions in freezing injuries of winter oilseed rape leaves. Effects of calcium channel blockers and mimesis by calcium ionophore

Calcium ionophore A23187 allowing for a calcium ion influx from an apoplast to a cytoplasm, mimicked symptoms of the frost-induced injuries in winter oilseed rape leaves, as estimated by the conductivity method. Both calcium ionophore and freezing treatment induced degradation of phosphatidylcholine. On the other hand lanthanum and gadolinum ions as well as verapamil, the inhibitors of calcium ion channels, decreased the degree of the frost-induced injuries. Lanthanum ions prevented the frost-induced degradation of PC. It is proposed that freezing alters the functioning of calcium ion channels which results in calcium ion influx into a cytosol. This in turn may lead to a degradation of cell membranes.     

悬铃木落叶的化学调控

悬铃木落叶的化学调控李恩胡晓倩王义彰朱胜东周守标（安徽师范大学生物系,芜湖２４１０００）ＣｈｅｍｉｃａｌＡｄｊｕｓｔｍｅｎｔａｎｄＣｏｎｔｒｏｌｏｆＤｅｃｉｄｕｏｕｓＬｅａｖｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＰｌａｎｅＴｒｅｅ．ＬｉＥｎ,ＨｕＸｉａｏｑｉａｎ,ＷａｎｇＹ...     

杜仲叶绿原酸的提取，分离和鉴定

杜仲叶绿原酸的提取、分离和鉴定＠戚向阳＠张声华￥华中农业大学食品科学系杜仲叶;绿原酸;提取;鉴定杜仲叶绿原酸的提取、分离和鉴定戚向阳张声华（华中农业大学食品科学系,武汉４３００７０）Ｔｈｅｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎ,ｉｓｏｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔ...     

箬叶多糖的分离纯化及其理化性质的研究

采用分步提取的方式从中药箬叶中分离得到８种多糖组分：酸性杂多糖ＦＳ、ＦＥ、ＦⅠ,β－Ｄ－葡萄糖醛酸聚糖ＦⅡ和四种半纤维素多糖α－Ｄ－木聚糖ＦⅢ－ａ、ＦⅢ－ｂ、ＦⅣ－ａ及ＦⅣ－ｂ．紫外光谱、红外光谱、凝胶色谱、元素分析等结果表明８种箬叶多糖为纯品．并采用纸层析,气相色谱分析确定其单糖组成．采用高效凝胶渗透色谱ＧＰＣ法测定了４种箬叶多糖ＦＥ、ＦⅠ、ＦⅢ－ａ及ＦⅣ－ａ的重均分子量Ｍｗ、数均分子量Ｍｎ,均为大分子,分子量分布较窄,纯度较高．