狗静脉注射高渗溶液后的血流动力学分析

在15只戊巴比妥钠麻醉的开胸狗身上观察高渗溶液对血流动力学的影响,主要结果如下:1.静脉内注射50%葡萄糖溶液(3m1/kg,15s 内注毕),规律地引起心动徐缓、动脉血压降低、左心室(-dp/dt)减小、左心室 dp/dt 和心输出量增加,以及肾和股薄肌的血流阻力降低。25%甘露醇溶液具有类似作用。2.切断两侧颈迷走神经后,注射高渗溶液不再能诱发动脉低血压以及肾和股薄肌血流阻力的反射性降低,提示此类效应的传入通路主要为迷走神经。3.在切断迷走神经后注射高渗溶液,还使左心室 dp/dt 进一步增加,表明高渗溶液增强心肌收缩性。根据以上结果似可认为,静脉注射高渗溶液所致动脉血压降低,实质上反映着心输出量的增加不足以抵销外周阻力的减小。     

Potentiation by calcium ions of the antithrombin III inhibition of thrombin

Calcium ions potentiated heparin-modulated antithrombin III inhibition of amidolysis catalysed by thrombin. Potentiation by calcium ions of heparin-independent antithrombin III inhibition of thrombin activity appeared to contribute to this effect. These results suggest a complex modulatory role for calcium ions in proteinase-catalysed reactions influenced by anti-proteinases and glycosaminoglycans.     

Nucleotide sequence of the genes for β and ε subunits of proton-translocating ATPase from Escherichia coli

The 1855-nucleotide long DNA sequence of part of the gene cluster for the proton-translocating ATPase from $\text{E. coli}$ was determined by the method of Maxam-Gilbert. The sequence covers the genes for the β and ε subunits of F₁ along with the flanking region. The amino acid sequence of these subunits deduced from the nucleotide sequence indicates that the β and ε subunits have 459 and 138 amino acids, respectively. The possible secondary structure of the both subunits was estimated from the deduced primary structures. A possible nucleotide binding site in the β subunit is also discussed on the basis of the primary and secondary structures. The codons used in the genes for all the components of F₁F₀ were different in different genes, suggesting that the amount of each subunit in the F₁F₀ is determined to some extent on a translational level.     

Cardiodynamic response to psychological and cold pressor stress: Further evidence for stimulus response specificity and directional fractionation

In the present study 36 police officers were exposed to a psychological stressor (IQ quiz) and to cold pressor stress while several cardiovascular variables were monitored. Impedance cardiography was used to provide measures of heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, myocardial contractility, and total peripheral resistance. In addition, measures of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and peripheral skin temperature were obtained. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated that significant increases in diastolic and systolic blood pressure during the cold pressor test were mediated by large increases in total peripheral resistance, whereas blood pressure elevation during the IQ quiz were accompanied by significant increases in heart rate and, to a lesser extent, cardiac output. Peripheral skin temperature decreased in response to each stressor. Additional analysis indicated a degree of stimulus specificity for several variables. For example, diastolic blood pressure showed greater increases to cold pressor than quiz, whereas systolic blood pressure increased more with the psychological than the physical stressor. Directional fractionation occurred for both myocardial contractility and cardiac output.     

Long-term expression of gene introduction into normal human T-lymphocytes by retroviral-mediated gene transfer

Human T-lymphocytes are long lived, easily accessible, mature, and capable of proliferation. They are theoretically a suitable target for retroviral mediated gene transfer. To test this hypothesis, normal human T-cells obtained from bone marrow and peripheral blood were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and infected 24 h later with the retroviral vector N2 which carries the bacterial neo gene. T-lymphocytes were propagated in culture for up to 14 weeks with interleukin-2 (IL-2). Analysis by whole cell RNA dot/blot using a single stranded RNA probe demonstrated persistent expression of the neo gene. Preliminary functional studies revealed that both helper and suppressor functions were preserved in the infected cells in culture. These results demonstrate that normal T-cells are capable of long-term expression of genes introduced by retroviral mediated gene transfer and are potential target cells for somatic gene therapy.     

In vitro meristem culture of M.4 apple (Malus pumila Mill.). I. Optimal nutrient medium

Shoot tips of M.4 apple clone were excised from actively growing one year-old stoolbed branches, and cultured in order to determine the optimal nutrient medium for each stage of their in vitro culture. The basal medium (BM) used was that described by Murashige and Skoog, supplemented with vitamins, glycine, myoinositol, sucrose, with or without agar, and different combinations of plant growth regulators. Best media for each stage were: BM+0.5 mg 1^-1 indole-3yl-butyric acid (IBA)+0.5 mg 1^-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) for explant establishment (Stage I); BM+0.1 mg 1^-1 IBA+1.0 mg 1^-1 BAP for multiplication and internode enlargement (Stage II); and 2.0 mg 1^-1 IBA+0.1 mg 1^-1 BAP without agar for the rooting of the plantlets (Stage III).     

Effect of concanavalin a on ganglioside metabolism of human lymphocytes

The effect of Con-A on the incorporation of radioactivity from [¹⁴C]-glucosamine into gangliosides of human lymphocytes was investigated. Compared with non-stimulated lymphocytes there was increased incorporation into gangliosides and total lipids within the first 24 hours of exposure to Con-A. Ganglioside synthesis also occurred in later time intervals within the 96 hour incubation period. GM3 accounted for 80% of the labeled ganglioside in Con-A stimulated cells at all times studied. Thus ganglioside synthesis is not only associated with cellular division, but also occurs within a few hours of lymphocyte activation representing an extremely early prereplicative event.     

A mechanism coordinating root elongation,endodermal differentiation,redox homeostasis and stress response

Root growth relies on both cell division and cell elongation, which occur in the meristem and elongation zones, respectively. SCARECROW (SCR) and SHORT-ROOT (SHR) are GRAS family genes essential for root growth and radial patterning in the Arabidopsis root. Previous studies showed that SCR and SHR promote root growth by suppressing cytokinin response in the meristem, but there is evidence that SCR expressed beyond the meristem is also required for root growth. Here we report a previously unknown role for SCR in promoting cell elongation. Consistent with this, we found that the scr mutant accumulated a higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the elongation zone, which is probably due to decreased expression of peroxidase gene 3, which consumes hydrogen peroxide in a reaction leading to Casparian strip formation. When the oxidative stress response was blocked in the scr mutant by mutation in ABSCISIC ACID 2 (ABA2) or when the redox status was ameliorated by the upbeat 1 (upb1) mutant, the root became significantly longer, with longer cells and a larger and more mitotically active meristem. Remarkably, however, the stem cell and radial patterning defects in the double mutants still persisted. Since ROS and peroxidases are essential for endodermal differentiation, these results suggest that SCR plays a role in coordinating cell elongation, endodermal differentiation, redox homeostasis and oxidative stress response in the root. We also provide evidence that this role of SCR is independent of SHR, even though they function similarly in other aspects of root growth and development.