玉米灵芝菌粮营养成分及加工特性变化研究

玉米作为主要的杂粮谷物,营养价值高,维生素、膳食纤维等含量丰富,可以预防多种亚健康疾病,受到市场追捧。但是玉米粉营养结构不均衡、加工性差,限制其应用。有研究表明,微生物发酵技术可以改善谷物的营养成分、大分子物质结构和加工特性。基于此,利用灵芝固态发酵玉米,得到玉米灵芝菌粮（简称菌粮）,从营养成分、大分子物质结构和加工特性3个方面对其进行评价。结果显示,与未发酵玉米相比,菌粮中碳水化合物、蛋白质含量分别提高了748%、28.00%,且蛋白质的氨基酸评分提高,而脂肪含量降低了52.56%;维生素C、核黄素和烟酸含量均显著提高（P<0.05）,分别提高了56.19%、73.91%和20.27%,且玉米中缺乏的硫胺素在菌粮中被检测到;菌粮中各类淀粉和纤维的含量也发生了显著变化（P<0.05）,淀粉、支链淀粉含量分别降低了11.17%、34.70%,直链淀粉含量提高了26.66%,粗纤维、不溶性膳食纤维含量分别降低了21.07%、21.47%,可溶性膳食纤维含量提高了13.57%;菌粮粉粘度降低,水溶性指数提高,吸水性指数和溶胀力降低;此外,与灵芝子实体相比,菌粮中灵芝三萜和灵芝酸含量均显著提高（P<0.05）,分别为灵芝子实体的1.68和2.07倍。灵芝固态发酵玉米得到的玉米灵芝菌粮,营养结构更加均衡,功能活性提高,具有更高的营养价值;大分子物质结构发生改变,加工特性得到改善,冲调特性更好。研究结果为食用菌发酵改良谷物特性的研究提供了参考和指导。     

双斑蟋营养成分分析及评价

由于具有较好的营养价值以及较高的食物转化效率,食用昆虫特别是蟋蟀受到普遍关注。在双斑蟋（Gryllus bimaculatus,GB）营养成分测定的基础上,对比家蟋（Acheta domesticus,AD）和黑蟋（Gryllus testaceus,GT）的营养及含量,分析评价了双斑蟋的使用价值。结果显示：双斑蟋水分含量71.0%、粗蛋白含量58.60%（干重）、粗脂肪含量28.90%（干重）、粗纤维含量7.23%（干重）、灰分4.93%（干重）;蛋白含量与黑蟋相当而高于家蟋,粗脂肪和灰分含量要高于家蟋和黑蟋;双斑蟋含有17种氨基酸,总氨基酸含量51.03%（干重）,必需氨基酸含量24.76%（干重）、占总氨基酸的48.3%,氨基酸含量低于其他两种蟋蟀;双斑蟋中常量元素含量最高的为钾（6 416 mg/kg,干重）、含量最低的是钙（92 mg/kg,干重）,微量元素中锌含量较高（241 mg/kg,干重）;双斑蟋油脂中不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量为65.33%,以亚油酸（37.05%）和油酸（25.86%）为主、饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸（25.44%）和硬脂酸（8.74%）为主。双斑蟋的脂肪酸组成、含量与家蟋相近,而与黑蟋的脂肪酸组成差别较大,三种蟋蟀中含量最高的饱和脂肪酸为棕榈酸,而含量最高的不饱和酸为亚油酸。结果表明,双斑蟋的必需氨基酸组成符合FAO/WHO推荐的氨基酸构成比例的蛋白条件,具有较高的营养价值和食用价值。     

Short communication: Single tube allele specific (STAS) PCR for direct determination of the mutation in the porcine ryanodine receptor gene associated with malignant hyperthermia

The ability to add or delete specific genes in swine will likely provide considerable benefits not just to agriculture but also to medicine, where pigs have potential as models for human disease and as organ donors. Here we have transferred nuclei from a genetically modified fibroblast cell line to porcine oocytes, matured in vitro under defined culture conditions, to create piglets expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein. The nuclear transfer-derived piglets were of normal size, although some mild symptoms of “large offspring syndrome” were evident. These experiments represent a next step towards creating swine with more useful genetic modifications.     

Proteomics in translational cancer research: biomarker discovery for clinical applications

This special focus issue of Expert Review of Proteomics invites key opinion leaders to report their recent findings and views on the important topic of translating potential proteomic biomarkers to clinically useful, regulator-approved biomarkers: a challenging journey. The issue also highlights the difficulties associated with and the way forward in the discovery of proteomic cancer biomarkers for clinical applications, as well as presenting recent original research in the field.     

Homogeneous Fluorescence Assays for RNA Diagnosis by Pyrene-Conjugated 2′- O -Methyloligoribonucleotides

We developed a bispyrene-conjugated 2 ′-O-methyloligoribonucleotide as an RNA-specific RNA-probe. The probe hybridized with the complementary RNA, greatly enhancing fluorescence and discriminating RNA from DNA. The assay was carried out in homogeneous aqueous media without removing the unbound probe from the detection solution. This homogeneous fluorescence assay also discriminated mismatch sequences in the target RNA. These pyrene probes could possess high potential to detect RNA in biological specimens simply.     

Continuous health monitoring: integrating biomarkers for the management of chronic diseases

With the recent progresses of the information and communication technologies, biosensors and nanotechnologies, the access to continuing health monitoring is becoming real. The development of efficient, accurate and interactive solutions integrating biomarkers for continuing health monitoring might contribute to an improved care of some chronic diseases like hypertension, diabetes or heart failure. Continuing health monitoring might also enhance the efficiency and safety of patient’s treatments.     

Clinical implication of pretreatment neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in soft tissue sarcoma

Introduction: Elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio has been identified as a prognostic indicator in malignancies whereas; its association with extremity and trunk soft tissue sarcoma remain unclear. The aim of this study is to determine the utility of full blood neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in preoperative diagnosis and its predictive value for survival in patients managed for soft tissue sarcoma of the trunk and extremities.

Method: 223 patients who presented with a soft tissue tumor were retrospectively reviewed. The study period was from January 2002–December 2009. Preoperative NLR as well as demographics, clinical and histopathological data were analysed.

Results: Full blood NLR was significantly higher in patient with a soft tissue sarcoma compared to benign soft tissue tumors (p < 0.001). Cox regression analysis demonstrated that elevated NLR >5 (p < 0.05) may be an adverse prognostic factor for Overall Survival.

Conclusion: The preoperative NLR is a simple, investigation predicting the preoperative diagnosis of a soft tissue sarcoma and a predictor of worse overall survival for patient with a soft tissue sarcoma.     

Risk,parental autonomy and the epistemic divide: preimplantation genetic diagnosis in the Australian print news media, 1990–2007

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a reproductive/genetic technology which has become the subject of public and scholarly debate because it involves the evaluation and consequent selection (and implantation) or destruction of human embryos. This research investigates the way PGD is constituted in the Australian print news media. Foucauldian discourse analysis reveals that proponents draw on their direct knowledge and experience of PGD to support their claims. There is an epistemic divide between consumers and others claiming direct knowledge, and critics and others drawing on indirect or abstract understandings of PGD. This divide characterizes the discourses present in the data and is directly linked to changes in these over the period under analysis.