云南省凤仙花属(凤仙花科)2新记录种

报道了云南省凤仙花科(Balsaminaceae)凤仙花属(Impatiens L.)植物2新记录,即睫毛萼凤仙花(I.blepharosepala Pritz.ex Diels)和红雉凤仙花(I.oxyanthera Hook.f.),并提供了形态描述及其图片,凭证标本保存于重庆三峡学院生命科学与工程学院植物标本馆。该报道的睫毛萼凤仙花花色为白色,红雉凤仙花植株茎、叶皆被微柔毛,茎有分枝,小枝细,丰富了2个物种的形态描述。     

白花猫儿菊和黄果龙葵——中国大陆两种新归化植物

该文报道了中国大陆新发现的两种归化植物:菊科的白花猫儿菊 [Hypochaeris albiflora (Kuntze)Azevêdo-Gonç. & Matzenb.]和茄科的黄果龙葵(Solanum diphyllum Linn.)。白花猫儿菊原产于南美洲,在中国的云南省昆明市盘龙区发现归化,其与同属种类的区别在于基生叶全缘或有尖齿,有时羽状浅裂至深裂,茎生叶线形,头状花序圆筒形或狭钟状,小花白色,瘦果有4棱。黄果龙葵原产于墨西哥和中美洲,在中国的云南省勐腊县发现归化,其主要识别特征为多年生常绿小灌木,上部叶常双生,大小显著不相等,成熟浆果呈亮黄色。此外,该文还简要评估了这两种归化植物的危害和入侵风险。     

海南岛异极藻属(硅藻门)中国新记录

报道了采自海南岛的异极藻属(硅藻门)中国新记录植物5种,分别为:雅德维加异极藻Gomphonema jadwigiae Lange-BertalotReichardt、假棍棒异极藻G.pseudoclavatum Lange-BertalotReichardt、假具球异极藻G.pseudosphaerophorum Ehrenberg、萨拉异极藻G.salae Lange-BertalotReichardt和乌拉圭异极藻G.uruguayense Metzeltin,Lange-BertalotGarcía-Rodríguez。对每个种的形态分类学特征进行了详细描述并与相似种进行了比较,为我国藻类分类学研究提供了基础资料。     

An island biogeographical approach to the analysis of butterfly community patterns in newly designed parks

We analyzed the butterfly communities in the newly designed city parks (area C), “newly opened habitat islands”, of Tsukuba City, central Japan. The area constituted a natural ecological experiment on the mainland for clarifying the pattern and process of faunal immigration. We compared butterfly communities in area C with those in two other areas in the light of the theory of island biogeography and the concept of generalist/specialist. Our results showed the following: (1) Fewer species were found in area C than in other areas, due largely to the absence of many specialist types, restricted and habitat specialists, and/or low density species in the area. Generalist types, widespread and habitat generalists, and/or high density species predominated in area C. (2) The difference in the species numbers among the three sections within area C could be explained by the habitat structure in and around the respective sections. (3) The densities of many species were low in area C, probably due to its man-modified habitat structure. In particular, several species occurred at extremely low densities in area C, but at high densities in other areas. (4) The internal structure of the habitat island butterfly community in area C was almost perfectly consistent with that of “quasi-equilibrium” communities that appear during the colonization of an island. Our results demonstrate that the synergetic application of the generalist/specialist concept and the island biogeography theory is effective for the understanding of the patterns and structures of habitat island communities.     

湖北新记录属植物永瓣藤种群现状及其保护

永瓣藤（ＭｏｎｉｍｏｐｅｔａｌｕｍｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅＲｅｈｄ．）为湖北省种子植物区系新记录属、种,是中国二级保护植物。通山县分布的永瓣藤为次生杉、竹、阔混交林内的伴生成分,群落生活型谱以常绿高位芽植物为主,种群空间分布格局为集群型。其生态适应为明显的偏酸性和一定的耐荫性。永瓣藤种群虽规模小,但具明显的增长型特征,有发展潜力。文中对永瓣藤生物多样性保护提出了具体的建议     

Dispersal of wild and domestic masu salmon fry (Oncorhynchus masou) in an artificial channel

The day and night pattern of upstream and downstream dispersal of masu salmon fry of wild and domestic origin was compared in artificial channels (45 m long), for two ages of planting: unfed alevins and eyed eggs. Early dispersal was important for the wild stock (48–50%) compared with the domestic one (16–36%). More wild fry moved downstream than upstream, and more domestic fry dispersed upstream. Upstream movement in wild and domestic fry was more active by day than by night, except for wild fry planted as eyed eggs, where upstream migration was higher at night. In contrast, downstream movement in wild and domestic fry was more common by night than by day, but daylight catches were not negligible for the wild stock.     

云南及邻近地区竹亚科增补

报道了云南竹亚科新记录２种,即冷箭竹和西藏香竹,归并了５个种名,它们是Ｃｈｉｍｏｎｏｃａｌａｍｕｓ ｔｏｒｔｕｏｓｕｓ Ｈｓｕｅｈ ｅｔ Ｙｉ,Ｄｅｎｄｒｏｃａｌａｍｕｓ ｆａｃｔｉｔｕｓ Ｙｉ,Ｃｈｉｍｏｎｏｂａｍｂｕｓａ ｙｕｎｎｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｈｓｕｅｈ ｅｔ Ｗ．ｐ．Ｚｈａｎｇ,Ｃｈｉｍｏｎｏｂａｍｂｕｓａ ｎｅｐｏｕｒｐｕｒｅａ Ｙｉ,Ｆｅｒｒｏｃａｌａｍｕｓ ｒｉｍｏｓｉｖａｇｉｎｕｓ     

中国红螯蛛属1新种和1新记录种（蜘蛛目：管巢蛛科）

记述了我国红螯蛛属1新种和1新记录种。纤红螯蛛,新种Chiracanthium fibrosum sp.nov.。