全文获取类型
收费全文 | 39463篇 |
免费 | 3488篇 |
国内免费 | 1259篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 74篇 |
2023年 | 586篇 |
2022年 | 643篇 |
2021年 | 1404篇 |
2020年 | 1573篇 |
2019年 | 2064篇 |
2018年 | 1669篇 |
2017年 | 1117篇 |
2016年 | 1131篇 |
2015年 | 1448篇 |
2014年 | 2377篇 |
2013年 | 2580篇 |
2012年 | 1473篇 |
2011年 | 1931篇 |
2010年 | 1396篇 |
2009年 | 1788篇 |
2008年 | 1917篇 |
2007年 | 1833篇 |
2006年 | 1824篇 |
2005年 | 1585篇 |
2004年 | 1371篇 |
2003年 | 1147篇 |
2002年 | 1047篇 |
2001年 | 742篇 |
2000年 | 696篇 |
1999年 | 558篇 |
1998年 | 604篇 |
1997年 | 538篇 |
1996年 | 585篇 |
1995年 | 554篇 |
1994年 | 550篇 |
1993年 | 471篇 |
1992年 | 487篇 |
1991年 | 431篇 |
1990年 | 405篇 |
1989年 | 366篇 |
1988年 | 308篇 |
1987年 | 308篇 |
1986年 | 254篇 |
1985年 | 301篇 |
1984年 | 307篇 |
1983年 | 163篇 |
1982年 | 276篇 |
1981年 | 215篇 |
1980年 | 199篇 |
1979年 | 192篇 |
1978年 | 129篇 |
1977年 | 128篇 |
1976年 | 118篇 |
1973年 | 84篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
The isolated blood-perfused lung preparation is widely used to visualize and define signaling in single microvessels. By coupling this preparation with real time imaging, it becomes feasible to determine permeability changes in individual pulmonary microvessels. Herein we describe steps to isolate rat lungs and perfuse them with autologous blood. Then, we outline steps to infuse fluorophores or agents via a microcatheter into a small lung region. Using these procedures described, we determined permeability increases in rat lung microvessels in response to infusions of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. The data revealed that lipopolysaccharide increased fluid leak across both venular and capillary microvessel segments. Thus, this method makes it possible to compare permeability responses among vascular segments and thus, define any heterogeneity in the response. While commonly used methods to define lung permeability require postprocessing of lung tissue samples, the use of real time imaging obviates this requirement as evident from the present method. Thus, the isolated lung preparation combined with real time imaging offers several advantages over traditional methods to determine lung microvascular permeability, yet is a straightforward method to develop and implement. 相似文献
72.
《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2014,22(11):2966-2973
Plasmalogen lysophosphatidylethanolamine (pLPE) had been identified as a self antigen for natural killer T cells (NKT cells). It is very important in the development, maturation and activation of NKT cells in thymus. Besides, pLPE is a novel type of antigen for NKT cells. To evaluate the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of this new antigen, pLPE and its analogues referred to different aliphatic chains and linkages at the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone were synthesized, and the biological activities of these analogues was characterized. It is discovered that the linkages between phosphate and lipid moiety are not important for the antigens’ activities. The pLPE analogues 1, 3, 4, 7 and 9, which have additional double bonds on lipid parts, were identified as new NKT agonists. Moreover, the analogues 4, 7 and 9 were discovered as potent Th2 activators for NKT cells. 相似文献
73.
Eiji Niwa En-Sheng Chen Satoshi Kanoh Teruo Nakayama 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(11):3067-3071
The linearity of the stress-strain relationship for food gel is limited to a very narrow range of the strain (usually less than 0.1 as a Cauchy measure). The reason is thought due to the change in cross-sectional area of the gel upon deformation. In this report, the cross-sectional area was approximately corrected of the compressed gel on the assumption that the gel expanded uniformly without changing its volume upon compression. In cases when the initial Young’s modulus was calculated from the thus-corrected area for some food gels, the linearity was increased for a wider range of strain. 相似文献
74.
《Developmental cell》2021,56(17):2516-2535.e8
75.
Kateryna Raykova Melina V. Jones Hwa Huang Paul F. Hoffman Michael Levy 《Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE》2015,(99)
The rat optic nerve is a useful model for stem cell regeneration research. Direct injection into the rat optic nerve allows delivery into the central nervous system in a minimally-invasive surgery without bone removal. This technique describes an approach to visualization and direct injection of the optic nerve following minor fascial dissection from the orbital ridge, using a conjunctival traction suture to gently pull the eye down and out. Representative examples of an injected optic nerve show successful injection of dyed beads. 相似文献
76.
《Cell》2022,185(20):3753-3769.e18
77.
Three new geranylated flavonoids, including two geranylflavones (1, 2) and one geranylflavonol (3), named as paucatalinone C–E, were isolated from the fruit peel of P. catalpifolia T. Gong ex D.Y. Hong. Their structures were determined by means of UV, IR, MS, and NMR techniques. To our known, geranylflavone or geranylflavonol was the first isolation from the genus Paulownia. These isolated geranylated flavonoids displayed good antioxidant effects on DPPH and the senescent human embryonic lung diploid fibroblasts cells (2BS cells) induced by H2O2. The geranyl substituent may be an important factor for the cellular radical-scavenging effect because of its lipophilic character. 相似文献
78.
Duygu Findik Qizhong Song Hiroyoshi Hidaka Martin Lavin 《Journal of cellular biochemistry》1995,57(1):12-21
In addition to a role for de novo protein synthesis in apoptosis we have previously shown that activation of a protein phosphatase or loss of activity of a kinase is also important in radiation-induced apoptosis in human cells [Baxter, and Lavin (1992): J Immunol 148:149–1954]. We show here that some inhibitors of protein kinases exacerbate radiation-induced apoptosis in the human cell line BM13674. The specific protein kinase A inhibitor isoquinoline sulfonamide (20 μM) gave rise to significantly increased levels of apoptosis at 2–6 h postirradiation compared to values after radiation exposure only. The same concentration of isoquinolinesulfonamide, which was effective in increasing apoptosis, reduced activity markedly. A 66% inhibition of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A activity occurred in unirradiated cells at this concentration of H89 and activity was reduced to 58% in irradiated cells. Calphostin C, a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C, at a concentration of 0.1 μM, which caused 68% inhibition of enzyme activity in irradiated cells, failed to enhance the level of radiation-induced apoptosis. Other kinase inhibitors did not lead to an additional increase in apoptosis over and above that observed after irradiation. The results obtained here provide further support for an important role for modification of existing proteins during radiation-induced apoptosis. 相似文献
79.
The excised patch clamp configuration provides a unique technique for some types of single channel analyses, but maintenance of stable, long-lasting preparations may be confounded by rundown and/or rapid loss of seal. Studies were performed on the amiloride-sensitive Na+ channel, located on the apical surface of A6 cells, to determine whether the nystatininduced open cell-attached patch could serve as an alternative configuration.Compared to excised inside-out patches, stable preparations were achieved more readily with the open cell-attached patch (9% vs. 56% of attempts). In both preparations, the current voltage (I-V) relation was linear, current amplitudes were equal at opposite equivalent clamped voltages, and E
rev was zero in symmetrical Na+ solutions, indicating similar Na+ activities on the cytosolic and external surfaces of the patch. Moreover, there was no evidence that nystatin altered channel activity in the patch because slope conductance (3–4pS) and E
rev (75 mV), when the bath was perfused with a high K:low Na solution (E
Na=80 mV), were nearly equal in both patch configurations.Our results therefore indicate that the nystatininduced open cell-attached patch can serve as an alternative approach to the excised inside-out patch when experiments require modulation of univalent ions in the cytosol.We thank Dr. Olaf S. Andersen for his suggestions in the development of the open cell-attached recording technique. This work was supported by a National Institutes of Health grant (DK-18061) 相似文献
80.
EA Dukhanina TI Lukyanova EA Romanova V Guerriero NV Gnuchev GP Georgiev DV Yashin LP Sashchenko 《Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)》2015,14(22):3635-3643
PGRP-S (Tag7) is an innate immunity protein involved in the antimicrobial defense systems, both in insects and in mammals. We have previously shown that Tag7 specifically interacts with several proteins, including Hsp70 and the calcium binding protein S100A4 (Mts1), providing a number of novel cellular functions. Here we show that Tag7–Mts1 complex causes chemotactic migration of lymphocytes, with NK cells being a preferred target. Cells of either innate immunity (neutrophils and monocytes) or acquired immunity (CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes) can produce this complex, which confirms the close connection between components of the 2 branches of immune response. 相似文献