2014 年中国医药市场发展蓝皮书——产业经济部分（Ⅰ）

分别从产业经济、医院用药及零售终端这3 个方面对2013 年中国医药行业实际现况进行统计和分析,为企业明确发展方向、确定产品研发思路及制定市场策略提供参考。     

Evaluation of a Novel Laser-assisted Coronary Anastomotic Connector - the Trinity Clip - in a Porcine Off-pump Bypass Model

To simplify and facilitate beating heart (i.e., off-pump), minimally invasive coronary artery bypass surgery, a new coronary anastomotic connector, the Trinity Clip, is developed based on the excimer laser-assisted nonocclusive anastomosis technique. The Trinity Clip connector enables simplified, sutureless, and nonocclusive connection of the graft to the coronary artery, and an excimer laser catheter laser-punches the opening of the anastomosis. Consequently, owing to the complete nonocclusive anastomosis construction, coronary conditioning (i.e., occluding or shunting) is not necessary, in contrast to the conventional anastomotic technique, hence simplifying the off-pump bypass procedure. Prior to clinical application in coronary artery bypass grafting, the safety and quality of this novel connector will be evaluated in a long-term experimental porcine off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) study. In this paper, we describe how to evaluate the coronary anastomosis in the porcine OPCAB model using various techniques to assess its quality. Representative results are summarized and visually demonstrated.     

试论微博客时代医方话语权的回归

????? 微博客的崛起促成了话语权向公众的转移,也为缺失的医方话语权回归带来了机遇和挑战。医方微博主体由医疗机构、医疗机构下属部门和医务工作者个人3部分组成,相互之间存在“同心圆”的包涵关系。在传统主流媒体主导力量被削弱的背景下,应立足于“服务”理念,通过微博平台及时传递对患者有帮助的信息;正面信息的发布和负面信息的应对侧重陈述事实而非定性评价;增强医方微博主体之间的呼应、互动,提高医务人员的媒介素养,努力实现医方话语权的回归。

     

Ethical Study on the Reform and Development of Medical and Health Services in China

At an early stage of its foundation, new China became clear about the nature of public welfare and quickly developed medical and health services, which was well received by the World Health Organization. The marketization and the reduction of input into medical and health services from the 1980s created severe adverse consequences. After the SARS' outbreak in 2003, China started to give serious consideration to its medical and health system, and to work at developing medical and health services. The new healthcare reform launched in 2009 re‐emphasizes fairness and public welfare, and China's achievements have been remarkable. Of course, there are still many problems to be solved in the reform, which also paves the way for increasing the reform in future.     

2014 年中国医药市场发展蓝皮书——零售终端部分（Ⅲ）

介绍了中国零售药店发展概况、2007—2013 年中国药品零售终端规模以及中国药品零售行业集中度，并对中国药品零售终端主要大类的重点品牌前10 位进行了分析。     

Female medical physicists: The results of a survey carried out by the International Organization for Medical Physics

IntroductionThe gender composition of the existing medical physicist (MP) workforce around the world is basically unknown. The International Organization for Medical Physics (IOMP) performed a survey in order to investigate the number of MPs in countries around the world and the percentage of women MPs compared to total number of MPs.Materials and methodsA simple online questionnaire prepared as a Google Forms survey asking the country, the total number of MPs, the number of female MPs and finally the gender of the person providing the data was sent in mid-March 2013 to six regional member organizations of IOMP, as well as contact points in many member countries.ResultsSixty-six countries responded to the survey by mid-July 2013. Fifty two percent of those who filled the form were females, the rest males. The total number of MPs was 17,024, of which 28% were female (4807). The median values of percentages of females were 21% in the USA, 47% in Europe, 35% in Asia, 33% in Africa and 24% in Latin America.ConclusionThis is the first international survey that investigates the number and percentage of female MPs around the world. There are European countries that are far away from the target set by European Commission (40%) whereas in countries in the Middle East and Asia, female MPs actually outnumber males. This study is the first step in a more in-depth study that needs to be taken in near future.     

Turning over the pieces of the post-genomic jigsaw puzzle

NMHCC Second International Conference: Post-Genomic Analysis of Therapeutic Targets preceded by a Preconference Symposium: Genomic Disease Modeling and Targeting, San Diego, CA, USA, 3–4 August 1998.     

UNDERSTANDING DOCTORS' ETHICAL CHALLENGES AS ROLE VIRTUE CONFLICTS

This paper argues that doctors' ethical challenges can be usefully conceptualised as role virtue conflicts. The hospital environment requires doctors to be simultaneously good doctors, good team members, good learners and good employees. I articulate a possible set of role virtues for each of these four roles, as a basis for a virtue ethics approach to analysing doctors' ethical challenges. Using one junior doctor's story, I argue that understanding doctors' ethical challenges as role virtue conflicts enables recognition of important moral considerations that are overlooked by other approaches to ethical analysis.     

Biodegradable Monocrystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Microcells as Power Supplies for Transient Biomedical Implants

Bioresorbable electronic materials serve as foundations for implantable devices that provide active diagnostic or therapeutic function over a timeframe matched to a biological process, and then disappear within the body to avoid secondary surgical extraction. Approaches to power supply in these physically transient systems are critically important. This paper describes a fully biodegradable, monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) platform based on microscale cells (microcells) designed to operate at wavelengths with long penetration depths in biological tissues (red and near infrared wavelengths), such that external illumination can provide realistic levels of power. Systematic characterization and theoretical simulations of operation under porcine skin and fat establish a foundational understanding of these systems and their scalability. In vivo studies of a representative platform capable of generating ≈60 µW of electrical power under 4 mm of porcine skin and fat illustrate an ability to operate blue light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) as subdermal implants in rats for 3 d. Here, the PV system fully resorbs after 4 months. Histological analysis reveals that the degradation process introduces no inflammatory responses in the surrounding tissues. The results suggest the potential for using silicon photovoltaic microcells as bioresorbable power supplies for various transient biomedical implants.     

Multicontrast endomyocardial imaging by single‐channel high‐resolution cross‐polarization optical coherence tomography

A single‐channel high‐resolution cross‐polarization (CP) optical coherence tomography (OCT) system is presented for multicontrast imaging of human myocardium in one‐shot measurement. The intensity and functional contrasts, including the ratio between the cross‐ and co‐polarization channels as well as the cumulative retardation, are reconstructed from the CP‐OCT readout. By comparing the CP‐OCT results with histological analysis, it is shown that the system can successfully delineate microstructures in the myocardium and differentiate the fibrotic myocardium from normal or ablated myocardium based on the functional contrasts provided by the CP‐OCT system. The feasibility of using A‐line profiles from the 2 orthogonal polarization channels to identify fibrotic myocardium, normal myocardium and ablated lesion is also discussed.