大豆成熟种子萌发叶片体细胞胚的高频诱导和遗传转化（英文）

目的 虽然大豆遗传转化取得了较大进展,但其转化效率仍然偏低。因此,有必要建立一个更加简单和高效的大豆转化系统。本研究的目的是以大豆成熟种子萌发产生的叶片（MSDL）为靶外植体,高频诱导和转化大豆体细胞胚（somatic embryos,SEs）。方法 萌发7 d的大豆幼苗上摘取叶片,并将其切成1.2 cm×1.2 cm的外植体。将叶片外植体置于胚胎诱导培养基（EIM）上诱导体细胞胚发生。将叶片外植体浸入携带p CAMBIA1301植物表达载体的农杆菌EHA105菌液进行遗传转化。结果 MSDL （包括初生叶和次生叶）均能被诱导产生SEs。大多数SE发生在叶片切口处。所试的不同基因型均能诱导SEs。SEs的最高诱导率为95.0%。β葡糖醛酸糖苷酶（GUS）染色结果表明,平均转化效率达到75.4%。DNA印迹（Southern blot）结果表明,目的基因稳定整合在大豆基因组中,拷贝数为1～3个。结论 本研究建立了以大豆MSDL为靶组织的体细胞胚高频诱导和遗传转化。该系统有望在大豆基因组编辑技术的开发上得到应用。     

Bud break and multiple shoot formation from tissues of mature trees ofPinus caribaea andPinus kesiya

Summary Proliferation of terminal and axillary buds of 20 yr-oldPinus caribaea andP. kesiya trees was obtained on half strength DCR medium supplemented with 0.5 mg·liter^−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). These sprouts further elongated with the formation of multiple shoots with the ratio of 1:3, on transfer to medium in which the 0.25 mg·liter^−1 BA of the initiation medium was replaced by 0.25 mg·liter^−1 kinetin. Rooting was obtained on the same medium. Plantlets thus formed were transferred to perlite:peat:vermiculite mixture (1:1:1) in polybags (10×5 cm) under 80±5% humidity in a polyhouse. Plantlets ofP. caribaea andP. kesiya were established with 72.5 and 83.3% survival, respectively.     

Direct differentiation of somatic embryos on cotyledons of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Azadirachta indica</Emphasis>

Somatic embryos regenerated in high-frequency (up to 100 %) on immature cotyledons of Azadirachta indica at a low concentration of thidiazuron (TDZ; 0.5 M). Regeneration occurred exclusively from abaxial surface. Frequency of regeneration declined with the age of the cotyledons: on semimature cotyledons regeneration occurred only from some regions of the abaxial surface and on mature cotyledons it was confined to corners. However, an increase in concentration of TDZ to 1.0 M improved the regeneration response. Higher regenerative capacity of immature cotyledons was due to presence of milk in immature fruits because regeneration response of immature cotyledons declined on washing of cotyledons for 24 h in liquid medium, and milk from immature fruits augmented the regeneration response of mature cotyledons. Somatic embryos regenerated readily on hormone-free medium and plantlets derived were able to survive after transfer to soil.     

Effects of chromosome reconstruction of barley genome on tissue culture response using two different regeneration systems

Mature embryos and seedlings from mature embryos of one standard and five reconstructed karyotypes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were cultured in vitro to study the influence of repositioning of particular chromosome segments of barley genome on the regeneration response. A comparative analysis of the regeneration response of a reconstructed karyotype having complete and well characterized rearrangement of the chromosome complement, and its four parental lines were used as experimental material. Depending on the source of explants two systems of in vitro culture were applied. The regeneration ability was found to be significantly influenced by both chromosome reconstruction and protocol applied. Possible reasons underlying the effects of chromosomal reconstruction on the regeneration response of karyotypes are briefly discussed.     

根癌土壤杆菌介导的水稻高效转化和转基因植株的高频再生

利用根襄封杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｕｍ ｔｕｍｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ（Ｓｍｉｔｈ ｅｔ Ｔｏｗｎｓｅｎｄ）Ｃｏｎｎ）介导的转化方法对４个粳稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．ｓｓｐ．ｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ）品种和２个灿稻（Ｏ．ｓａｔｉｖａ ｓｓｐ．ｉｎｄｉｃａ）品种进行了转化。在对影响根癌土壤杆菌转化水稻效率的多种因素进行比较研究后,建立了根癌土壤杆菌介导的水稻高效转化和再生系统。将水稻成熟胚和未成熟胚来源的     

中熟龙眼种质比较研究初报

通过品种、品系、优株的比较试验,研究分析20份中熟龙眼种质材料的枝梢生长和花果发育物候期表现特点,以及树体早期生长和结果性能的差异情况,从中初选出一些综合性状较好的中熟种质,为进一步选育利用提供依据。     

改良尿素-氯化锂方法提取成熟小麦种子总RNA

为了分离提取成熟小麦种子总RNA,去除多糖等杂质的严重干扰,本实验对尿素氯化锂分离RNA的方法做了三个方面的改进:一、去除成熟种子的胚(含大量麦胚凝集素等糖蛋白),发现裂解物的黏稠度明显下降;二、在裂解粗提物中加入CTAB至终浓度为02%,可去除大部分多糖;三、异丙醇沉淀RNA之后,充分溶解,离心去除残留的不溶性多糖等杂质。结果表明:所提取的成熟小麦种子RNA的纯度和产率都有明显提高 。     

On the interpretation of small-angle x-ray solution scattering from spherical viruses.

The intermediates in the ribosome assembly in exponentially growing Escherichia coli have been identified by centrifuging a crude lysate, pulse-labeled with a radioactive RNA base, through a sucrose gradient and analyzing for precursor rRNA in the gradient fractions by gel electrophoresis. The major intermediate in the assembly of the 50 S subunit cosediments with the mature subunit, whereas two minor precursor species sediment between the 30 S and 50 S peaks. The assembly of the 30 S subunit proceeds via a minor intermediate sedimenting slightly behind the mature subunit and a major precursor particle that cosediments with the mature 30 S subunit.The fraction of the rRNA contained in these precursor particles was determined by direct determination of the amount of rRNA in the precursor particles, and from the labeling kinetics of their rRNA. The direct estimation indicated that about 2% of the total 23 S type RNA, and 3 to 5% of the total 16 S type RNA is harboured in precursor particles. In the kinetic experiments the specific activity of the nucleoside triphosphates and of the different ribosomal particles was followed after addition of a radioactive RNA precursor to the growth medium. The results were compared with a digital simulation of the flow of isotopes through the assembly pathways. This method indicated that approximately 2% of the total 23 S type RNA, as well as 2% of the total 16 S type RNA, is contained in the precursor particles.     

Exploring the interaction between small RNAs and R genes during Brachypodium response to Fusarium culmorum infection

The present study aims to investigate small RNA interactions with putative disease response genes in the model grass species Brachypodium distachyon. The fungal pathogen Fusarium culmorum (Fusarium herein) and phytohormone salicylic acid treatment were used to induce the disease response in Brachypodium. Initially, 121 different putative disease response genes were identified using bioinformatic and homology based approaches. Computational prediction was used to identify 33 candidate new miRNA coding sequences, of which 9 were verified by analysis of small RNA sequence libraries. Putative Brachypodium miRNA target sites were identified in the disease response genes, and a subset of which were screened for expression and possible miRNA interactions in 5 different Brachypodium lines infected with Fusarium. An NBS-LRR family gene, 1g34430, was polymorphic among the lines, forming two major genotypes, one of which has its miRNA target sites deleted, resulting in altered gene expression during infection. There were siRNAs putatively involved in regulation of this gene, indicating a role of small RNAs in the B. distachyon disease response.