主体功能区划中限制开发生态区的细分方法——以宁夏回族自治区为例

限制开发生态区是主体功能区划中介于优先开发区和禁止开发区间的一大类生态区,在实际管理中往往存在区域范围大、实施操作困难等问题,因此非常必要对限制开发生态区进行细化。在总结现有县域尺度主体功能区划研究方法基础上,构建了细分限制开发生态区的生态保护导向和生态优先原则,提出了利用综合指数法和景观指数法分别细化限制开发生态区,二者细化结果叠加后,通过专家系统和政策需求修正,形成了限制开发生态区四类区域单元:禁止开发区、强限制开发区、中限制开发区和弱限制开发区,作为现有主体功能区划方法的补充,从更为微观的尺度反映了主体功能的差异和发展潜力,促进主体功能区划方案的进一步推广和实施。并以宁夏回族自治区的限制开发生态区为案例进行了研究,取得了较好的细分结果。     

Subdomain organization ofBacillus thuringiensis entomocidal proteins'' N-terminal domains

N-Terminal domain (65 kD) of -endotoxin produced byBacillus thuringiensis ssp.alesti, as shown by limited proteolysis, consists of two subdomains of molecular mass 30 and 33 kD that correspond, respectively, to conservative and variable regions of the -endotoxin primary structure. Furthermore, proteolysis of these subdomains leads to their conversion into at least two fragments of molecular mass 10 kD stable to proteinase action. Such a pattern of molecular organization appears to be common for several structurally related -endotoxins that belong to thekurstaki group. Entomicidal protein produced by ssp.israelensis (70 kD), which differs strongly fromalesti and otherkurstaki group -endotoxins, retains a similar type of molecular organization and consists of two subdomains with molecular mass of 35 kD. Apparently, the characteristic pattern of the -endotoxins' molecular structure reflects separation of functions (e.g., host recognition and toxicityper se) between domains and subdomains of these proteins.     

Ionic currents flow throughMicrasterias andClosterium cells during expansion of the primary cell wall

The results of studies of Micrasterias rotata (Grev.) Ralfs, M. thomasiana Archer (biradiate and uniradiate forms) and Closterium sp. using one- and two-dimensional vibrating probes show that transcellular ionic currents are detectable only around cells undergoing expansion of the primary cell wall (half-cell); current enters local regions of expansion and exits over both the rigid surface of the secondary wall and regions of the primary wall where hardening of the wall prevents further expansion. Current densities remain at steady levels until expansion stops with maturation of the primary wall, whereupon currents are no longer detectable. The temporal and spatial correlation between the currents and regions of wall expansion is particularly evident because morphogenesis of the half-cell is a determinate process. Measurements of inward currents ranged from 0.1 to 5.4 A · cm^–2, and outward currents ranged from-0.05 to -1.5 A · cm^–2 measured at 18 from the cell surface. The results of ion substitution and channel-blocker studies indicate that the currents may be carried at least in part by Ca²⁺, Cl^–, H⁺ and K⁺ ions. The possible role of a Ca²⁺ influx during tip growth in desmids is discussed.This work was conducted at the National Vibrating Probe Facility, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass., USA. Dr. Lionel F. Jaffe, Director of the Facility, and Dr. Jeremy D. PickettHeaps, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA, provided valuable guidance and support, and gave unstinting encouragement during these studies. Dr. Franklin M. Harold provided support for the writing of this paper during C.L.T.'s postdoctoral year at the National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Research, Denver. Mr. Alan Shipley and Mr. Steve Dixon provided talented technical assistance. C.L.T. is grateful for support received from a National Institutes of Health Pre-doctoral Training Grant in the Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado. The work was supported by N.I.H. grants 5 P41 RR01395 and 3 P41 RR01395-02S1 (to L.F.J.), National Science Foundation grants No. BSR 82 14199 and PCM 83 09331 (to J.P.-H.), and No. DCB 86 18694 (to F.M.H.).     

Proteolytic degradation of barley ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and recognition of the fragments by monoclonal antibodies

Limited proteolysis of barley ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPCO) was effected by treatments with trypsin and Staphylococcus aureus strain V8 protease. Treatment of native RuBPCO with proteases resulted in the degradation of the large subunit (LS) of the enzyme. Trypsin cleaved three fragments from the LS but the S. aureus strain V8 protease cleaved only one. The small subunit (SS) was not affected. In the presence of 0.5 % sodium dodecyl sulfate, RuBPCO degraded into several fragments; some of them were fairly stable. Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against barley RuBPCO were applied in immunoblotting analysis to distinguish which of the fragments were recognized. All the Mabs recognized the fragments with molecular masses close to those of the LS. Differences among Mabs were observed in the fragments with low molecular mass. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

床旁超声联合颅内血流监测预测心肺复苏患者颅内压升高的效果研究

摘要 目的：探讨床旁超声联合颅内血流监测预测心肺复苏患者颅内压升高的效果。方法：选择2020年1月至2022年12月在本院重症医学科行心肺复苏治疗的60例患者作为研究对象，于心肺复苏术后采用脑室测压导管测定颅内压，根据颅内压结果将患者分为颅内高压组和正常组。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测两组患者血清脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、中枢神经特异性蛋白（S100β）和神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）水平。比较两组患者视神经鞘宽度（ONSD）、大脑中动脉搏动指数（MCA-PI）。采用Pearson分析颅内压、ONSD与MCA-PI之间的相关性。绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析患者ONSD、MCA-PI对的心肺复苏术后颅内压升高的预测价值。结果：（1）60例心肺复苏患者中19例出现颅内压升高；（2）颅内高压组患者血清BDNF、S100β和NSE水平均显著高于正常组（P<0.05）；（3）颅内高压组患者ONSD和MCA-PI均显著高于正常组（P<0.05）；（4）心肺复苏患者ICP与ONSD、MCA-PI均呈显著正相关关系（r=0.872、0.848，P<0.05）。（5）ONSD和MCA-PI预测心肺复苏患者发生颅内压升高的AUC分别为0.875（95%CI：0.739~1.000）、0.841（95%CI：0.735~0.948）。ONSD预测心肺复苏患者颅内压升高的最佳截断值为≥5.69 mm，对应敏感度、特异度、约登指数、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为78.95%、100.00%、78.95%、100.00%和91.11%；MCA-PI预测心肺复苏患者颅内压升高的最佳截断值为≥0.945，对应敏感度、特异度、约登指数、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为78.95%、80.49%、59.44%、65.22%和89.19%。结论：床旁超声和颅内血流监测均无创安全，ONSD和MCA-PI都可以有效预测心内复苏患者颅内压升高，ONSD预测效能更佳。     

Electrical conduction behavior of organic light‐emitting diodes using fluorinated self‐assembled monolayer with molybdenum oxide‐doped hole transporting layer

The electrical conductivity behavior of a fluorinated self‐assembled monolayer (FSAM) of a molybdenum oxide (MoOx)‐doped α‐naphthyl diamine derivative (α‐NPD) in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) was investigated. The current density of the MoOx‐doped α‐NPD/FSAM device was proportional to its voltage owing to smooth carrier injection through the FSAM and the high carrier density of its bulk. The temperature‐dependent characteristics of this device were investigated. The current density–voltage characteristics at different temperatures were almost the same owing to its very low activation energy. The activation energy of the device was estimated to be 1.056 × 10^?2 [eV] and was very low due to the inelastic electron tunneling of FSAM molecules. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

老年患者脓毒性休克液体复苏速度与预后的关系

目的探讨老年患者脓毒性休克液体复苏过程中输液速度与预后的相关性。方法回顾性分析92例严重感染病人液体复苏效果。按液体复苏期间的输液速度分为慢速组（〈500ml/h）和快速组（≥500ml/h）,并对两组患者的心率、有创及无创血压、血氧饱和度、呼吸、中心静脉压（CVP）、每小时尿量、尿比重、血乳酸、ScVO2及有无发生肺水肿、急性心功能不全、急性肾功能不全、MODS和7天死亡率、28天死亡率及入住ICU时间、住院时间等指标进行分析比较。结果两组患者在液体复苏过程中CVP和MAP两项指标比较无统计学意义。慢速组的尿量达标时间耗时较长（P〈0.05）;ScVO2及乳酸清除率比较无明显差异。快速组对液体的需求量多,而应用血管活性药物的病例数则少于慢速组;发生肺水肿、急性心功能不全的比例高于慢速组（P〈0.05）。两组急性肾功能不全的发生率相近,但慢速组出现MODS的例数少（P〈0.05）。7天死亡率和28天死亡率比较,慢速组低于快速组,但无统计学意义。两组患者住院时间无显著统计学意义,入住ICU时间慢速组明显短于快速组（P〈0.05）。结论在脓毒性休克复苏过程中不可一味靠加快输液速度来保证组织灌注,尤其对于老年患者,更应控制单位时间内的输液量,避免给储备能力较差的心功能造成更大的负担。在保证主要脏器灌注的情况下可以适当应用血管活性药物。     

激光显微切割分选少量胃癌细胞中PSCA基因的SNP分析

随着基因组关联分析方法的应用,越来越多与胃癌相关的易感基因被发现．易感基因的多态性检测已逐步进入胃癌临床诊断和研究．然而,利用少量胃粘膜细胞开展单核苷酸多态性（SNP）分析对胃癌进行早期诊断常遇下述困难,一是少量胃癌细胞混杂在多种细胞中,异常信号常易被淹没,二是细胞量极少,因此获得的基因组DNA量微,进行多位点或全基因组分析存在困难. 本文利用激光显微切割技术分选少量胃癌细胞,结合全基因组放大技术,进行胃癌相关的前列腺干细胞抗原基因(PSCA)的SNP分析．通过聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)和克隆测序方法分析,在分选的胃癌细胞中检测到PSCA的rs2976392位点胃癌相关的“A”等位与rs2294008位点胃癌相关的“T”等位．研究结果表明,所采用的全基因组放大方法保真性高,经过分选的胃癌细胞中SNP位点的检测灵敏度和可靠性大为提高．所建立的少量细胞基因多位点检测方法将同样应用于其它肿瘤和组织的少量细胞研究中,全基因组放大产物也可进行高通量的基因芯片和第二代测序研究．     

Inactivation of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes using high-pressure treatments: destruction or sublethal stress?

AIMS: To investigate potential resuscitation of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium after high hydrostatic pressure treatments. METHODS AND RESULTS: Pressure treatments were applied at room temperature for 10 min on bacterial suspensions in buffers at pH 7 and 5.6. Total bacterial inactivation (8 log(10) CFU ml(-1) of bacterial reduction) obtained by conventional plating was achieved regarding both micro-organisms. Treatments at 400 MPa in pH 5.6 and 600 MPa in pH 7 for L. monocytogenes and at 350 MPa in pH 5.6 and 400 MPa in pH 7 for S. Typhimurium were required respectively. A 'direct viable count' method detected some viable cells in the apparently totally inactivated population. Resuscitation was observed for the two micro-organisms during storage (at 4 and 20 degrees C) after almost all treatments. In the S. Typhimurium population, 600 MPa, 10 min, was considered as the treatment achieving total destruction because no resuscitation was observed under these storage conditions. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest a delay before performing counts in treated samples in order to avoid the under-evaluation of surviving cells. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The resuscitation of pathogen bacteria after physical treatments like high hydrostatic pressure has to be considered from the food safety point of view. Further studies should be performed in food products to study this resuscitation phenomenon.