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61.
有鳞类(蛇和蜥蜴)具有较发达的嗅器和犁鼻器,对其不同种类嗅觉结构的认识有助于阐明爬行动物化学感觉的进化。本文采用组织学方法比较了草原沙蜥(Phrynocephalus frontalis)、荒漠沙蜥(P. przewalskii)、密点麻蜥(Eremias multiocellata)和秦岭滑蜥(Scincella tsinlingensis)的嗅器及犁鼻器。结果发现,草原沙蜥的鼻腔较为狭长,秦岭滑蜥呈梨形,其他两种蜥蜴的鼻腔略成圆形。秦岭滑蜥的嗅上皮最厚,其次是密点麻蜥和草原沙蜥,荒漠沙蜥最薄。犁鼻器主要由犁鼻腔、犁鼻感觉上皮、犁鼻神经及蘑菇体等组成,没有腺体。草原沙蜥和荒漠沙蜥的犁鼻腔较为宽阔,密点麻蜥和秦岭滑蜥的较窄。4种蜥蜴的犁鼻感觉上皮均较嗅上皮厚,蘑菇体向后逐渐缩小至消失,犁鼻感觉上皮成闭环状,包围犁鼻腔。密点麻蜥和秦岭滑蜥的犁鼻感觉上皮位于犁鼻器的背侧,蘑菇体位于腹侧;与此不同,两种沙蜥的犁鼻感觉上皮偏向于犁鼻器的腹内侧,蘑菇体位于背外侧。密点麻蜥的犁鼻感觉上皮最厚,其次为秦岭滑蜥,两种沙蜥最薄;秦岭滑蜥犁鼻感觉上皮的感觉细胞密度最高,其次是密点麻蜥,两种沙蜥最低。这些结果提示,密点麻蜥和秦岭滑蜥对嗅觉信号的依赖和投入较两种沙蜥多;4种蜥蜴犁鼻器的结构差异间接地佐证了有鳞类犁鼻器系统发生的特异性。 相似文献
62.
贺兰山不同生境旱生灌木的解剖学研究 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
贺兰山荒漠地带三种不同基质生境的20种旱生灌木的营养器官的比较解剖学研究表明:其共同特点是叶片的表面积/体积的比值小,叶表具厚的角质层、表皮毛,气孔下陷、并具孔下室,叶向中栅栏组织发达;轴器官中木栓层细胞层数多,皮层较厚,机械组织发达,木薄壁组织及髓部细胞的细胞壁术化加厚,根内都具周皮、木质部的导管分子大小不一、频率较高。此外,根、茎、叶中普遍存在粘液细胞和草酸钙结晶,部分植物的根和茎内有异常维管组织。这些结构特征都与早生环境相关,而不同基质生境中生长的植物尚存在一定差异。 相似文献
63.
水稻器官干物质运转特性的因子分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文对33个水稻品种(组合)5个器官的干物质转运率和移动率(共10个性状)进行了因子分析,结果表明,5个器官的干物质运转特性均可自成主因子,均具有重要作用,主因子1为茎杆运转因子,主因子2为叶片运转因子,主因子3为功能叶片运转因子,主因子4为功能叶外其它叶片运转因子,主因子5为叶鞘运转因子.除主因子1具有较大的方差贡献外,其余主因子方差贡献接近.杂交F1比常规品种具有更大的主因子l得分,部分常规品种也具有较高的主因子l得分,可作为亲本加以利用. 相似文献
64.
山楂粉蝶NPV的形态发生及其宿主细胞器的超微病理变化 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
应用电子显微技术,对山楂粉蝶核型多角体病毒感染三龄幼虫后,该病毒在体内的形态发生过程及其宿主细胞病理超微结构的变化等进行了观察与分析。结果表明:病毒感染72~168h后,山楂粉蝶幼虫中肠上皮细胞内出现病毒发生基质、核衣壳、套膜、丝状纤维或称前多角体蛋白。病毒粒子、病毒束,以及病毒束嵌入多角体蛋白,装配成完全的病毒多角体。在相应的中肠上皮细胞内,细胞器如线粒体、粗面内质网、核糖体、溶酶体等均发生显著的病理变化。同时还应指出的是内质网呈指纹图谱型,板层体与示髓样小体等膜状结构的病理变化比较特殊。 相似文献
65.
Herman Yeger Diane Forget Jennifer Alami Bryan R. G. Williams 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal》1996,32(8):496-504
Summary The temporal and spatial expression patterns of the Wilms tumor gene, WT1, were studied during the organogenesis of the mouse
kidneyin vitro. In situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry localized cellular expression of WT1 in whole kidney organ cultures to the induced
metanephric mesenchyme and developing podocytes. Organ cultures were further characterized immunocytochemically with antibodies
that specifically labeled the different tubular epithelial components and supporting mesenchyme of the developing nephrons.
In organ cultures, the WT1 expression pattern could be visualized in induced metanephric mesenchyme and entire cell cohorts
of differentiating podocytes. Expression of WT1 and cell specific markers were retained in short-term monolayer cultures of
dissociated kidneys. The development of the metanephric kidneyin vitro involves a highly restricted temporal and spatial cellular expression pattern of WT1 which closely follows that observed
in tissue sections from gestational kidney isolated during organogenesis in the mouse. 相似文献
66.
B. D. Metscher R. Glenn Northcutt David M. Gardiner Susan V. Bryant 《Development genes and evolution》1997,207(5):287-295
Gene expression has been studied in considerable detail in the developing vertebrate brain, neural crest, and some placode-derived
organs. As a further investigation of vertebrate head morphogenesis, expression patterns of several homeobox-containing genes
were examined using whole-mount in situ hybridization in a sensory system primitive for the vertebrate subphylum: the axolotl
lateral lines and the placodes from which they develop. Axolotl Msx-2 and Dlx-3 are expressed in all of the lateral line placodes. Both genes are expressed throughout development of the lateral line system
and their expression continues in the fully developed neuromasts. Expression within support cells is highly polarized. In
contrast to most other observations of Msx genes in vertebrate organogenesis, expression of Msx-2 in developing lateral line organs is exclusively epithelial and is not associated with epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.
A Hox-complex gene, Hoxb-3, is shown to be expressed in the embryonic hindbrain and in a lateral line placode at the same rostrocaudal level, but not
in other placodes nor in mature lateral line organs. A Hox gene of a separate paralog group, Hoxa-4, is expressed in a more posterior hindbrain domain in the embryo, but is not expressed in the lateral line placode at that
rostrocaudal level. These data provide the first test of the hypothesis that the neurogenic placodes develop in two rostrocaudal
series aligned with the rhombomeric segments and patterned by combinations of Hox genes in parallel with the central nervous system.
Received: 2 April 1997 / Accepted: 2 July 1997 相似文献
67.
Barbara Lubec Zhuang Ya-hua Sainio Pertti Tuohimaa Pentti Erwin Kitzmüller Gert Lubec 《Life sciences》1997,60(26):618-2381
L-arginine and taurine are still in the center of physiological and pharmacological research. Although the fate of nitrogen of both compounds and of the 35S-taurine is well-documented, the fate of the carbon skeleton has not been elucidated yet. We studied the organ distribution of 14C arginine and 14C taurine over time in the mouse using whole body autoradiography with densitometric image analysis. We describe different organ distribution patterns. Kidney, heart, lung, the Harderian gland, the central nervous system, intestine and testis showed a comparable pattern of arginine disappearance in contrast to rapid disappearance in the salivary gland and the accumulation pattern in bone and spleen. Data on 14C taurine of liver, kidneys, lung, testis and Harderian gland resembled the arginine pattern; Accumulation of taurine carbon was found in salivary gland, bone, intestine, heart and brain. Our studies challenge and demand further related studies to obtaining more information on the fate of the carbon skeleton of these amino acids. 相似文献
68.
The distribution and morphology of crustacean cardioactive peptide-immunoreactive neurons in the brain of the locust Locusta migratoria has been determined. Of more than 500 immunoreactive neurons in total, about 380 are interneurons in the optic lobes. These neurons invade several layers of the medulla and distal parts of the lobula. In addition, a small group of neurons projects into the accessory medulla, the lamina, and to several areas in the median protocerebrum. In the midbrain, 12 groups or individual neurons have been reconstructed. Four groups innervate areas of the superior lateral and ventral lateral protocerebrum and the lateral horn. Two cell groups have bilateral arborizations anterior and posterior to the central body or in the superior median protocerebrum. Ramifications in subunits of the central body and in the lateral and the median accessory lobes arise from four additional cell groups. Two local interneurons innervate the antennal lobe. A tritocerebral cell projects contralaterally into the frontal ganglion and appears to give rise to fibers in the recurrent nerve, and in the hypocerebral and ingluvial ganglia. Varicose fibers in the nervi corporis cardiaci III and the corpora cardiaca, and terminals on pharyngeal dilator muscles arise from two subesophageal neurons. Some of the locust neurons closely resemble immunopositive neurons in a beetle and a moth. Our results suggest that the peptide may be (1) a modulatory substance produced by many brain interneurons, and (2) a neurohormone released from subesophageal neurosecretory cells. 相似文献
69.
The organization of the mucomicrovillar complex of the vomeronasal sensory epithelium of adult rats was examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy. In specimens labeled with the FITC-conjugated isolectin B4 of Bandeiraea simplicifolia, which recognizes terminal -galactose sugar residues of glycoconjugates, we demonstrated that the mucomicrovillar complex was composed of islet-like structures with a high-density -galactose core. The mucomicrovillar complex was further resolved into sensory and mucoid components in double-labeling and dual scanning experiments. The sensory component, which consists of the dendritic terminals of olfactory marker protein-immunoreactive vomeronasal receptor neurons, contained cytosolic glycoconjugates with terminal -galactose sugar residues. The extracellular mucoid component consisted of glycoconjugates containing terminal -galactose derived from the glands associated with the vomeronasal organ. These results demonstrated the complex microchemical organization of the sensory and mucoid components of the mucomicrovillar complex. 相似文献
70.
A. Falconi M. Borde A. Hernández-Cruz F. R. Morales 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1995,176(5):679-689
Stimulation of the spinal cord of the electric fish Gymnotus carapo, evoked an abrupt increase in the discharge rate of the electric organ. At the maximum of this response, the rate increased an average of 26 ± 11.8%. The duration of the response was 4.9 ± 2.12 s; its latency was 10.4 ± 1.1 ms. Activation of the Mauthner axon played a decisive role in this phenomenon as indicated by the following: (1) recordings from the axon cap of the Mauthner cell demonstrated that the response was evoked if the Mauthner axon was antidromically activated and (2) a response that was similar to that produced by spinal cord stimulation, was elicited by intracellular stimulation of either Mauthner cell. Stimulation of the eighth nerve could also increase the discharge rate of the electric organ. The effect was greater if a Mauthner cell action potential was elicited. The findings described in the present report, indicate the existence of a functional connection between the Mauthner cell and the electromotor system in Gymnotus carapo. This connection may function to enhance the electrolocative sampling of the environment during Mauthner-cell mediated behaviors. This is a novel function for the Mauthner cell.Abbreviations
EHP
extrinsic hyperpolarizing potential
-
EOD
electric organ discharge
-
M-AIR
Mauthner initiated abrupt increase in rate
-
M-cell
Mauthner cell
-
M-axon
Mauthner axon
-
PM
pacemaker nucleus
-
PM-cell
pacemaker cell
-
PPn
prepacemaker nucleus
-
SPPn
sublemniscal prepacemaker nucleus 相似文献