Katatopygia gen. n., a monophyletic branch segregated from Boletina (Diptera, Mycetophilidae)

The genus Katatopygia gen. n. is proposed for the Boletina erythropyga/punctus-group that was first introduced by Garrett (1924, 1925) and currently comprises eight described species. Molecular studies have strongly indicated that this group forms a monophyletic sister-group to a clade consisting of all other Boletina, Coelosia and Gnoriste, and its monophyly is supported by morphological data as well. The new genus includes the following species: Katatopygia antoma (Garrett, 1924), comb. n., Katatopygia antica (Garrett, 1924), comb. n., Katatopygia erythropyga (Holmgren, 1883), comb. n.,Katatopygia hissarica (Zaitzev & Polevoi, 2002), comb. n., Katatopygia magna (Garrett, 1925), comb. n., Katatopygia laticauda (Saigusa, 1968), comb. n., Katatopygia neoerythropyga (Zaitzev & Polevoi, 2002), comb. n. andKatatopygia sahlbergi (Lundström, 1906), comb. n., all transferred from Boletina. Katatopygia sahlbergi is found to be a senior synonym of Boletina punctus Garrett, 1925, syn. n. A phylogeny based on morphological data and using parsimony analysis yielded four most parsimonious trees where the new genus is retrieved as monophyletic with high support. Katatopygia neoerythropyga is found to be the sister-taxon to all other species that form two clades, one with Katatopygia sahlbergi-like species and one with Katatopygia erythropyga-like species. A key to males of Katatopygia is provided.     

Two new species and new record of Batricavus Yin & Li (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae) from China

Two new species, Batricavus abdominalis Yin & Li, sp. n. and Batricavus hainanensis Yin & Li, sp. n. are described from Hainan, South China, with male habitus and major diagnostic features illustrated. Batricavus tibialis Yin & Li is newly recorded from Zhejiang, East China. Keys to both sexes of the genus are included.     

禽流感病毒H5N1血凝素基因适应性进化过程中的关键位点突变规律研究

目的:寻找导致禽流感病毒H5N1血凝素(HA)适应性进化的关键突变,建立氨基酸突变评价体系,对突变作用进行评估,印证它们与病毒适应性进化的关联性。方法:计算株频率和枝频率,寻找标记分枝,向根结点回溯寻找HA进化路径上的氨基酸突变。计算各突变位点氨基酸的频率变化、有效变换及高频次突变,基于以上几个因素建立突变评价体系。结果:建立了大规模自动化寻找突变的方法,计算得到HA进化过程中的氨基酸突变435个,通过氨基酸频率图表分析这些突变可以很好地反映病毒适应性进化过程,其中79个突变是有效变换,发生的位点为正选择位点,且多数位点落在HA抗原表位上;29个突变是高频次突变,其中多数也为有效变换,因而与病毒适应性进化密切相关。结论:大规模自动化寻找突变的方法可靠,建立的突变评价体系准确性高,找到的关键突变及位点对实验有很好的指导意义。     

中国荞麦属植物分类学的修订

荞麦是一种蓼科(Polygonaceae family)荞麦属(Fagopyrum Mill)的古老作物,在全世界,尤其是东亚及东欧地区广泛种植。数千年以来,荞麦都是中国凉山等高海拔地区的主要粮食作物,其营养丰富,其中富含的芦丁等生物活性成分还具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤的功效。荞麦的栽培种甜荞和苦荞已经被广泛传播,但野生荞麦却只在特定区域分布。中国西南地区,包括四川、云南、贵州各省以及西藏自治区,是公认的世界荞麦属植物的起源中心、分布中心和多样化中心,荞麦种质资源非常丰富。目前已有文献报导的荞麦属植物超过20种,其绝大多数已在中国西南地区被发现,该地区的地理环境非常复杂,孕育了极具多样性的野生荞麦资源。但截至目前,这些已报导的种还没有经过科学的归类,同种异名的现象比较严重,本研究团队从2004年至今,在中国西南地区进行了多年多次的野外考察和标本采集工作,并在室内进行花和果实的解剖观察,获得了大量的荞麦属植物分类学数据。基于这些数据和荞麦染色体数量分析,经馆藏标本和模式照片的对比,并综合国内外相关文献,对中国荞麦属植物进行了分类学修订,将产自中国的荞麦属28个种归并为21个:即将Fagopyrum megaspartanium Q. F.Chen,F. pilus Q. F. Chen并入F. cymosum (Trrev)Meisn作为异名;F. pleioramosum Ohnishi,F. wenchuanense J.R.Shao并入F.caudatum (Samuelsson) A. J. Li作为异名;F. callianthum Ohnishi并入F.qiangcai D.Q.Ba作为异名;F. zuogongense Q.F.Chen并入F. homotropicum Ohnishi作为异名;F. longzhoushanense J.R.Shao并入F. pugense T.Yu作为异名。重新制定了21个种的分种检索表。本文将有助于重新认识荞麦属植物的进化地位,并为后续进一步探究属中各个种的亲缘关系奠定了基础。     

Staminal evolution in the genus Salvia (Lamiaceae): molecular phylogenetic evidence for multiple origins of the staminal lever

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The genus Salvia has traditionally included any member of the tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae) with only two stamens and with each stamen expressing an elongate connective. The recent demonstration of the non-monophyly of the genus presents interesting implications for staminal evolution in the tribe Mentheae. In the context of a molecular phylogeny, the staminal morphology of the various lineages of Salvia and related genera is characterized and an evolutionary interpretation of staminal variation within the tribe Mentheae is presented. METHODS: Two molecular analyses are presented in order to investigate phylogenetic relationships in the tribe Mentheae and the genus Salvia. The first presents a tribal survey of the Mentheae and the second concentrates on Salvia and related genera. Schematic sketches are presented for the staminal morphology of each major lineage of Salvia and related genera. KEY RESULTS: These analyses suggest an independent origin of the staminal elongate connective on at least three different occasions within the tribe Mentheae, each time with a distinct morphology. Each independent origin of the lever mechanism shows a similar progression of staminal change from slight elongation of the connective tissue separating two fertile thecae to abortion of the posterior thecae and fusion of adjacent posterior thecae. A monophyletic lineage within the Mentheae is characterized consisting of the genera Lepechinia, Melissa, Salvia, Dorystaechas, Meriandra, Zhumeria, Perovskia and Rosmarinus. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results the following are characterized: (1) the independent origin of the staminal lever mechanism on at least three different occasions in Salvia, (2) that Salvia is clearly polyphyletic, with five other genera intercalated within it, and (3) staminal evolution has proceeded in different ways in each of the three lineages of Salvia but has resulted in remarkably similar staminal morphologies.     

中国广东省异长足虻属一新种记述(双翅目:长足虻科)

记述采自深圳仙湖植物园的异长足虻属1新种:米诺斯异长足虻Diaphorus minos Liu & Yang sp.nov.,提供了整体图和解剖生殖器图,编制了广东省该属的分种检索表.     

科尔沁沙地关键生态系统服务的约束关系分析

理解生态系统服务间的相互关系,对于区域生态系统服务的管理和优化具有重要意义。以科尔沁沙地为研究区,评估了2000-2018年植被净初级生产力、产水服务、土壤保持服务和风力侵蚀负服务的时空变化,基于分位数分割法提取生态系统服务对之间相互关系的约束线,分析景观水平和类水平上生态系统服务对之间的约束关系,并用约束关系的阈值、约束线回归方程的斜率和常数项来表征约束线的关键特征值。结果表明：（1）2000—2018年科尔沁沙地植被净初级生产力、产水量、土壤保持量和风力侵蚀量的多年均值分别为256.5 gC/m²,211.9 mm,26.3 t/km²和3.8 t/m²;整体上,这四项关键生态系统服务有所改善。在空间上,植被净初级生产力改善的区域主要位于东南部和中部地区;产水量在中部偏南的区域增加;土壤保持量主要在西北部和西南边缘有显著增加;中部和北部地区的风力侵蚀量有所减少,南部的翁牛特旗、奈曼旗和科尔沁左翼后旗等旗县作为风蚀重度区,风力侵蚀仍在加剧,应当重点治理。（2）植被净初级生产力与产水量、土壤保持量、风力侵蚀量的约束线,产水量与土壤保持量、风力侵蚀量的约束线均呈抛物线型;而土壤保持量与风力侵蚀量的约束关系呈线性类型。这些约束线的类型在2000-2018年间几乎保持不变。（3）植被净初级生产力的变化对其他生态系统服务的动态起到放大器的作用。它微小的变化会引起其他生态系统服务较大幅度的变化,是塑造约束关系强度的关键性服务。约束线阈值范围能够为合理利用区域植被净初级生产力提供初步依据,可以使植被净初级生产力对其他服务的负面约束作用最小化。（4）林地和草地提供土壤保持服务的能力较耕地水平高。在景观管理实践中,应重点发展草地、林地生态系统;在耕作条件适宜的地区选择需水量较少、耐旱的农作物并实施节水灌溉,以提高科尔沁沙地景观总体生态系统服务的供给能力。探究生态系统服务对的约束关系及识别其关键特征可以为土地利用优化,调整管理措施及实现区域可持续性提供科学依据。     

脊颜茎蜂属评述暨一新种(膜翅目:茎蜂科)

基于模式标本和新材料研究了茎蜂科脊颜茎蜂属,修订了该属属征和主要鉴别特征.该属唇基上区具锐利中脊,下唇须第4节短,明显宽于下颚须第4节,左上额粗短,中部显著弯折,雄虫多数鞭分节腹侧钝齿状突出,雌虫部分锯刃具多列亚基齿等特征,与茎蜂科其余各属均不相同.描述了脊颜茎蜂属1新种,采集自江西和湖南南部山区.编制了种检索表.     

中国银口天竺鲷属鱼类的分类厘定

本研究检视了采自中国沿海的银口天竺鲷属标本314尾, 形态学鉴定为8种: 斑鳍银口天竺鲷(Jaydia carinata (Cuvier, 1828))、细条银口天竺鲷(J. lineata (Temminck & Schlege, 1842))、新几内亚银口天竺鲷(J. novaeguineae (Valenciennes, 1832))、黑鳃银口天竺鲷(J. poeciloptera (Cuvier, 1828))、史密斯氏银口天竺鲷(J. smithi Kotthaus 1970)、横带银口天竺鲷(J. striata (Smith & Radcliffe, 1912))、印度洋银口天竺鲷(J. striatodes (Gon, 1997))和黑边银口天竺鲷(J. truncata (Bleeker, 1854))。结合GenBank中的同种序列, 对史密斯氏银口天竺鲷进行DNA条形码分析, 发现中国群体和地中海群体分为两个组群, 两者平均组间遗传距离为0.044, 表明其中存在隐存种。因该种模式产地为亚丁湾, 推测中国种群为隐存种Jaydia sp.。结合标本和文献考证, 我们认为中国已知有银口天竺鲷属鱼类9种, 未采集到的烟台银口天竺鲷J. tchefouensis (Fang, 1942)可能为J. lineata次定同种异名。我们整理了各种的同种异名、形态特征和地理分布, 编制了检索表, 探讨了分类问题, 修订了错误。中国已记录物种J. ellioti、J. arafurae、J. albomarginata实际为J. truncata、J. poeciloptera和J. novaeguineae。     

Two new species of Paraclius from China (Diptera,Dolichopodidae)

Thirty-one species of Paraclius Loew were known to occur in China. In this paper, two species are described as new to science: Paraclius ventralis sp. nov. and Paraclius wutongshanus sp. nov. A key to the Chinese species of Paraclius is provided.www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3E803E27-5E44-4A55-91D5-DA088F986485.