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941.
942.
943.
气体植物激素乙烯在植物生长发育及应对胁迫的防御反应中起重要调控作用.通过20多年的研究,利用模式植物拟南芥,勾画出一条自内质网膜受体至细胞核内转录因子的线性乙烯信号转导通路.本文概述了研究乙烯信号转导的方法及乙烯信号转导的基本过程;阐述了最新发现的乙烯信号从内质网膜传递到细胞核的分子机制,即原本定位于内质网膜上的EIN2蛋白其C端被剪切之后进入细胞核,然后通过抑制EBF1/2而稳定转录因子EIN3/EIL1;根据最近多个小组报道EIN3/EIL1直接调控除乙烯响应基因之外的其他生物学过程相关基因,提出了EIN3/EIL1可以作为网络节点整合多条信号通路的新观点;通过分析不同信号通路调控EIN3/EIL1的方式,发现不仅EIN3/EIL1的蛋白稳定性受到调控,而且其转录活性还受到诸如JAZ,DELLA等转录调节因子的调控.本文展望了未来乙烯信号转导通路的研究方向与研究热点. 相似文献
944.
细胞与细胞之间的物质运输和信号传递对于多细胞生物的生长发育非常重要.一些内源的大分子物质如蛋白质、核酸或核酸蛋白质复合体可以选择性地通过植物特有的亚细胞结构即胞间连丝(PD)在细胞之间运输.小分子物质主要以被动的形式在细胞间通过PD进行扩散.PD对蛋白质和核酸的运输具有选择性,这种运输受到严格调控.大分子物质在细胞间的运输对植物的生长和发育有极其重要的调控作用.KN1,STM,SHR,TRY和WER等转录因子在细胞之间的转运对于维持植物的茎尖分生组织、根尖分生组织和表皮细胞功能起重要作用.另外,某些小分子RNA也能够在植物细胞间进行选择性运输,并通过在不同细胞中降解或抑制靶mRNA的翻译来调节植物组织的生长发育. 相似文献
945.
P. Gurusaravanan S. Vinoth M. Satheesh Kumar N. Thajuddin N. Jayabalan 《Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology》2013,11(1):9-16
The challenging task of bringing high efficiency transformed plants attracts lot of attention in recent times. In search for this, there have been many attempts made using, different techniques like tissue culture and plant breeding methods. Here we report a suitable alternative facile route, where cyanobacterial extracellular products are utilized as growth regulators and its performance validated on Gossypium hirsutum L. MS medium is tested with cyanobacterial extracellular products of Nostoc ellipsosporum, Dolichospermum flos-aquae and Oscillatoria acuminata .Our best results show that the addition of O. acuminata extracellular product with plant growth hormones gives the excellent induction and elongation in cotton. In addition to this, the multiple shoot was obtained on MS medium fortified with 1.0 mg L?1 BA with 8% O. acuminata and 1.5 mg L?1 TDZ with 12% O. acuminata. High frequency of shoot elongation supplemented with MS medium, iP 2.5 mg L?1 and 16% O. acuminata and root production MS medium fortified with 12% O. acuminata best responsible for regeneration in cotton plants. The rooted plants were hardened and transferred to soil with 90% survival rate. 相似文献
946.
《Journal of Plant Interactions》2013,8(4):255-262
Abstract Induction of resistance to downy mildew caused by Plasmopara halstedii in sunflower was studied after treatment with PGPR (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) strain INR7 (Bacillus spp). Treatment of sunflower seeds with 1×108cfu/ml of PGPR strain INR7 resulted in decreased disease severity and offered 51 and 54% protection under green house and field conditions, respectively. The induction of resistance to P. halstedii by PGPR strain INR7 was accompanied by the accumulation of various host defense-related enzymes in susceptible sunflower seedlings. Enhanced activation of catalase (CAT), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and chitinase (CHI) was evident at 6, 9, 12, 12 and 12h post inoculation, respectively, in sunflower seedlings raised from seeds treated with PGPR strain INR7. This enhanced and early activation of defense-related responses in the susceptible cultivar after treatment with PGPR strain INR7 was comparable to that in the resistant cultivar. The results indicate that PGPR strain INR7 induced resistance against P. halstedii in sunflower is mediated through enhanced expression of defense mechanism. 相似文献
947.
《Archives of animal nutrition》2013,67(1):66-74
The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with different levels of two extracts, an aqueous extract of Ligustrum lucidum (AELL), and an ethanol extract of Schisandra chinensis (EESC) on growth performance, parameters of antioxidative status and spleen lymphocyte proliferation of broilers, respectively. The results showed that neither AELL nor EESC had significant effects on growth performance of broilers. However, malondialdehyde concentration in heart and liver of the broilers were significantly decreased by feeding AELL or EESC. Superoxide dismutase activity in heart, liver, and kidney of broilers were improved by feeding different dosages of AELL or EESC. In contrast, glutathione reductase activity in serum, heart and kidney of broilers was not affected by experimental treatment. In addition, spleen lymphocyte proliferation of broilers was significantly enhanced by feeding different dosages of AELL or EESC. In conclusion, the results suggested that either AELL or EESC may improve antioxidant status and immune function of broilers. 相似文献
948.
《Plant Ecology & Diversity》2013,6(3-4):423-433
Background : Intraspecific functional variability (IFV) along altitudinal gradients is a powerful proxy to infer the responses of plants to abrupt environmental changes. We envisage that IFV shows distinctive patterns in tropical and extratropical alpine regions. Aims : To characterise the patterns and explore the origin of IFV in a tropical alpine species in a context of upward range extension. Methods : We examined variations in a series of plant functional traits in Lasiocephalus ovatus, inside and outside a nurse plant along a 600 m altitudinal gradient in the Ecuadorian Andes, and we studied its genetic variability. Results : More conservative traits were developed at higher elevation, in contrast to extratropical alpine plants, which commonly develop opportunistic traits in response to late snowmelt close to their upper altitudinal limit. The presence of nurse cushions did not alter this trend. Increasing genetic distance along the gradient suggested that IFV might be partly genetically induced. Conclusions : Our data combined with existing literature in tropical alpine environments lead the way to a stimulating scientific challenge: determining if patterns of plant altitudinal distribution in tropical alpine areas in response to climate change are predictable from patterns described in extratropical alpine areas. 相似文献
949.
《Plant Ecology & Diversity》2013,6(2-3):295-300
We reply to Webber et al. (2011). Our study, Sheil and Padmanaba (2011), was a preliminary assessment of the alien Neotropical tree Cecropia around Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. We highlighted the need for low-cost assessment approaches for addressing alien species and considered what might be achieved by local actors with limited resources. We successfully characterised the local distribution of Cecropia and identified, addressed and illustrated various concerns. Based on these results we asked how such studies might be useful and how they could be improved. Webber et al. criticise our study but fail to engage with its goals. Certainly, low-input local approaches lack the sophistication and rigour of larger international efforts, but such comparisons are unhelpful. Aside from a number of misunderstandings, we find Webber et al.’s principal arguments overstated, and unsupported by published information. The evidence that Cecropia causes harm is unconvincing; species-level identification is overemphasised; and the insistence on completing detailed research before considering management options is problematic. We offer some positive conclusions and repeat our plea for the development of effective low-input methods for evaluating and addressing naturalised organisms. 相似文献
950.
《Plant Ecology & Diversity》2013,6(2-3):105-113
Background: Seed mass is a life history trait that is related to invasiveness. Under limiting conditions, a trade-off is observed whereby an increase in seed mass occurs at the expense of seed numbers; if the above trade-off holds across climatic gradients it can provide an opportunity to assess the fitness/invasive potential of exotic plants.Aims: To examine the variation in the life history traits of Eschscholzia californica populations across climatic gradients and to relate these traits to observed invasiveness.Methods: We examined 19 populations in Chile. For each population we related seed mass, seed number, the slope of trade-off between seed mass and number and plant density with annual precipitation and mean annual temperature.Results: Seed number and the coefficient of variation in seed mass were positively correlated with climatic variables. Trade-off was detected in 26% of the populations and no relationship was detected with climatic gradient. Plant density was negatively associated with precipitation.Conclusions: The results suggest that for E. californica producing seeds with a variety of sizes is an optimal strategy to face geographic heterogeneity and hence to increase its invasiveness. Increased production of seeds at the cool and wet southern limit of the current range of the species does not contribute to an increase in its invasiveness. 相似文献