谷红注射液和丁苯酞注射液联合Solitaire AB型支架取栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的临床研究

摘要 目的：探讨谷红注射液和丁苯酞注射液联合Solitaire AB型支架取栓治疗急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）的临床疗效。方法：选择2018年1月到2020年12月期间攀枝花市中西医结合医院收治的AIS患者98例,依照随机数字表法分为观察组（50例）和对照组（48例）。对照组采用Solitaire AB型支架取栓治疗,观察组给予谷红注射液和丁苯酞注射液联合Solitaire AB型支架取栓治疗,两组均治疗14 d。治疗后进行临床疗效评价,比较两组治疗后的血管再通率和并发症发生率,比较两组治疗前后的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分、Barthel指数评分及全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、血小板聚集率。结果：观察组的临床总有效率为84.00%（42/50）,对照组为60.42%（29/48）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组的血管再通率明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后血小板聚集率、全血低切黏度及全血高切黏度均明显低于治疗前（P<0.05）,且观察组治疗后血小板聚集率、全血低切黏度及全血高切黏度均明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后观察组Barthel指数评分明显高于对照组（P<0.05）,NIHSS评分明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组的并发症发生率为6.00%（3/50）,对照组为4.17%（2/48）,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：谷红注射液和丁苯酞注射液联合Solitaire AB型支架取栓治疗AIS的临床疗效显著,能够提高血管再通率,减轻神经功能缺损,改善患者的日常生活能力和血液流变学指标,且并发症较轻。     

肾康注射液联合羟苯磺酸钙胶囊对PNS并发AKI患者肾功能、凝血功能及炎性因子的影响

摘要 目的：探讨肾康注射液联合羟苯磺酸钙胶囊对原发性肾病综合征（PNS）并发急性肾损伤（AKI）患者肾功能、凝血功能及炎性因子的影响。方法：选取2018年4月~2019年11月期间我院收治的134例PNS合并AKI患者,随机分为对照组（常规治疗基础上予以羟苯磺酸钙胶囊治疗）和联合组（对照组基础上予以肾康注射液治疗）,各67例。治疗14 d后,对比两组患者疗效、肾功能指标[尿素氮（BUN）、血肌酐（Scr）、白蛋白（Alb）]、凝血功能指标[凝血酶时间(TT)、凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原（FIB）]及炎性因子[白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、C反应蛋白（CRP）],记录两组不良反应情况。结果：联合组治疗14d后的临床总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗14 d后,两组PT、APTT、TT、FIB、Scr、BUN、IL-6、TNF-α、CRP均较治疗前下降,且联合组低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗14 d后,两组Alb升高,且联合组高于对照组（P<0.05）。对照组、联合组的不良反应总发生率对比未见统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：相较于羟苯磺酸钙胶囊单药治疗,PNS合并AKI患者在羟苯磺酸钙胶囊的基础上联合肾康注射液治疗,可有效减轻肾功能损害,改善凝血功能,降低炎性因子水平,疗效明显,且未增加严重不良反应。     

Flow‐injection chemiluminescence determination of haemoglobin in the blood

In this study, a sensitive and simple flow‐injection chemiluminescence (CL) method was developed for the quantitative analysis of haemoglobin. The method is based on the ability of haemoglobin to enhance the CL signal generated by a H₂O₂–K₄Fe(CN)₆–fluorescein alkaline system enhanced by CdTe quantum dots. Under the optimized conditions, haemoglobin can be detected in concentration range 7.35 × 10^–9–2.5 × 10^–6 mol/L, with a detection limit (3σ) of 1.8 × 10^–9 mol/L and a relative standard deviation (RSD; for 5 × 10^–7 mol/L haemoglobin) of 2.06% (n = 11). The present CL method was successfully applied for the determination of haemoglobin in three kinds of blood samples taken from an infant, an adult man, an adult woman and two reference samples. Compared with previous reports, the CL method described in this work is simple and rapid, with high sensitivity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Flow‐injection chemiluminescence determination of diazepam by oxidation with N‐bromosuccinimide

A rapid and sensitive flow‐injection chemiluminescence (FI–CL) method is described for the determination of diazepam based on its reaction with N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) in alkaline medium in the presence of dichlorofluorescein (DCF) as an effective energy‐transfer agent. Under optimum conditions, the proposed method allowed the measurement of diazepam over the range of 2.0 × 10^?6 to 2.0 × 10^?4 mol/L with a detection limit of 5.0 × 10^?7 mol/L. The relative standard deviation for 11 parallel measurements of 2.0 × 10^?5 mol/L diazepam was 2.1%. The method was applied satisfactorily for the determination of diazepam in pharmaceutical preparations, and the results agree well with those obtained by spectrophotometry. The use of the proposed system for the determination of diazepam in urine and plasma samples was also tested. The possible mechanism of the chemiluminescence reaction is discussed briefly. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

怀孕前后酒精摄入对雌鼠植入前胚胎DNA甲基化模式建立的影响

女性怀孕前后饮酒会对胎儿的发育及神经系统造成不利影响,称为“胎儿酒精综合征”（fetal alcohol spectrum disorders,FASD）。小鼠通常作为研究该病的动物模型。该实验采用体外培养技术及体内冲胚法研究雌鼠怀孕前后酒精摄入对各期植入前胚胎全基因组DNAT基化模式建立的影响。小鼠植入前胚胎体外培养实验发现,体外实验组I（怀孕前酒精处理组1,除8-cell外,其他各期胚胎的DNA甲基化水平明显低于体外对照组;体外实验组II（正常胚胎在含乙醇的培养基中培养）,各期植入前胚胎DNA甲基化水平均明显低于体外对照组。体内实验发现,体内实验组I（怀孕前酒精处理组）与体内的实验组II（怀孕后酒精处理组）,各期植入前胚胎DNA甲基化水平明显低于体内对照组。体内、外实验结果表明：受精前后酒精对各期植入前胚胎DNA甲基化模式的正确建立造成紊乱,该结果可为进一步揭示FSAD发病机制提供一定的实验基础。     

MODIFIED ETHANOL INJECTION METHOD FOR LIPOSOMES CONTAINING β-SITOSTEROL β-D-GLUCOSIDE

A modified ethanol injection method for liposomes containing soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC), cholesterol (Ch), β-sitosterol β-D-glucoside (Sit-G) and oleic acid (OA) was developed, that can produce homogeneous unilamellar liposomes without the use of sonication and dialysis. In this method, water is poured into a concentrated lipid-ethanol solution and then ethanol is removed in an evaporator. Dilution with water causes spontaneous formation of small and homogenous unilamellar vesicles from micellar aggregate. The size of liposomes can be controlled by the ratio of ethanol to water. OA and Sit-G were distributed at the surface of liposomes and were recognized by Concanavalin A, respectively. This easy and quick method for preparation of liposomes may be applicable in many areas.     

Manufacture of liposomes by isopropanol injection: characterization of the method

Unilamellar liposomes are conventionally prepared by rapid injection of an ethanolic solution of lipids into an aqueous medium. The aim of the present study was to control, more efficiently, vesicle diameter by using an alternative solvent. The results show that isopropanol injection is a good alternative to ethanol injection for the manufacture of liposomes. Particle size can be controlled by the variation of process parameters, such as stirring speed of the aqueous phase and injection flow rate of lipid-isopropanol solution. Diameter of vesicles obtained by this method is less affected by the nature of phospholipid, as well as lipid concentration, than in the ethanol-injection process. In addition, the vesicles are generally smaller (approximately 40–210?nm). Accurate characterization of the particles, by fluorescence, ³¹P-NMR, and cryo–transmission electron microscopy, showed that particles are formed of a single lipid bilayer around an aqueous cavity. We thus provide the scientific community with a fully characterized alternative method to produce unilamellar vesicles.     

Ethanol injection method for hydrophilic and lipophilic drug-loaded liposome preparation

In this article, a hydrophobic (beclomethasone dipropionate; BDP) and a hydrophilic (cytarabine; Ara-C) drugs have been encapsulated in liposomes in order to be administered via the pulmonary route. For this aim, a liposome preparation method, which is easy to scale up, the ethanol injection method, has been selected. The effects of critical process and formulation parameters have been investigated. The drug-loaded liposomes were prepared and characterized in terms of size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, release study, cell uptake, and aerodynamic behavior. Small multilamellar vesicles, with sizes ranging from about 80 to 170?nm, were successfully obtained. Results indicated a significant influence of phospholipid and cholesterol amounts on liposome size and encapsulation efficiency. The higher encapsulation efficiencies were about 100% for the hydrophobic drug (BDP) and about 16% for the hydrophilic one (Ara-C). The in vitro release study showed a prolonged release profile for BDP, in contrast with Ara-C, which was released more rapidly. The cell-uptake test revealed that fluorescent liposomes have been well internalized into the cytoplasm of SW-1573 human lung carcinoma cells, confirming the possibility to use liposomes for lung cell targeting. Nebulized Ara-C and BDP liposomes presented aerodynamic diameters compatible with deep lung deposition. In conclusion, the elaborated liposomes seem to be promising carriers for both Ara-C and BDP pulmonary delivery.