蛹虫草退化菌株的特征研究

蛹虫草作为虫草资源和健康食品之一业已产业化人工栽培。但是,蛹虫草菌种在继代培养过程中的频繁退化不仅导致其产量的急剧下降,而且成为影响行业发展的核心技术问题。作者研究了蛹虫草退化菌株与正常菌株在交配型、dsRNA感染、色度和脱氢酶活性的特征差异性。结果表明,退化菌株的脱氢酶活性和在色度培养基中的脱色能力都明显弱于正常菌株;而在交配型和dsRNA感染方面,两者未表现出差异。这一结果为蛹虫草人工栽培过程中退化菌种的早期检测提供了快速的方法。     

Proteomic profiling of naturally protected extraocular muscles from the dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most frequent neuromuscular disorder of childhood. Although this x-linked muscle disease is extremely progressive, not all subtypes of skeletal muscles are affected in the same way. While extremities and trunk muscles are drastically weakened, extraocular muscles are usually spared in Duchenne patients. In order to determine the global protein expression pattern in these naturally protected muscles we have performed a comparative proteomic study of the established mdx mouse model of x-linked muscular dystrophy. Fluorescence difference in-gel electrophoretic analysis of 9-week-old dystrophin-deficient versus age-matched normal extraocular muscle, using a pH 4-7 gel range, identified out of 1088 recognized protein spots a moderate expression change in only seven protein species. Desmin, apolipoprotein A-I binding protein and perilipin-3 were found to be increased and gelsolin, gephyrin, transaldolase, and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase were shown to be decreased in mdx extraocular muscles. Immunoblotting revealed a drastic up-regulation of utrophin, comparable levels of β-dystroglycan and key Ca²⁺-regulatory elements, and an elevated concentration of small stress proteins in mdx extraocular muscles. This suggests that despite the lack of dystrophin only a limited number of cellular systems are perturbed in mdx extraocular muscles, probably due to the substitution of dystrophin by its autosomal homolog. Utrophin appears to prevent the loss of dystrophin-associated proteins and Ca²⁺-handling elements in extraocular muscle tissue. Interestingly, the adaptive mechanisms that cause the sparing of extraocular fibers seem to be closely linked to an enhanced cellular stress response.     

Age‐ and sex‐related differences in the spatial ecology of a dichromatic tropical python (Morelia viridis)

Abstract: Despite outnumbering their temperate counterparts, tropical snake species have been poorly studied. Yet, the few tropical species that have been studied show a variety of behavioural traits beyond those described in temperate species. Here we reveal both age and sexual differences in the movements of tropical green pythons (Morelia viridis: Pythonidae). We radio‐tracked 27 individuals (17 females and 10 males) for up to 18 months, locating individuals during both the day and night. The home range size for adult females (mean ± SE of 6.21 ± 1.85 ha) was correlated with snout–vent length. Neither adult males nor juveniles had a stable home range. Adult females had stable home ranges that overlapped considerably with those of other females and yellow individuals. Multiple radio‐tracked adult males passed through the territory of radio‐tracked adult females during the study. Females of all sizes were more likely to change position each day than males. There were no differences between the sexes or size categories in the distances moved in most months, although the variation in movement distances was higher in the dry season than during the wet season. In the wet season (January–March) movement distances increased and these were size‐ and sex‐related. This increased activity may be associated with mate searching. Males of M. viridis may maximize their rate of encountering mature females by roaming rather than maintaining a home range. Juvenile green pythons moved distances equal to adult snakes in most months despite their comparatively small size.     

樱桃品种资源间遗传差异的RAPD分析

以来自欧洲甜樱桃（Prunus avium）和中国樱桃（Prunus pseudocerasus）的11份品种资源为试材,用34个随机引物对这些种质间的RAPD多态性进行了分析。除了S1090外,几乎所有的引物均能将欧洲甜樱桃品种和中国樱桃品种区分开来。用11个能在甜樱桃品种间表现多态性的引物所产生的101个位点进行相似系数的计算和聚类分析,结果将供试种质划分为两大组群：中国樱桃组群和甜樱桃组群,其中甜樱桃组群又可分为两个亚组。这一研究结果对了解这些种质的遗传差异程度．从而有目的地拓宽育种材料的遗传背景和在育种过程中创造出较大幅度的遗传变异有重要意义。     

长白山北坡与西坡岳桦种群差异分析

本研究通过植被调查,从密度、胸径、树高、树龄、世代和种群分布格局等方面分析长白山北坡与西坡岳桦(Betula ermanii Cham.)种群的坡向差异及随海拔变化的坡向差异,探讨植被坡向差异的干扰因素.结果显示,整体上北坡岳桦种群胸径、二代木比重显著大于西坡,一代木比重则相反,说明尽管西坡生境优于北坡,但西坡植被演替...     

斑翅蝗科四种蝗虫卵子发生阶段及种间差异的统计分析

通过组织学观察与测量对斑翅蝗科(直翅目,蝗总科)中4种蝗虫卵子发生各阶段进行测量和分析比较,4种蝗虫分别为:大垫尖翅蝗Epacromius coerulipes(Ivan.)、黄胫小车蝗Oedaleus infernalis Sauss.、花胫绿纹蝗Aiolopus tamulus(Fabricius)和疣蝗Trilophidia annulata(Thunberg).结果显示,在蝗虫卵子发生过程中,卵母细胞体积和形态变化显著,呈现指数增长模式;细胞核体积增长在发育初期增长显著,后期变化不显著;滤泡细胞体积和形态及数量呈现周期性变化规律;进而比较种间差异,可见不同种蝗虫的卵子发生存在不同的发育进程.