IL‐35 recombinant protein reverses inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis through regulation of inflammatory cytokines and immune cells

Interleukin‐35 (IL‐35), a member of the IL‐12 family, functions as a new anti‐inflammatory factor involved in arthritis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other immune diseases. Although IL‐35 can significantly prevent the development of inflammation in many diseases, there have been no early studies accounting for the role of IL‐35 recombinant protein in IBD and psoriasis. In this study, we assessed the therapeutic potential of IL‐35 recombinant protein in three well‐known mouse models: the dextransulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis mouse model, the keratin14 (K14)‐vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A)‐transgenic (Tg) psoriasis mouse model and the imiquimod (IMQ)‐induced psoriasis mouse model. Our results indicated that IL‐35 recombinant protein can slow down the pathologic process in DSS‐induced acute colitis mouse model by decreasing the infiltrations of macrophages, CD4⁺T and CD8⁺T cells and by promoting the infiltration of Treg cells. Further analysis demonstrated that IL‐35 recombinant protein may regulate inflammation through promoting the secretion of IL‐10 and inhibiting the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐6, TNF‐α and IL‐17 in acute colitis model. In addition, lower dose of IL‐35 recombinant protein could achieve long‐term treatment effects as TNF‐α monoclonal antibody did in the psoriasis mouse. In summary, the remarkable therapeutic effects of IL‐35 recombinant protein in acute colitis and psoriasis mouse models indicated that IL‐35 recombinant protein had a variety of anti‐inflammatory effects and was expected to become an effective candidate drug for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.     

Regulatory B cell phenotype and mechanism of action: the impact of stimulating conditions

A diverse population of regulatory B (Breg) cells reportedly exhibits significant immunomodulatory effects in various models of inflammatory responses and infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites. Breg cells contribute to maintenance of homeostasis via IL‐10 production and multiple IL‐10‐independent mechanisms. The current review describes various phenotypic and functional subsets of Breg cells in autoimmune and infectious diseases and discusses the impacts of experimental conditions that have been found to drive Breg cell differentiation.

     

抑制性IgG受体（FcγRIIB）的免疫调节作用及意义

FcγRIIB作为低亲和力IgG受体介导对多种免疫细胞功能的负反馈调节。它的两种主要分子异构体IIB1、IIB2分布于不同的细胞表面并发挥不同的抑制效应。FcγRIIB可以通过依赖和不依赖于其胞浆区ITIM结构域的方式抑制细胞的激活效应。FcγRIIB在与BCR交联后,抑制BCR与脂筏形成稳定结构,并阻止B细胞的免疫突触形成。FcγRIIB的表达失衡将导致自身免疫病、肿瘤和感染性疾病的发生发展。进一步研究阐明影响FcγRIIB受体表达或其信号传导机制的因素,将有助于人们找到治疗和控制这些疾病的新方法。     

新型疫苗佐剂的研究进展

近年来,核酸疫苗、基因工程疫苗、合成肽疫苗等新型疫苗的研究取得快速的发展,但这些疫苗与传统的灭活或活体疫苗相比,往往存在免疫原性差等问题,因此需要佐剂来增强其作用.佐剂已被证明是疫苗中的关键成分,佐剂种类众多,尚无统一的分类方法,目前应用最多的佐剂是铝佐剂和弗氏佐剂,但随着新型疫苗的开发,新型佐剂的开发必不可少.根据目...     

促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子介导低氧应激抑制淋巴细胞转化的实验研究

本实验以模拟高原低氧方法观察大鼠淋巴细胞对丝裂原（ＣｏｎＡ）的反应性及促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子（ＣＲＦ）介导急性低氧的免疫调节作用。实验结果表明：急性低氧可抑制大鼠外周血淋巴细胞转化,高原土著动物高原鼠兔（Ｏｃｈｏｔｏｎａｃｕｒｚｏｎｉａｅ）则不表现这种低氧抑制作用;肾上腺完整和肾上腺摘除大鼠第三脑室给予外源性ＣＲＦ１μｇ,表现出与低氧作用类似的淋巴细胞转化下降现象;低氧时第三脑室给予高效价ＣＲＦ抗血清可部分阻断低氧抑制作用。放射免疫分析法检测外周血浆中ＣＲＦ和皮质酮水平显示急性低氧大鼠血浆ＣＲＦ、皮质酮水平均升高,高原鼠兔无明显变化。因而,本研究提示：急性低氧可抑制淋巴细胞转化,ＣＲＦ是介导急性低氧抑制淋巴细胞转化的一种因子,而与肾上腺皮质激素的变化可能无关,高原鼠兔免疫功能对低氧不敏感。     

低氧对大鼠体液免疫的抑制作用

本实验以模拟高原低氧的方法,探讨了低氧对大鼠体液免疫的作用,并与高原鼠兔比较,体液免疫以溶血素和ＩｇＧ产生为指标。实验结果：与对照组相比,大鼠低氧１０ｄ,５ｋｍ海拔抑制溶血素形成１０．３％,７ｋｍ海拔抑制溶血素形成２１．９％;经再次免疫后又低氧１０ｄ,５ｋｍ海拔抑制溶血素形成４．２％,７ｋｍ海拔抑制溶血素形成４．６％,高原土著动物高原鼠兔则不表现上述的抑制现象;大鼠经ＳＲＢＣ腹腔致敏形成２ｄ后低氧     

Regulation of lymphocyte blastogenesis and antibody production by soluble factor released by a human B-lymphoblastoid cell line

Yam 1B, a human B lymphoblastoid cell line, spontaneously produced an immunoregulatory factor, which suppresses blastogenesis and antibody formation by human lymphocytes. The Yam 1B cells, which were derived from the peripheral blood of an adult T-cell leukemia patient, have been established and maintained in our laboratory since 1985. This cell line expressed mature B-cell surface antigens including surface immunoglobulin M (IgM), CD23, and HLA-DR; had cytoplasmic IgM; and secreted small amounts of IgM in the culture supernatants. Yam 1B was positive for Epstein-Barr virus-associated antigen (EBNA) but negative for adult T-cell-associated antigen (ATLA). The serum-free Yam 1B culture supernatants (SN) inhibited the expression of transferrin R, but neither the expression of interleukin 2 (IL-2) R(CD25) nor the production of IL-2 in the lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutin. Yam 1B SN also inhibited DNA synthesis by human T and B lymphocytes and immunoglobulin generation by normal B cells as well as by Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human B lymphoblastoid cell lines. The inhibitory activity of Yam 1B SN was inactivated at 56 degrees C and at pH 10 but was relatively stable at pH 2. It was abrogated by digestion with pronase and was partially stable by digestion with trypsin. Fractions collected from a Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration column (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals, Uppsala, Sweden) were found to have a peak of inhibitory activity of cell proliferation associated with molecules of apparent MWr of 43,000 to 67,000. The inhibitory activity of Yam 1B SN was not blocked by the anti-transforming growth factor beta antibody.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

甘草酸对巨噬细胞抗绵羊肺炎支原体感染的调控作用研究

为观察甘草酸在小鼠巨噬细胞系RAW264.7抗绵羊肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae,MO)感染中的作用,实验利用CCK-8细胞活性检测找到最佳甘草酸处理浓度;检测甘草酸对受MO感染的巨噬细胞活性的影响。流式细胞仪检测甘草酸对RAW264.7巨噬细胞生长周期的影响;ELISA检测甘草酸对受MO感染的巨噬细胞分泌TNF-α的影响;Western blot检测细胞凋亡因子Bax、Bad的表达情况。RT-PCR检测凋亡和自噬相关基因的表达情况。结果显示,浓度为12μmol/L的甘草酸显著升高RAW264.7的活性(P=0.012 9),且处于G1期的细胞数减少,G2期的细胞数增加。甘草酸(12μmol/L)可提高受MO感染的RAW264.7的增殖率(P=0.034 0),培养上清中TNF-α含量升高(P=0.015 2),巨噬细胞中促凋亡蛋白Bax表达量增加,但基因caspase 3和caspase 9的表达量显著下调(P<0.000 1),自噬相关基因Atg 7和Beclin 1表达量显著升高(P<0.000 1)。结果提示在MO感染巨噬细胞引起免疫抑制的情况下,甘草酸可通过促增殖、抑凋亡、促进TNF-α的表达、增加自噬来起到免疫调控作用。     

生物活性肽——蛋氨酸脑啡肽的免疫

源自肾上腺前脑啡肽原的具有吗啡样生物活性的内源性神经肽蛋氨酸脑啡肽(methionine enkephalin,MENK),由５个氨基酸残基Tyr Gly Gly Phe Met组成,与G蛋白偶联的７次跨膜特异性受体结合后发挥不同的生物学功能。目前,对蛋氨酸脑啡肽的作用及其机制研究已经取得了很大进展。本文就MENK对于免疫系统的调节及其对肿瘤、自身免疫病、艾滋病等免疫系统相关疾病的治疗作用予以综述。     

树突状细胞免疫调节作用及其信号转导机制

树突状细胞（DC）是最强效的抗原提呈细胞。,在抗原的刺激下,DC通过趋化因子作用由外周组织迁移至淋巴组织和器官,同时上调主要组织相容性复合体分子、共刺激分子和黏附分子的表达,分泌细胞因子,获得预激幼稚T细胞的独特能力。DC通过不同的受体吞饮、吞噬和胞吞抗原,例如C型凝集素受体捕获和呈递抗原,通过Toll样受体识别病原体和激活DC。本文主要综述了DC的免疫调节效应及其不同病原体识别受体活化和细胞内信号机制。