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991.
Ian R. Hudson Benjamin D. Wigham Paul A. Tyler 《Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology》2004,301(1):75-91
Using a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) to deploy an in situ cage experiment incorporating fluorescent Luminophore particle tracers, the gut throughput time of the deposit feeding holothurian, Stichopus tremulus (Gunnerus) was determined as 23.73 h (S.D.±2.3). For a range of individuals examined at different depths (350-500 m) and locations, throughput times varied between 19 and 26 h irrespective of animal size or gut tract length. In situ video observations of feeding behaviour showed that this species uses fine oral papillae in a ‘sweeping’ motion to target particles on the seafloor. Following detection of a food source fine-branched digitate tentacles collect a large range of sediment fragments from the seabed. The main types of particles ingested include silica fragments (<20 >500 μm), pelagic foraminifera, benthic foraminifera, fine phytodetrital remains and occasional larger rock fragments (∼1 cm). Ingested sediment consisted mainly of very fine silica fragments (∼50 μm) accounting for over 50% of the total gut contents. Frame-by-frame video analysis revealed that the particle handling time (i.e. the time taken for a tentacle insertion and the subsequent collection of food) was found to be ∼54 s. Only 10 of the 20 feeding tentacles were simultaneously employed during feeding. Use of tentacles appeared to be in sequence, alternating between the reserve and active tentacles. Estimating the rate of movement over the seabed and the total effective capture area of each tentacle, the impact of this animal on the turnover and quality of surface sediment at this deepwater site is potentially substantial. The in situ experiments provided a significant improvement over previous methods used to investigate deep-sea deposit feeders and represent a useful concept for further in situ deep-sea research using an industrial ROV. 相似文献
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994.
Roland Ludwig Magdalena Ozga Marcel Z mocky Clemens Peterbauer Klaus D. Kulbe Dietmar Haltrich 《Biocatalysis and Biotransformation》2004,22(2):97-104
An efficient enzymatic bioprocess is described in which lactose, an abundant renewable resource produced by the dairy industry, is completely and efficiently converted with a specific productivity of up to 32 g (kU h)-1 into lactobionic acid, without the formation of any by-products. The key biocatalyst of this new process is the fungal enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase which oxidizes several β-1,4-linked disaccharides including lactose specifically at position C-1 of the reducing sugar moiety to the corresponding lactones. The electron acceptor employed in this reaction is continuously regenerated with the help of laccase, a H2O-producing, copper-containing oxidase, and therefore has to be added in low, catalytic amounts only. Redox mediators that were successfully employed in this novel process and hence are compatible with the laccase regeneration system include benzoquinone, ABTS, ferricyanide, or ferrocene, amongst others. Factors affecting operational stability of the biocatalysts employed in this process include the redox mediator used, the temperature, and importantly the volumetric gas flow necessary for maintaining the dissolved oxygen tension. Lactobionic acid is a mild and sweet tasting acid with excellent chelating properties. These useful characteristics have lead to a growing number of patents for diverse applications in the food, pharmaceutical and detergent industries. 相似文献
995.
海洋野生鱼与养殖鱼比较, 其鱼油中含更多的二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、脂溶性维生素等活性成分。为提高海洋野生鱼的利用价值, 以野生小带鱼为原料进行酶法提油工艺研究。分析了不同的温度, 时间, pH值等影响因素下的提取、萃取以及离心效果, 以响应面法确定了最佳的酶解工艺条件: 液固比为6、pH7.3、酶量1000 u/g原料、搅拌速度200 r/min、45oC酶解90 min; 最优萃取条件: 萃取剂100 mL(每20 g鱼糜原料)、pH4.0、40oC萃取25 min; 离心条件: 离心速度3000 r/min (1865 g)、离心时间10 min。上述工艺条件下提油率为79.90%。改进了传统的鱼油提取工艺, 在活性成分保护上有较大改善。 相似文献
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997.
Ohsawa S Watanabe T Katada T Nishina H Miura M 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2008,371(4):639-643
Apoptosis is associated with morphological changes, including membrane blebbing, cell shrinkage, and chromatin condensation. However, the molecular mechanisms of the dynamic changes in cellular components during apoptosis are largely unknown. Here we developed a new rat monoclonal antibody, 9B1, that specifically immunolabeled dying cells in tissues and in cell cultures. The 9B1 antibody labeled the cytoplasm of apoptotic cells in a caspase-dependent manner. We identified human brain abundant membrane attached signal protein 1 (hBASP1) as the 9B1 antigen using the liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method. hBASP1 was present in the nucleus of HeLa cells, but relocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm after the caspase activation step of apoptosis. Immunostaining analysis revealed that 9B1 preferentially labeled this cytoplasmic form of hBASP1. Labeling by 9B1 to distinguish apoptotic changes could be a novel criterion for determining whether cells with activated caspases are fated for survival or death. 相似文献
998.
银杏叶聚戊烯醇的化学、纯化和药效研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
通过石油醚提取、水解、萃取和柱层析等分离,制得银杏叶叶聚戊烯醇纯样,其化学结构由NMR、IR和MS鉴定为桦木聚戊烯醇,异戊烯基单元数为15-21。另外,对聚戊烯醇的纯化工艺和毒、药理等进行了研究,提出纯化70%以上聚戊烯醇的方法,适合大指生产,为聚戊烯醇制剂的开发提供基础。 相似文献
999.
1000.
基因工程技术在食品品质改良中的应用 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
概述了用基因工程技术改良食品的食用品质,提高食品加工性能的研究和应用现状。 相似文献