印迹基因Igf2 对胎盘发育和胎儿生长的影响

基因组印迹是哺乳动物正常生长发育和行为的基础。印迹基因胰岛素样生长因子2(insulin-like growth factors II,Igf2)对胎盘及胎儿的营养供应起着不可或缺的影响。它影响胎盘的大小、形态和营养转运功能,进而影响胎儿生长的营养供应。因此Igf2表达的变化对发育编程具有重要意义,对胎盘发育和胎儿生长起着重要的作用。     

大豆种质资源耐盐性鉴定与研究

通过对793份大豆种质资源进行芽期耐盐性鉴定,以及部分品种进行苗期和全生育期耐盐性鉴定,筛选出芽期、苗期及全生育期耐盐品种117份、41份和35份。其中有3个品种(WDD1812,晋豆23和晋遗38号)在芽期和苗期都表现高耐盐性;1个品种(晋豆23)在芽期、苗期、全生育期都表现高耐盐性。晋豆23还具有高度抗旱、高抗病毒病、耐红蜘蛛等特性,而晋遗38号来源于晋豆23。芽期或苗期耐盐性为一级的品种,如中黄13、新大豆1号、陕豆125、东农46、东大1号、合丰38等,不但具有高耐盐性,而且具有很好的丰产性,有些品种还具有优质和抗逆等优异的农艺性状。本研究筛选到的耐盐品种将为大豆耐盐育种提供优异的种质资源,同时对大豆全生育期耐盐性鉴定的指标和方法的探讨,将为大豆耐盐性鉴定科学方法的建立提供重要信息。     

实验用鱼类福利的发展现状

伴随着鱼类作为科研重要材料的迅猛发展,实验用鱼类福利引起了人们的关注。本文旨在阐述国内外鱼类福利发展的历史和现状,剖析鱼类福利实施困难的因素,提供提高福利的参考对策,以期帮助科研工作者进一步地了解实验用鱼类福利,促进在实验过程中鱼类福利的发展。     

Searching for differences in the behavioural response of piglet groups subjected to novel situations

The Backtest (BT), the Open Field (OF) and the Novel Object (NO) tests have been used to identify individual reaction patterns in piglets and to measure parameters that previous studies have shown to be correlated to the coping strategies of animals. The BT allows for the classification of piglets into two different “coping styles”: high-resisting (HR) and low-resisting (LR), which respectively correspond to a (pro-)active and passive (or reactive) behavioural response.During previous research, the subjects were tested singularly, so the aim of this study was to investigate if differences between HR and LR animals could be detected when piglets are tested in a group using the OP and NO tests.A total of 132 piglets were subjected to the BT and then were housed in groups consisting of four individuals each so as to obtain HR pens, LR pens and mixed pens. We found differences in the pigs’ behaviour during the OF and the NO tests and according to the type of group. Individual differences in the behavioural response of piglets to the Backtest were not predictive of the behavioural response of the animals subjected to the OF or to NO tests.Our results show that there are no relevant differences between HR and LR piglets when they are subjected in a group to novel situations.     

藏北高原典型植被样区物候变化及其对气候变化的响应

植被物候作为陆地生态系统对气候变化的响应和反馈的重要指示,已成为区域或全球生态环境领域研究的热点。基于非对称高斯拟合方法重建了2001—2010年MODIS EVI时间序列影像,利用动态阈值法提取藏北高原植被覆盖2001—2010年每年关键物候参数。选取研究区内东部高寒灌丛草甸、中部高寒草甸及西部高寒草原和高寒荒漠4种典型植被类型,并结合附近的4个气象台站气候资料,分析典型植被物候在近10a对关键气候因子的响应特征。研究结果表明:(1)4种不同典型植被的物候特征(EVImax降低、返青期延后和生长季长度缩短)均表现出高寒灌丛草甸→高寒草甸→高寒草原→高寒荒漠草原的过渡;(2)藏北高原近10a的年平均气温及春、夏、冬三个季度的平均气温均呈显著升高的趋势,升温幅度在0.8—3.9℃/10a,降水减少趋势不显著,在这种水热条件下典型植被均表现出返青提前(7.2—15.5d/10a)、生长季延长(8.4—19.2d/10a)的趋势,而枯黄出现时间为年际间自然波动;(3)高寒灌丛草甸EVImax主要受春季降水量和气温影响,且降水的影响程度大于气温;对高寒草甸植被而言,春、夏季的气温和降水均有较大的影响;而高寒草原和高寒荒漠草原主要受夏季平均气温和降水量影响;(4)高寒灌丛草甸的返青时间主要受前一年秋季降水量的影响,相关系数达-0.579;而高寒草甸、高寒草原和高寒荒漠草原主要受春季平均气温影响,高寒荒漠草原的特征最为明显(r=-0.559)。     

大棚红肉火龙果冬春花果生长期与温度的关系

在设施大棚内应用夜间补光、增温、营养等措施,诱导4个品种红肉火龙果Hylocereus polyrhizus植株抽生三个批次冬春花,观测其花果生长期状况,分析红肉火龙果花果生长期与温度的关系。结果表明,温度显著影响火龙果冬春花果生长期,两者之间极显著负相关。三个批次红肉火龙果花果生长期差异明显,棚内温度越高,花果生长期越短。冬春季花生长与果生长的最低临界温度差异较大,分别为9℃和15℃。     

Proteomes of Leaf‐Growing Zones in Rice Genotypes with Contrasting Drought Tolerance

Plants require a distinctive cohort of enzymes to coordinate cell division and expansion. Proteomic analysis now enables interrogation of immature leaf bases where these processes occur. Hence, proteins in tissues sampled from leaves of a drought‐tolerant rice (IAC1131) are investigated to provide insights into the effect of soil drying on gene expression relative to the drought‐sensitive genotype Nipponbare. Shoot growth zones are dissected to estimate the proportion of dividing cells and extract protein for subsequent tandem mass tags quantitative proteomic analysis. Gene ontology annotations of differentially expressed proteins provide insights into responses of Nipponbare and IAC1131 to drought. Soil drying does not affect the percentage of mitotic cells in IAC1131. More than 800 proteins across most functional categories increase in drought (and decrease on rewatering) in IAC1131, including proteins involved in “organizing the meristem” and “new cell formation”. On the other hand, the percentage of dividing cells in Nipponbare is severely impaired during drought and fewer than 200 proteins respond in abundance when growing zones undergo a drying cycle. Remarkably, the proteomes of the growing zones of each genotype respond in a highly distinctive manner, reflecting their contrasting drought tolerance even at the earliest stages of leaf development.     

Nitrogen controls the net primary production of an alpine Kobresia meadow in the northern Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau

Net primary production (NPP) is a fundamental property of natural ecosystems. Understanding the temporal variations of NPP could provide new insights into the responses of communities to environmental factors. However, few studies based on long‐term field biomass measurements have directly addressed this subject in the unique environment of the Qinghai‐Tibet plateau (QTP). We examined the interannual variations of NPP during 2008–2015 by monitoring both aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and belowground net primary productivity (BNPP), and identified their relationships with environmental factors with the general linear model (GLM) and structural equation model (SEM). In addition, the interannual variation of root turnover and its controls were also investigated. The results show that the ANPP and BNPP increased by rates of 15.01 and 143.09 g/m² per year during 2008–2015, respectively. BNPP was mainly affected by growing season air temperature (GST) and growing season precipitation (GSP) rather than mean annual air temperature (MAT) or mean annual precipitation (MAP), while ANPP was only controlled by GST. In addition, available nitrogen (AN) was significantly positively associated with BNPP and ANPP. Root turnover rate averaged 30%/year, increased with soil depth, and was largely controlled by GST. Our results suggest that alpine Kobresia meadow was an N‐limited ecosystem, and the NPP on the QTP might increase further in the future in the context of global warming and nitrogen deposition.     

临“疫”发“微”——新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下“病原生物学与医学免疫学”课程思政教学模式的探索与研究

课程思政是高校思想政治理论课改革创新的重要举措,因其德育与智育协同的优势,逐渐成为高校课程改革的方向。为探究新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19,简称"新冠"病毒肺炎)疫情下"病原生物学与医学免疫学"课程思政教学模式及其实施效果,以成都中医药大学2018级中医学(5+3一体化)的2个班级学生为教学对象,其中1班采用传统教学模式,2班实行课程思政教学模式,在传统教学模式基础上,将收集到的思政素材有机融入于课前、课中、课后等教学环节。课程结束后围绕爱国情怀、中医自信、科学素养、文明互鉴等思政教育主题进行测评,以考核学生对思政元素内涵的认识与理解,并对2个班学生进行课程满意度调查,比较2个班的思政测试评分及课程满意度评分。结果提示2班的思政测试评分及满意度评分均高于1班(P<0.01),说明"新冠"病毒肺炎疫情下的课程思政教学模式优于传统教学方法,在提升医学生专业素养的同时,更具"立德树人"的实效。本研究可为其他医学专业教学提供具有参考意义的课程思政模式,促进医学专业课程思政的全面推进。     

呼伦贝尔地区贝加尔针茅草甸草原土壤CO2排放特征

采用Li-8150多通道土壤碳通量自动观测系统,于2009年6月—2010年6月对呼伦贝尔地区贝加尔针茅草甸草原土壤呼吸进行连续野外观测,分析该地区土壤CO₂通量排放特征.结果表明: 生长季内贝加尔针茅草甸草原土壤呼吸日动态呈单峰曲线,最高值出现在13:00—15:00,最低值出现在5:00—6:00,土壤呼吸呈明显的季节变化,与土壤温度和土壤含水量季节动态相吻合.土壤呼吸与各层土壤温度和土壤含水量关系可以用线性模型和指数-乘幂模型来表示;土壤呼吸与各层土壤温度呈显著的指数回归关系,Q₁₀变化范围分别为1.68～2.14和3.03～3.60,非生长季土壤温度对土壤呼吸的影响更为显著;生长季内土壤呼吸与10 cm土壤含水量呈显著正相关.2009和2010年土壤CO₂年排放量分别为488.47和507.20 g C·m^-2·a^-1,生长季排放量约占年排放量的90%.