氟污染区绿化树种的选择

前言凡使用含氟矿石(如冰晶石、磷矿石等)作原料的工厂,在碾磨、加热、酸化等过程中,以及利用含氟化合物作为接触剂、助熔剂的各种工艺过程的生产中,都会散发出大量的含氟废气与粉尘污染环境,给农林业生产及人     

Distribution of two species of sea snakes, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aipysurus laevis</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Emydocephalus annulatus</Emphasis>, in the southern Great Barrier Reef: metapopulation dynamics,marine protected areas and conservation

Aipysurus laevis and Emydocephalus annulatus typically occur in spatially discrete populations, characteristic of metapopulations; however, little is known about the factors influencing the spatial and temporal stability of populations or whether specific conservation strategies, such as networks of marine protected areas, will ensure the persistence of species. Classification tree analyses of 35 years of distribution data (90 reefs, surveyed 1–11 times) in the southern Great Barrier Reef (GBR) revealed that longitude was a major factor determining the status of A. laevis on reefs (present = 38, absent = 38 and changed = 14). Reef exposure and reef area were also important; however, these factors did not specifically account for the population fluctuations and the recent local extinctions of A. laevis in this region. There were no relationships between the status of E. annulatus (present = 16, absent = 68 and changed = 6) and spatial or physical variables. Moreover, prior protection status of reefs did not account for the distribution of either species. Biotic factors, such as habitat and prey availability and the distribution of predators, which may account for the observed patterns of distribution, are discussed. The potential for inter-population exchange among sea snake populations is poorly understood, as is the degree of protection that will be afforded to sea snakes by the recently implemented network of No-take areas in the GBR. Data from this study provide a baseline for evaluating the responses of A. laevis and E. annulatus populations to changes in biotic factors and the degree of protection afforded on reefs within an ecosystem network of No-take marine protected areas in the southern GBR. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Continuous measurement of oxygen concentration in citrus soil by means of a waterproof zirconia oxygen sensor

A limiting-current type of zirconia oxygen sensor has been developed and its efficiency was tested for the determination of oxygen in soil air. This oxygen sensor is waterproof and has a very short response time. By the use of the sensor, changes in soil oxygen concentration, due to undecomposed organic material and waterlogging, were observed. The sensor was found to be highly stable in the soil and suitable for continuous oxygen monitoring in the field.     

基于根部年轮与导管特征的黄土高原苜蓿生长衰退分析

紫花苜蓿作为黄土高原退耕还林还草工程的重要人工草本物种,对控制水土流失、植被固碳和生态环境改善等方面都发挥着重要生态作用;但是苜蓿草地在黄土高原普遍出现生长不可持续的特征,在第6年左右植被出现明显生长衰退现象。本研究在黄土高原4个降水梯度(280、400、500 mm和550 mm)的地点采集紫花苜蓿和自然对照草本物种:委陵菜的根部年轮样品,并分析了紫花苜蓿与委陵菜的年轮宽度和导管大小随年龄的变化趋势特征及与气候要素的相关关系。研究结果表明:在气候暖干化环境下,紫花苜蓿和委陵菜的年轮宽度随年龄增加都有不断下降的趋势,且在降水量偏低样点下降更为显著,这是由于植株在降水量偏低地点易遭受严重水分胁迫,以致无法满足生长所需的水分而造成根部生长速率明显减缓。紫花苜蓿根部导管大小随年龄增加均有明显下降趋势,在降水量偏低的样点下降趋势更加显著;这表明水分胁迫随年龄增加逐渐加剧,紫花苜蓿导管大小逐年下降以致不能满足自身生长的水分需求,植被生长呈衰退趋势,且在降雨偏低地区,苜蓿生长衰退出现时间较早。自然草本委陵菜根部导管大小随年龄增加均有明显上升趋势且在降水量偏低样点上升趋势更显著,这表明委陵菜通过增大根部导管大小、增加输水能力来满足随年龄增加不断上升的水分需求,这也说明委陵菜导管结构特征较好的适应了黄土高原干旱半干旱环境,生长处于可持续发展状态。     

阈值温度和积温对川西高原林线岷江冷杉径向生长的影响

高山林线的形成机理一直是高山生态学讨论的一个焦点问题,其中林线树木生长的阈值温度一直是研究热点。利用川西高原九寨沟弓杠岭林线岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)树木径向生长数据,通过树轮宽度-气候因子关系分析,探讨阈值温度和积温对林线岷江冷杉径向生长的影响。结果表明:林线岷江冷杉径向生长主要受到温度限制,其中林线岷江冷杉径向生长与当年生长季(7、8和9月)、冬季(12、1和2)及上一年9、10月温度显著正相关(P0.05),但与降水的相关性较弱。林线岷江冷杉径向生长与不同起始温度的初日负相关,与不同起始温度的终日正相关,且与9.5℃阈值温度的初日负相关最强(P0.05),与6.5℃阈值温度的终日正相关最强(P0.05)。林线岷江冷杉径向生长还与7—9.5℃的积温及9.5℃持续天数显著正相关(P0.05),说明7—9.5℃可能是形成层活动的阈值温度,尤其7℃可能是林线岷江冷杉生长的起始温度。林线岷江冷杉生长期从4月中旬开始到10月初结束,随着1980年后温度的显著升高,生长期活动积温开始增加,生长期初日提前(4.6d/10a,r~2=0.19,P=0.01),生长期终日延后(1.8 d/10a),使得生长期延长(6.4 d/10a),进而对林线岷江冷杉径向生长有显著的促进作用。未来气候变暖可能会使川西林线树木生长增加,林线可能会上移。     

入侵植物加拿大一枝黄花根际解钾菌多样性及解钾活性

入侵植物加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis)具有较强的钾(K)富集能力, 这可能和其对土壤微生物群落的改变有关。根际解钾菌能够将植物难以利用的矿物态钾转化为植物可以利用的可溶性钾, 而加拿大一枝黄花如何影响根际解钾菌多样性和解钾活性尚未明了。该研究以浙江省杭州湾湿地围垦区内自然生长的加拿大一枝黄花和其伴生本地植物白茅(Imperata cylindrica)为研究对象, 比较了加拿大一枝黄花和白茅体内及土壤中的钾含量水平, 钾供给水平对生物量积累的影响, 以及根际解钾菌的数量、多样性和解钾活性的差异。结果表明, 加拿大一枝黄花茎、叶中的钾含量均显著高于白茅, 分别是白茅的1.59和7.33倍; 加拿大一枝黄花和白茅的土壤全钾含量差异不显著, 速效钾含量在0-10 cm土层中差异显著、在10-20 cm土层中差异不显著。随着钾供应水平提高, 加拿大一枝黄花和白茅的生物量均显著增加。利用解钾培养基计数培养后发现, 加拿大一枝黄花根际解钾菌的数量是白茅的3.51倍。分离培养后将出现解钾圈的菌株进行鉴定, 利用解钾液体培养实验测定其解钾量, 发现从加拿大一枝黄花根际土中分离得到的15个解钾菌株中, 有9个具有高效解钾能力, 其处理液中K ⁺含量较空白对照高出85.11%-192.54%, 其中菌株H2-20解钾能力最强, 解钾量为10.657 mg·L ^-1。加拿大一枝黄花根际解钾菌解钾作用显著高于白茅。经16S rDNA鉴定发现, 加拿大一枝黄花15个根际解钾菌株分属11个属, 其中有6个属已经被报道证实具有明显解钾能力。这些结果表明加拿大一枝黄花根际解钾菌数量较为丰富, 且大多具有较高解钾活性, 可能对其钾富集具有重要贡献。     

树鼩PSEN1全长编码序列的克隆及分子特征分析

目的 获取树鼩早老素蛋白-1(PSEN1)的全长编码序列并进行分子特征分析。方法 以树鼩脑组织总RNA为材料,通过RT-PCR、RACE-PCR扩增和序列拼接获得PSEN1基因全长编码序列,进而通过DNAMAN、MEGA等生物信息学软件对其序列和分子特征进行分析。qRT-PCR和Western Blot进一步分析PSEN1在树鼩各个组织的表达模式。结果 克隆鉴定了树鼩PSEN1基因,其cDNA的开放阅读框全长1128 bp,编码375个氨基酸。通过系统发育谱系树、氨基酸序列对比分析,发现树鼩PSEN1与小鼠、大鼠等相比更接近人类和非人灵长类动物。qRT-PCR和Western Blot的结果表明,树鼩PSEN1在脑组织的表达量明显高于其他脏器组织。结论 通过克隆树鼩PSEN1基因序列并进行分析,为今后进一步深入研究该基因功能和建立相关疾病动物模型提供理论基础。