火炬松(Pinus taeda L.)合子胚愈伤组织的器官发生和植株再生

以火炬松(Pinus taeda L.)的成熟合子胚为外植体在附加NAA和BA的TE培养基上诱导产生了淡黄色、疏松、有光泽的颗粒状愈伤组织。经过愈伤组织的保持和增殖培养及不定芽原基的诱导培养后,进行了不同激素、低温处理和蔗糖浓度对不定芽分化的影响实验。结果表明,在附加0.5 mg·L~(-1)IBA和2 mg·L~(-1)BA的TE培养基上,愈伤组织上的不定芽分化频率最高达62.15%。不定芽分化的最佳低温处理时间是5—6周,最佳蔗糖浓度是25—30 g·L~(-1)。不定芽经伸长培养后取高于1cm的小苗用于生根。在附加IBA、BA和GA_3的TE培养基上不定芽的生很频率最高达46%。     

In vitro stem elongation of sweet pepper in media containing 24-epi-brassinolide

In vitro regeneration of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cvs Jupiter and Pimiento Perfection) has been performed via direct organogenesis. The resulting shoot-buds were placed on media containing 24-epi-brassinolide (EBR) 0.1 μM, a plant steroid lactone, in the presence or absence of zeatin 9.1 μM plus GA3 5.2 μM for further stem elongation. Different responses to these treatments were recorded depending upon the protocols used and the genotypes tested. It appears that EBR does not always act directly on stem elongation but may be an elicitor and/or an enhancer of elongation in concert with endogenous and other exogenously added growth regulators. Elongated shoots were easily rooted with alpha-naphtalenacetic acid 0.5 μM (0.1 mgl-1) and transfered to soil, and following acclimation were taken to maturity in the greenhouse. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

陆地棉枯萎病抗性基因的等位性测定及连锁分析

1995-1996年,对我国育成的有代表性的5个抗病品种进行抗枯萎病基因的等位性测定。结果表明:在所选用的5个抗病品种中至少存在两个不同的抗病基因(暂定名为Fwl和Fw2)。连锁分析显示:Fwl与T586的8个标志性状间、Fw2与T582、T586的13个标志性状间无连锁关系。 Abstract:Allelism in vestigation of genes resistante to Fusarium wilt in cotton suggested that there were 2 genes(assigned symbols Fw1 and Fw2)in 5 cultivars used.No linkage was found between Fw1 and the marker genes in T586 and between Fw2 and those marker genes in T582 and T586.     

A typology of sloping and mountainous olive plantation systems to address natural resources management

Olive plantation systems occur in a wide variety throughout the Mediterranean, especially in sloping and mountainous areas. Recent drivers of change, including the widespread introduction of mechanisation, increased use of (chemical) inputs and (drip)irrigation have considerably added to this diversity. The various systems have very different resource use patterns and environmental and social performances. This article attempts to grasp these differences and to link systems characteristics to options for natural resources management in the spirit of contemporary agricultural policies that seek to promote a more sustainable agriculture. Cluster analysis was employed to classify 28 olive plantation systems distinguished by regional typologies developed for six study areas: Trás‐os‐Montes (Portugal), Córdoba and Granada/Jaén (both in Spain), Haffouz (Tunisia), Basilicata/Salerno (Italy) and West‐Crete (Greece). Six types of olive plantation systems resulted: (a) very extensive, (b) traditional extensive, (c) semi‐intensive low input, (d) semi‐intensive high input, (b) intensive and (e) organic. Natural resources management options to address soil erosion, low biodiversity, wildfire risk and excessive water use are explored for each of these systems. In the discussion, it becomes evident that an important quality for a typology lies in its capacity to differentiate likely future development pathways. If options are known, policy‐makers can make choices as to what the desired pathway is and what instruments to design to facilitate it.     

籼爪交水稻F_2群体的蒸煮食味品质研究

分析了籼型高直链淀粉恢复系CG133R与糯性爪哇稻22号杂交衍生的F2群体的蒸煮品质变异及其与淀粉粘滞性特征间的相关性,以及F2群体颗粒结合淀粉合成酶(Wxa基因)和可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSⅡ-3基因)主效基因的遗传。结果表明:蒸煮品质指标和RVA谱特征值在F2群体中广泛分离,其中变异最大的是消减值,其次为胶稠度、直链淀粉含量。高直链淀粉材料各理化指标与RVA谱特征值的相关性不显著;RVA谱特征值在中、低直链淀粉含量和糯稻群体中与各理化指标存在显著或极显著相关;在中、低直链淀粉材料中,RVA谱特征值与糊化温度(GT)也存在显著或极显著相关。用Wxa基因和SSⅡ-3基因的分子标记检测到这两个基因在F2群体中存在偏分离,分别指向两个亲本类型。除高直链淀粉材料外,可以通过RVA谱特征值来辅助筛选优质水稻品种。     

基于DUS测试的上海粳稻地方品种遗传多样性分析

利用水稻DUS测试指南(2012版)中的38个水稻标准品种和52个基本测试性状对上海地区的172个粳稻地方品种进行遗传多样性分析,并与14个上海地区选育的申请品种保护的粳稻品种作比较。结果表明:地方品种表型性状共检测到176个等位变异,平均每个测试性状检测到3.6667个,变幅介于1~8个。Shannon's多样性指数(H')平均值为0.6834,变幅介于0~1.9327,77.08%的性状存在3个及以上的等位变异;地方品种的等位变异数、每个性状的等位变异数及其变异幅度、多样性指数平均值等均大于现代育成品种,在外观形态上,地方品种的遗传多样性比现代育成品种更丰富。利用UPGMA法进行聚类分析发现在相似系数为0.53时,可将186个粳稻品种分为3个类(亚)群,现代育成品种单独组成一个亚群;而主坐标分析将186个粳稻品种明显的分为地方品种和现代育成品种两大区。地方品种具有丰富的多样性,与现代育成品种具有明显的形态差异,可为今后粳稻育成品种的改良提供更多的形态基础。     

新疆野生油菜胞质雄性不育系1193A对应恢复基因的SSR标记分析

以油菜细胞质雄性不育系1193A和恢复系1193R2为亲本构建F2分离群体,并运用BSA法构建了可育和不育基因池。利用1521对SSR引物进行了多态性分析,结果表明有36对引物在亲本和基因池间都表现多态性,用F2单株验证表明有11对引物与恢复基因连锁,离恢复基因较近的2个标记CB10316和Bn GMS171分布在恢复基因Rf的两侧,遗传距离分别为3.9 c M和5.7 c M,可作为恢复系标记辅助育种的候选标记。     

Potential of Pteris vittata to Remove Tetracycline Antibiotics from Aquatic Media

The role of combined arsenic and antibiotics pollution in the environment has recently gained more attention. In this study, a new approach to eliminate tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) from water, via the fern species Pteris vittata (L.), an arsenic hyperaccumulator, was investigated. The encouraging results showed that more than half of the TCs could be removed from the water solution (with the starting concentration of TCs about 1.0 mg kg^?1 respectively) after one day of treatment. No TCs (less than 0.01 mg kg^?1) were detected in the solution after five days of treatment. The results showed that Pteris vittata has high ability to eliminate TCs, which makes it suitable for practical application. Further research found that TCs concentrations were very low in both the roots and the pinnae of Pteris vittata, which indicates that accumulation in the fronds is not the main removal mechanism and that degradation in the fronds might be the main cause. Present results provide a feasible method for simultaneous removal of arsenic and TCs from livestock-polluted wastewater. However, more research work should be done before any real-world application is made.