影响妇科腹腔镜术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的相关因素分析

目的:探讨妇科腹腔镜手术后下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析339例行妇科腹腔镜手术患者的临床资料,对患者的一般临床资料、术前实验室检查指标、手术类型、术中治疗及术后干预措施等进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:339例行妇科腹腔镜手术患者中30例术后发生DVT(发生率约8.8%),年龄(OR=1.438)、手术类型(腹腔镜妇科恶性肿瘤手术)(OR=3.153、血浆D-二聚体水平≥0.5 mg/L(OR=2.531)、术前合并症(OR=2.885)、术中气腹压(OR=2.835)、手术时间≥1h(OR=1.397)、术后卧床天数(OR=1.498)与妇科腹腔镜手术后发生DVT呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:年龄、手术类型、血浆D-二聚体水平、术前合并症、术中气腹压、手术时间及术后卧床天数是妇科腹腔镜术后发生VDT的独立危险因素。     

Synergistic induction of CXCL10 by interferon-gamma and lymphotoxin-alpha in astrocytes: Possible role in cerebral malaria

Cerebral malaria (CM) has a high mortality rate and incidence of neurological sequelae in survivors. Hypoxia and cytokine expression in the brain are two mechanisms thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of CM. The cytokines interferon (IFN)-γ and lymphotoxin (LT)-α and the chemokine CXCL10 are essential for the development of CM in a mouse model. Furthermore, serum IFN-γ protein levels are higher in human CM than in controls, and CXCL10 is elevated in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid in Ghanaian paediatric CM cases. Astrocytes actively participate in CNS pathologies, becoming activated in response to various stimuli including cytokines. Astrocyte activation also occurs in murine and human CM. We here determined the responsiveness of mouse and human astrocytes to IFN-γ and LT-α, with the aim of further elucidating the role of astrocytes in CM pathogenesis. Initially we confirmed that Ifn-γ and Cxcl10 are expressed in the brain in murine CM, and that the increased Cxcl10 expression is IFN-γ-dependant. IFN-γ induced CXCL10 production in human and murine astrocytes in vitro. The degree of induction was increased synergistically in the presence of LT-α. IFN-γ induced the expression of receptors for LT-α, while LT-α increased the expression of the receptor for IFN-γ, in the astrocytes. This cross-induction may explain the synergistic effect of the two cytokines on CXCL10 production. Expression of these receptors also was upregulated in the brain in murine CM. The results suggest that astrocytes contribute to CM pathogenesis by producing CXCL10 in response to IFN-γ and LT-α.     

川中丘陵区土地利用方式对土壤理化性质影响的灰色关联分析

以川中丘陵区小流域为研究对象,研究了坡耕地、坡改梯、甜橙林和水保林4种土地利用方式以及裸地(对照)对0～10和10～20 cm土壤容重、土壤孔隙度及土壤养分含量的影响.结果表明: 同一土地利用方式下,毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾随土层加深而减小,而土壤容重则相反,全钾层间差异不大.相同土层甜橙林毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、全磷、有效磷含量最大,容重最小,水保林全氮、碱解氮含量最高,水保林0～10 cm土层的有机质含量最高,甜橙林10～20 cm土层的有机质含量最高.0～10 cm土层,灰色关联度从大到小依次为水保林(0.9441)、甜橙林(0.8858)、梯平地(0.6300)、裸地(0.5397)、缓坡耕地(0.4714);10～20 cm土层,灰色关联度依次为水保林(0.8919)、甜橙林(0.8401)、梯平地(0.5773)、裸地(0.5301)、缓坡耕地(0.5175).水保林改善土壤理化性质作用最佳,缓坡耕地改良效果最差.     

垄作与覆膜对川中丘陵春玉米根系分布及产量的影响

通过设置田间试验,研究种植方式(垄作垄播、平作、垄作沟播)与覆膜措施对川中丘陵春玉米根系分布和玉米产量的影响.结果表明: 垄作与覆膜对玉米根系形态影响显著,覆膜显著提高了玉米根长、根表面积和根体积,拔节期覆膜较不覆膜处理分别提高了42.3%、50.0%和57.4%.覆膜提高了各土层和各水平各层次根质量,扩大了根系在土壤垂直和水平方向上的分布,提高了拔节期20～40 cm土层和水平方向上宽行0～20 cm根系比例.种植方式对根系生长和分布的影响因覆膜而异,覆膜下垄作垄播显著提高了各土层根质量和20～40 cm土层根量分配比例,同时提高了水平方向上各层次根量和宽行根系分配比例,总根质量表现为:垄作垄播>平作>垄作沟播;不覆膜下垄作沟播显著提高了窄行0～40 cm根量,吐丝期总根质量表现为:垄作沟播>垄作垄播>平作.从玉米穗部性状和产量看,覆膜降低了玉米秃尖长,提高了穗长、穗粒数、千粒重和产量,覆膜下产量表现为:垄作垄播＞平作＞垄作沟播;不覆膜下则表现为:垄作沟播＞平作＞垄作垄播.覆膜下垄作垄播促进了根系特别是深层根质量的增加,同时增加了深层根系和水平20～40 cm根系比例,这是其增产的重要原因;而不覆膜下垄作沟播有利于根系生长,从而提高产量.     

Production of chitin deacetylase by Aspergillus flavus in submerged conditions

Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained by deacetylation of chitin and has been proven to have various applications in industry and biomedicine. Deacetylation of chitin using the enzyme chitin deacetylase (CDA) is favorable in comparison to the hazardous chemical method involving strong alkali and high temperature. A fungal strain producing CDA was isolated from environmental samples collected from coastal regions of South Kerala, India. It was identified as Aspergillus flavus by morphological characteristics and ITS DNA analysis. Nutritional requirement for maximum production of CDA under submerged condition was optimized using statistical methods including Plackett–Burman and response surface methodology central composite design. A 5.98-fold enhancement in CDA production was attained in shake flasks when the fermentation process parameters were used at their optimum levels. The highest CDA activity was 57.69 ± 1.68 U under optimized bioprocess conditions that included 30 g L^?1 glucose, 40 g L^?1 yeast extract, 15 g L^?1 peptone, and 7 g L^?1 MgCl₂ at initial media pH of 7 and incubation temperature of 32°C after 48 hr of incubation, while the unoptimized basal medium yielded 9.64 ± 2.04 U.     

影响入侵种反枝苋分布的环境因子分析及可能分布区预测

反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus)是苋属入侵种中发生频率最多、分布最广、危害最严重的杂草。基于反枝苋在世界范围内4 207个实际分布点及其对应的气候、地形和土壤3类要素28个环境因子的定量关系,利用主成分分析确定了影响其分布的主要环境因子,据此估测其中心可能分布区和最大可能分布区,并与实际分布点进行比较。结果表明:14个环境因子在决定反枝苋全球分布格局中起着重要作用。反枝苋中心分布区位于新西兰南部、澳大利亚东南部、南美洲北部少数地区、北美洲西北部及东南部部分地区、欧洲大部分地区和中国东南部,最大可能分布区位于南美洲中南部、北美洲大部分、非洲北部小部分、澳大利亚南部及北部少数区域、欧洲大部分地区和亚洲大部分地区及中国除西藏、青海、新疆、四川西部以外的地区。中心分布区的预测结果与实际分布点吻合较好,而最大分布区则过于广阔。     

浙中地区林木蚧虫目录

本文系统整理了分布于浙江中部地区的林木蚧虫目录,共有8科41属64种。     

The adoral sense organ in protobranch bivalves (Mollusca): comparative fine structure with special reference to Nucula nucleus

Abstract. The adoral sense organ in bivalve molluscs is a paired ridge of specialized epithelium positioned laterally at the base of the labial palps near the mouth opening, clearly distinguishable from the surrounding epithelia. Six species of the protobranch order Nuculoida, and one species of Solemyoida, were investigated by light microscopy concerning presence, gross anatomy, and innervation of the adoral sense organ. The organ was described in detail for Nucula nucleus and N. nitidosa by transmission electron microscopy; in these two species, the organ was characterized as a pseudostratified epithelial thickening with specialized cells bearing a specialized microvillar border and a basal matrix with a lamellar layer. Three types of bipolar primary receptor cells were recognized and these were reconstructed for N. nucleus. Most of the receptor cells had 2 cilia orientated parallel to the cell surface; in addition, there were 2 types of supporting cells and 1 type of basal cell. The surrounding epithelial cells were narrow with short microvilli and lacked cilia. The homology of the organ within protobranch bivalves was suggested by a character-complex of (1) position, (2) dimension of the epithelium, (3) innervation, (4) pseudostratified construction, (5) dimension of the specialized microvillar border, (6) thickening of the basal matrix, and (7) presence of specialized cell types such as receptor cells. Despite the estimated high number of protobranch species there is only scant information available on the adoral sense organ from 24 species of 8 genera. Structures and receptor types that are similar to those found in the adoral sense organ are widespread in molluscs and other invertebrate groups; this may indicate a plesiomorphy of these characters rather than an apomorphy for the protobranch clade. Therefore, the adoral sense organ may be of minor phylogenetic value above the level of protobranch orders.     

Effects of Obesity and Body Fat Distribution on Lipids and Lipoproteins in Nondiabetic American Indians: The Strong Heart Study

Objectives: To examine the relationship between obesity and lipoprotein profiles and compare the effects of total obesity and central adiposity on lipids/lipoproteins in American Indians. Research Methods and Procedures: Participants were 773 nondiabetic American Indian women and 739 men aged 45 to 74 years participating in the Strong Heart Study. Total obesity was estimated using body mass index (BMI). Central obesity was measured as waist circumference. Lipoprotein measures included triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotei in (HDL) cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), and apolipoprotein B (apoB). Partial and canonical correlation analyses were used to examine the associations between obesity and lipids/lipoproteins. Results: Women were more obese than men in Arizona (median BMI 32.1 vs. 29.2 kg/m²) and South Dakota and North Dakota (28.3 vs. 28.0 kg/m²), but there was no sex difference in waist circumference. Men had higher apoB and lower apoAI levels than did women. In women, when adjusted for center, gender, and age, BMI was significantly related to HDL cholesterol (r = ?0.24, p < 0.001). There was a significant but weak relation with apoAI (r = ?0.14 p < 0.001). Waist circumference was positively related to triglycerides (r = 0.14 p < 0.001) and negatively related to HDL cholesterol (r = ?0.23, p < 0.001) and apoAI (r = ?0.13, p < 0.001). In men, BMI was positively correlated with triglycerides (r = 0.30, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol (r = ?0.35, p < 0.001) and apoAI (r = ?0.23, p < 0.001). Triglycerides increased with waist circumference (r = 0.30, p < 0.001) and HDL cholesterol decreased with waist circumference (r = ?0.36 p < 0.001). In both women and men there was an inverted U‐shaped relationship between obesity and waist with LDL cholesterol and apoB. In canonical correlation analysis, waist circumference received a greater weight (0.86) than did BMI (0.17) in women. However, the canonical weights were similar for waist (0.46) and BMI (0.56) in men. Only HDL cholesterol (?1.02) carried greater weight in women, whereas in men, triglycerides (0.50), and HDL cholesterol (?0.64) carried a large amount of weight. All the correlation coefficients between BMI, waist circumference, and the first canonical variable of lipids/lipoproteins or between the individual lipid/lipoprotein variables and the first canonical variable of obesity were smaller in women than in men. Triglycerides and HDL cholesterol showed clinically meaningful changes with BMI and waist circumference in men. All lipid/lipoprotein changes in women in relation to BMI and waist circumference were minimal. Discussion: The main lipoprotein abnormality related to obesity in American Indians was decreased HDL cholesterol, especially in men. Central adiposity was more associated with abnormal lipid/lipoprotein profiles than general obesity in women; both were equally important in men.     

中枢神经蛋白质组分析中双向电泳技术的建立

建立和优化了中枢神经组织蛋白质组分析所需的双向电泳及相关技术.由于中枢神经组织结构的特殊性,样品处理非常困难.对样品液组成、样品处理、上样方式、上样量、IPG胶条和SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳染色方法和保存等相关技术进行了比较研究和条件优化后,以固相pH梯度等电聚焦为第一向和SDS均一胶（T=12.5%）的水平电泳为第二向,成功地得到了神经组织双向电泳图谱.