Fruit Malformation of Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) Infected by Citrus Yellow Vein Clearing Virus

In 2013–2014, malformed young Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) fruits were found in Xunwu County, Jiangxi Province, China. Common disease symptoms include slightly curled and backward‐twisted spring leaves, cracked and deformed leaf edges, thickly grown spring twigs with twisted and slightly bent shoots, and malformed young fruits where groovelike depression forms from the upper portion and resembles a pumpkin. On the basis of the morphological characteristics, sequencing results and phylogenetic analysis of the infected plant, we identified the disease as citrus yellow vein clearing, which is caused by Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV). To our knowledge, this study is the first to report CYVCV infecting Satsuma mandarin.     

产酸丙酸杆菌耐酸菌株的选育及其应用

为了解除微生物发酵生产丙酸过程中代谢产物(丙酸)对菌体生长的抑制作用,以实验室保藏的产酸丙酸杆菌(耐30g/L丙酸)为出发菌株P-0,通过丙酸压力筛选获得了一株耐10g/L丙酸的产酸性能良好的菌株P-10,降低了发酵过程中丙酸对菌体生长的抑制作用。菌株P-10做摇瓶发酵,发酵周期168h,丙酸浓度为49.66g/L,产酸速率为0.30g/(L·h),较出发菌株P-0提高了53.04%;7L发酵罐实验表明,菌株P-10发酵周期168h,丙酸浓度为55.63g/L,产酸速率0.33g/(L·h)。同时对菌株P-10做二次接种实验,结果表明,84h为二次接种最适时间段,且84h进行二次接种时,丙酸浓度提高了17.77%,二次接种实验不但有利于有机酸的积累,而且可以提高菌株的产酸能力和耐酸能力;经过选育的菌株P-10具有优良的产酸稳定性,有利于菌种的工业化生产和应用,同时对后续的发酵分离耦合具有重要意义。     

大隐静脉顺行序贯式吻合技术在冠心病患者中的应用

目的:探讨大隐静脉(SVG)顺行序贯式吻合技术在冠心病患者中的应用价值。方法:收集我院2011年1月至2014年6月收治的78例冠心病患者,回顾性分析患者非体外循环下行SVG顺行序贯式冠状动脉旁路移植术患者的临床资料,术后随访1~3.5年,平均(2.1±1.5)年,密切观察患者治疗效果以及相应的并发症的发生情况。结果:SVG双支桥48例,三支桥20例,四支桥10例,吻合口共196个。术后测定近段血流流速(37.14±11.78)m L/min,搏动指数(PI)值(3.00±1.25)。术后出现2例低心排血量综合征,2例迟发性心脏压塞,除1例因序贯出现多脏器功能衰竭而死亡外,其余均痊愈。术后复查,SVG桥的通畅率为100%。结论:SVG顺行序贯吻合能尽快恢复心脏供血,术后通畅率高,在医生严格掌握手术技巧的前提下,可安全用于冠心病的治疗。     

声弹性成像结合等硬度区域面积测量技术在离体血栓模型中的应用价值

目的:探讨一种声弹性成像定量分析方法用于评价深静脉血栓(DVT)患者血栓进展的情况。方法:经处理得12条大隐静脉标本,采用声弹性成像技术分别在1d、3d、6d、9d采集静脉标本中血凝块声弹性图像;应用等硬度区域面积测量技术(AMEHR)进行处理,计算血凝块区域在静脉标本中所占的比例,并进行数据分析。结果:经由AMEHR技术分析,在1d、3d、6d、9d静脉标本中,血凝块区所占比例分别为46.72%±12.16%,71.93%±7.24%,82.17%±5.17%,91.92%±3.69%。随着血栓时间的增加,血凝块区域所占比例逐渐增加,且差异有统计学意义(P0.05);随着时间的进展,血凝块增长的速率逐渐降低(1-3d:25.21%,3-6d:10.24%,6-9d:9.75%)。结论:AMEHR技术对血栓形成时间的评估上有一定的应用价值,有望为评估血栓形成时间提供参考。     

Potential for improving pea production by co-inoculation with fluorescent Pseudomonas and Rhizobium

Seed bacterization with five plant growth promoting fluorescent Pseudomonas strains isolated from Indian and Swedish soils and three Rhizobium leguminosarumbiovar viceae strains isolated from Swedish soils were shown to promote plant growth in Pisum sativum L. cv. Capella. Co-inoculation of the fluorescent pseudomonads and Rhizobium improved plant growth in terms of shoot height, root length and dry weight. Both the fluorescent pseudomonads and Rhizobium were shown to exhibit a wide range of antifungal activity against pathogens specific to pea. Seed bacterization with plant growth promoting strains alone and together with a rhizobial isolate, R 361-27 reduced the number of infected peas grown in Fusarium oxysporum infested soils. We found that the introduced organisms were able to colonize the roots, which was confirmed using immunofluorescence staining and drug resistant mutant strains. In a synthetic culture medium, all the plant growth promoting fluorescent pseudomonads strains produced siderophores, which shown to express antifungal and antibacterial activity. Our results suggest the potential use of these bacteria to induce plant growth and disease suppression in sustainable agriculture production systems.     

Trends in rhizobial inoculant production and use

Rhizobia inoculants have contributed to increase N₂ fixation and yield in legumes crops. However, most of the inoculants produced world-wide are of poor or suboptimal quality. We discuss here why some of them are poor products and how to improve their quality and efficacy. Reported data on the inoculation rate effect can be used to design good inoculants. Technologies are now available to produce inoculants with a shelf-life of more than 1 year. Available quality control methods can help to improve the quality of inoculants although they do not take into account the physiological satus of the rhizobia. Unfortunately quality control is not commonly used except in major inoculant companies and the quality of inoculants sold on the market is low. The need for an increase in quality standards is discussed especially for the number of rhizobia delivered per seed and for the presence of contaminants. Some new technologies which able to increase efficacy and reliability of inoculation are discussed.     

蝙蝠蛾幼虫感染粉棒束孢后的病症、组织病理变化及侵入途径

蝙蝠蛾幼虫的饲养是冬虫夏草培植的先决条件,粉棒束孢作为蝙蝠蛾幼虫饲养过程中的一种常见和主要致病菌,具有极强的致病性和流行性。结合形态学观察和组织切片技术,本文研究了蝙蝠蛾幼虫感染病原菌粉棒束孢后的症状、主要组织病理变化及粉棒束孢侵染蝙蝠蛾幼虫的途径。结果表明,用浓度为1×10⁵个/mL的粉棒束孢分生孢子悬液处理蝙蝠蛾5龄幼虫,4d后在腹部气门处有黑斑出现,气门变黑,虫体随后瘫痪死亡、体色改变、收缩化僵、菌丝层包裹、形成众多孢梗束等症状。幼虫被粉棒束孢感染后,菌丝体首先利用血淋巴进行增殖,脂肪体、肌肉、消化道、丝腺和马氏管等主要组织器官先后出现不同程度的破坏,虫体体腔被大量菌丝充斥并最终僵化。组织切片观察结果表明,粉棒束孢可以通过气门侵入蝙蝠蛾幼虫体内并造成虫体死亡,菌丝穿透气管进入血淋巴后断裂成许多长短不一的短菌丝段,目前尚未观察到菌丝直接穿透幼虫体壁和从消化道侵入的现象。本研究为蝙蝠蛾幼虫饲养过程中的病害防治提供信息参考。     

No evidence for adaptation to local rhizobial mutualists in the legume Medicago lupulina

Local adaptation is a common but not ubiquitous feature of species interactions, and understanding the circumstances under which it evolves illuminates the factors that influence adaptive population divergence. Antagonistic species interactions dominate the local adaptation literature relative to mutualistic ones, preventing an overall assessment of adaptation within interspecific interactions. Here, we tested whether the legume Medicago lupulina is adapted to the locally abundant species of mutualistic nitrogen‐fixing rhizobial bacteria that vary in frequency across its eastern North American range. We reciprocally inoculated northern and southern M. lupulina genotypes with the northern (Ensifer medicae) or southern bacterium (E. meliloti) in a greenhouse experiment. Despite producing different numbers of root nodules (the structures in which the plants house the bacteria), neither northern nor southern plants produced more seeds, flowered earlier, or were more likely to flower when inoculated with their local rhizobia. We then used a pre‐existing dataset to perform a genome scan for loci that showed elevated differentiation between field‐collected plants that hosted different bacteria. None of the loci we identified belonged to the well‐characterized suite of legume–rhizobia symbiosis genes, suggesting that the rhizobia do not drive genetic divergence between M. lupulina populations. Our results demonstrate that symbiont local adaptation has not evolved in this mutualism despite large‐scale geographic variation in the identity of the interacting species.     

现存蜉蝣翅基纵脉走向及愈合模式(昆虫纲：蜉蝣目)

有翅昆虫翅基纵脉的走向及愈合模式在系统发育重建中占有重要地位。然而,现存蜉蝣翅基纵脉的走向及愈合状况在大部分种类变化极大,无法推测其原始状况,只在极少数种类保留有部分可见残迹。中国拟短丝蜉Siphluriscus chinensis的翅基保留有独立的亚前缘脉弓、部分中脉M和肘脉Cu主干以及前中脉MA及径分脉Rs的走向痕迹。据此并结合红斑蜉Ephemera rufomaculata 和大网脉蜉Chromarcys magnifica翅基的相关特征,本文提出了蜉蝣目主要纵脉基部走向及愈合的基本模式,其要点有：中脉主干在基部与径脉主干独自发出后先接近或愈合后又分离、它们各自分成两支后的前中脉及径分脉又先愈合再分离、肘脉始终独立。这种中脉与径脉先接近或愈合后分离的模式非常接近新翅类的情况而与蜻蜓很不相同(在蜻蜓,中脉与肘脉在基部愈合) 。亚前缘脉弓的作用相信是加强了因翅基骨板发达而相互远离的纵脉间的连结作用。这个假说也可以来解释蜻蜓复杂脉相的形成原因。     

紫藤脉花叶病毒cp基因在大肠杆菌中的表达及抗血清的制备

采用RT-PCR方法自紫藤脉花叶病毒北京分离物(WVMV-BJ)的基因组中分离出其CP基因,连接到原核表达载体pET22b(+)上.获得的重组子pET-WVMVCP转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)后,用IPTG进行诱导表达.SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析表明,cp基因在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达,融合蛋白分子量约为34.4 kDa.将融合蛋白纯化后免疫兔子,获得了特异性较高的抗血清.微量免疫沉淀法测定该抗血清的效价为1/1024,酶联法(enzyme-linkedimmunosorbant assay,ELISA)测定的效价为1/8192.