标准化患者模拟结合案例情景对普外科见习教学的运用分析

目的：探究标准化患者模拟结合案例情景对普外科见习教学的运用。方法：选取我科2012年本科见习生120例进行随机分组,模拟组、案例组及联合组各40例,分别采用标准化患者模拟、案例情景及标准化患者模拟结合案例情景进行教学,对比三组见习生的学习效果,分析联合教学的运用方法。结果：联合组学生见习结束后学习兴趣、知识掌握情况及讲师满意度均显著高于其他两组,其课堂气氛活跃情况明显优于案例组（P〈0．05）;三组学生传统试题错题数无明显统计学差异（P〉0．05）,联合组学生病例分析错题数明显低于案例组及模拟组（P〈0．05）;见习结束时,联合组知识掌握程度及病历书写能力均显著优于模拟组及案例组,三组数据对比存在统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论：标准化患者模拟结合案例情景能够有效弥补传统见习教学的不足,提高学生学习积极性、课堂活跃度及学习效果,使其知识掌握情况和病历书写能力得到大幅提升,是一种效果优秀的教学方式,值得广泛推广。     

高校专业基础课程“微生物学”思政案例设计

为充分挖掘微生物学课程中的思政元素,发挥专业课程在立德树人方面的重要作用,本文对微生物学课程思政的设计理念和具体案例进行介绍,构建以微生物学知识为主体,以发展历史、名人故事、励志典故、日常生活等为素材,将专业知识和思政教育融合,引导学生树立辩证思维,端正学生求真求实的科学态度,增强学生社会责任感,实现"全员育人、全程育人、全方位育人"的创新教育模式。     

研究生课程“酶工程”多元化教学改革的探索与思考

酶工程作为一门理论与实践相结合的专业课程,在生物工程专业研究生的课程设置中处于桥梁和纽带地位,对专业型人才的培养发挥着重要的作用。为了适应我国研究生专业学位教育发展的客观需求,提升酶工程课程的实践教学效果,并进一步提高学生的学习兴趣和积极性,培养研究生的应用型创新能力,我们通过在课程教学中引入虚拟仿真技术,开展案例式教学模式探索,并利用"互联网+"技术等多元化方式对该课程的教学模式、方法和手段进行尝试改革和探索,取得了一定的教学效果。本文就此进行了一些探讨,以期能为相关课程的教学改革提供一些思路和启示。     

讨论式教学在《食品工程原理》课程中的探索与实践

从《食品工程原理》课程讨论案例设计原则出发,结合讨论案例课堂实例,系统阐述了该课程讨论课教学课前要求、教学组织和课后教师总结与反思等问题。结果表明,食品工程原理的讨论式教学法有利于激发学生主动思考,培养学生的创新思维,使学生逐步具有发现问题、探究问题的能力,同时这种教学方法也有利于师生互动、教学相长,最终使学生达到具有解决食品加工过程中实际问题的能力。     

微生物学案例式教学的探索与实践

基于《微生物学》课程的知识内容零散、错综复杂等特点,应用案例式教学的模式进行探索与实践,介绍了案例式教学中案例设计、课堂实施与效果评价等要点。案例式教学对于微生物教学改革有着重要意义与推广价值,但在实施的过程中需要注意调整与不断完善。     

Application of “Streamlined” Material Input per Service Unit Concept to Small Residential Districts in China

This article reports a new application of material and energy accounting techniques to characterize and quantify the relationships between material input (and the related energy flows and emissions) and the services provided (i.e., material input per service unit [MIPS]) at the neighborhood level. The case study focuses on China's small residential district (SRD). It is concluded that linking a service (in this case, residential function) enabled by a given product (neighborhood development) to the amount of materials, energy, and emissions used or produced in creating that product offers a potential way to reduce the environmental impact of that service through more efficient use of materials, enlarged service scales, and improved buying decisions.     

Associations between periconceptional alcohol consumption and craniosynostosis, omphalocele, and gastroschisis

BACKGROUND: Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is known to be associated with certain birth defects, but the risk of other birth defects is less certain. The authors examined associations between maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and craniosynostosis, omphalocele, and gastroschisis among participants in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a large, multicenter case–control study. METHODS: A total of 6622 control infants and 1768 infants with birth defects delivered from 1997–2005 were included in the present analysis. Maternal alcohol consumption was assessed as any periconceptional consumption (1 month prepregnancy through the third pregnancy month), and by quantity‐frequency, duration, and beverage type. Alcohol consumption throughout pregnancy was explored for craniosynostosis since the period of development may extend beyond the first trimester. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression analysis. OR were adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, and state of residence at time of infant's birth. Gastroschisis OR were also adjusted for periconceptional smoking. RESULTS: Periconceptional alcohol consumption and craniosynostosis showed little evidence of an association (OR = 0.92; CI: 0.78–1.08), but alcohol consumption in the second (OR = 0.65; CI: 0.47–0.92) and third trimesters (OR = 0.68; CI: 0.49–0.95) was inversely associated with craniosynostosis. Periconceptional alcohol consumption was associated with omphalocele (OR = 1.50; CI: 1.15–1.96) and gastroschisis (OR = 1.40; CI: 1.17–1.67). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that maternal periconceptional alcohol consumption is associated with omphalocele and gastroschisis, and second and third trimester alcohol consumption are inversely associated with craniosynostosis. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Gnathostoma spinigerum Infection in the Upper Lip of a Korean Woman: An Autochthonous Case in Korea

Autochthonous human gnathostomiasis had never been reported in the Republic of Korea. We report here a case of Gnathostoma spinigerum infection in a 32-year-old Korean woman, presumed to have been infected via an indigenous route. The patient had experienced a painful migratory swelling near the left nasolabial fold area of the face for a year, with movement of the swelling to the mucosal area of the upper lip 2 weeks before surgical removal of the lesion. Histopathological examinations of the extracted tissue revealed inflammation with heavy eosinophilic infiltrations and sections of a nematode suggestive of a Gnathostoma sp. larva. The larva characteristically revealed about 25 intestinal cells with multiple (3-6) nuclei in each intestinal cell consistent with the 3rd-stage larva of G. spinigerum. The patient did not have any special history of travel abroad except a recent trip, 4 months before surgery, to China where she ate only cooked food. The patient is the first recorded autochthonous case of G. spinigerum infection in Korea.