水稻品种对褐飞虱持续抗性的筛选技术

通过水稻品种苗期和分蘖期后对褐飞虱的抗性筛选,提出TN_1受害9级时受害1～5级的为抗性品种,TN_19级后苗期10天、分蘖期后24天内保持1～5级的为持抗品种,不具持抗的抗性品种为短期抗性品种。     

Cytoplasmic male-sterile synthetics: a new approach to the exploitation of heterosis in rape

In addition to their application in the production of F₁ hybrids in rape (Brassica napus L.), cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) systems may be used to produce synthetic varieties with much higher levels of heterozygosity than those expected in conventional rape synthetics. CMS synthetics are produced by compositing a CMS A-line with several male-fertile (MF) B-lines lacking nuclear alleles for fertility restoration, and increasing the resulting mixture by natural pollination. Over generations of increase, pollination of the CMS component by the MF component of the synthetic results in the progressive loss of A-line nuclear genes from the population. The initial proportions of CMS and MF plants are expected to be preserved over several generations of natural pollination if CMS and MF plants are equal in yield. Methods for estimating the heterozygosity level of CMS synthetics, taking into account the proportion of CMS plants, number of MF parents in Syn 0, and selfing rate (s) of MF plants, are presented. If completely inbred Syn 0 parents and s of 0 and 0.75 for CMS and MF plants respectively, are assumed, the heterozygosity level (1-F) of a synthetic derived from four inbred MF parents each comprising 6.25% of Syn 0 and one inbred CMS parent comprising 75% of Syn 0 is predicted to be 0.66 in Syn 5, compared to 0.30 in synthetics derived from four MF parents only. CMS synthetics offer a novel, low-cost approach to the exploitation of heterosis in rape and other species with mixed mating systems in which self-pollination predominates.     

水稻品种形态特征对稻虱缨小蜂功能反应的影响

在室内研究了水稻品种形态特征对褐飞虱卵在稻株上的分布以及由此而对稻虱缨小蜂功能反应的影响.结果表明,在所有测试品种中,褐飞虱卵在稻株上的垂直分布型可归为3类,即上中部为主分布型、中下部为主分布型和均匀分布型.稻株上、中、下各部位的褐飞虱卵量多少与其相应部位叶鞘鞘脊的相对高度呈极显着正相关.稻虱缨小蜂对上中部为主分布型褐飞虱卵(在浙农大40上)的功能反应明显地强于对中下部为主分布型的褐飞虱卵(在浙852上).     

水稻品种形态特征对稻虱缨小蜂功能反应的影响

在室内研究了水稻品种形态特征对褐飞虱卵在稻株上的分布以及由此而对稻虱缨小蜂功能反应的影响．结果表明,在所有测试品种中,褐飞虱卵在稻株上的垂直分布型可归为３类,即上中部为主分布型、中下部为主分布型和均匀分布型．稻株上、中、下各部位的褐飞虱卵量多少与其相应部位叶鞘鞘脊的相对高度呈极显著正相关．稻虱缨小蜂对上中部为主分布型褐飞虱卵（在浙农大４０上）的功能反应明显地强于对中下部为主分布型的褐飞虱卵（在浙８５２上）．     

楼梯草属研究随记

在该文中首次给出革叶楼梯草的雄头状花序描述; 还给出樱叶楼梯草雄头状花序的修正描述和兜苞墨脱楼梯草的修正特征集要; 写出托叶楼梯草和南川楼梯草二种的分类学修订,其中包括2新变种和2新等级; 描述了小叶楼梯草组的1新种和骤尖楼梯草组的3新种; 数年前被归并为异名的兜苞墨脱楼梯草和五肋楼梯草得到恢复。     

The nutritional value of narrow-leafed lupine (Lupinus angustifolius) for fattening pigs

The aim of this study was to determine the nutrient digestibility of seeds of four varieties of narrow-leafed lupines (Lupinus angustifolius) and the possibility of soya bean meal (SBM) substitution by lupine seeds alone and in combination with rapeseed meal (RSM) in the diets of pigs. The seeds of the lupine varieties Kalif, Sonet, Zeus and Boruta were analysed. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was determined on 50 cross-bred pigs using the difference method with titanium dioxide as a marker. The substitution of SBM by lupine seeds alone (at 0 – 100%) was tested on 60 pigs (20–105 kg body weight (BW)) and by a combination of lupine seeds and RSM on 180 fattening pigs (35–80 kg BW). The chemical composition of lupine seeds differed considerably, especially in terms of crude protein and mineral content. All seeds contained less than 0.05% alkaloids and 9.3% oligosaccharides in dry matter. The ATTD of protein ranged from 70% to 74%, those of ether extract from 36% to 55% and those of gross energy from 77% to 84%. The entire replacement of SBM by lupine seeds (var. Sonet) did not have a negative effect on the performance of grower and fattener pigs. The substitution of SBM by a combination of lupines and RSM reduced the performance of growing and finishing pigs significantly.     

Effect of temperature on seedling growth under impeding conditions

Studies were carried out under controlled laboratory conditions to evaluate the seedling growth capacities of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties Pusa 209 and H208 at constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25 and 28°C (±0.5°C) and of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) variety Prabhat at 20 and 28°C (±0.5°C). Seedling growth at any given time was found to depend on ‘a’, the growth at no impedance, and ‘b’, the impedance growth factori.e., decrease in growth with increase in impedance, and on temperature. The optimum temperature for chickpea was found to be in the range of 20 to 24°C for better seedling growth characteristics, whereas for pigeonpea, 28°C was found to be more congenial than 20°C. Chickpea varieties differed in their response to temperature. Part of the M. Sc. thesis of first author submitted to the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India.     

Allozyme variation in rye,Secale cereale L.

Summary Eleven samples of eight European commercial varieties of winter rye were examined at eight polymorphic enzyme loci. Genotype frequencies fitted Hardy-Weinberg expectations at all loci in all samples studied. Of the total genetic diversity recorded at the 8 loci, only 7% was expressed between varieties. Allele frequency differences between varieties were, however, sufficient to allow a characterization of each variety by a specific set of allele frequencies. Using subsets of the original data, it could be demonstrated that all pairs of varieties but one still showed significant allozyme differences, when only 4 loci were screened in samples half the original size of 200 individuals. Even when only one locus was analyzed, all varieties but two were distinguishable, but this diagnostic locus was not identical in all pairwise comparisons.     

Composition and structure of secondary fatty alcohols and ketones,isolated from Pyrus malus skin wax

A homologous series of long-chain secondary fatty alcohols from C₂₁ to C₂₉ (C₂₉ being Predominant) has been isolated from the skin wax of a Bulgarian apple variety, Bouhavitsa. The alcohols were found only in a free state. Long-chain fatty ketones, with C₂₉ again markedly prevalent, have been isolated for the first time from the skin wax of this, and another variety, Tetovka. The C₂₉-ketone from both samples was identified by means of MS as nonacosan-10-one. A complete similarity has been found in the relative amounts of C₂₉ in the mixtures of secondary alcohols, ketones and paraffins.     

陕西药用植物区系的研究

本文论述了陕西药用植物的种类组成,区系特征,并分析了它们的分布特点。1.陕西药用植物资源丰富,共有241科989属2278种(含种下等级,下同)。2.陕西药用植物具有相对的古老性,与华中亚热带区系有着千丝万缕的联系, 同时也有较多的年青成分,表现出明显的温带性特点。3.由于南北地质。地貌、土壤及气候等条件的差异, 决定了陕西药用植物分布上具有极不均匀的特点。4.陕西药用植物具有多种区系成分,它与川东一鄂西及华北地区联系最为密切。