NKT细胞在抗肿瘤免疫中的作用及其机制

NKT细胞是免疫细胞中一类具有NK细胞特定标志的T细胞亚群,经活化,既可直接作为抗肿瘤效应细胞发挥杀伤作用,又能通过激活其他免疫效应细胞,如NK细胞,间接实现抗肿瘤作用。NKT细胞在抗肿瘤免疫、获得性免疫应答及免疫调节中起着重要作用。     

斑点嗜蓝孢孔菌化学成分、生物活性及水提物荧光猝灭研究

对斑点嗜蓝孢孔菌乙醇提取物进行分级萃取,利用柱层析技术得到6个单体化合物。经核磁数据比对为β-谷甾醇(1)、麦角甾醇(2)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(3)、5,8-过氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(4)、3-乙酰齐墩果酸(5)、白桦脂醇(6)。采用Alamar Blue法检测各有机相及单体化合物对NCI-H460人非小细胞肺癌细胞增殖的影响,用DPPH自由基清除法检测其抗氧化活性。利用荧光光谱及紫外-可见光光谱研究方法在模拟人体生理条件下,研究了斑点嗜蓝孢孔菌水提物与人纤维蛋白原的相互作用,实     

大豆异黄酮抗肿瘤效应研究进展(综述)

大豆异黄酮是大豆生长过程中形成的一类次生代谢产物,对人体具有多种生理功能。研究表明,大豆异黄酮具有抗肿瘤、预防肿瘤作用,是一种很有潜力的癌症化学预防剂,能显著降低多种恶性肿瘤的发病率。现将近几年大豆异黄酮抗肿瘤效应及其机制的研究进展综述如下,以期为大豆异黄酮的深入研究及开发利用提供参考。     

红菇属两种凝集素的分离纯化与比较研究

以红菇属大白菇Russula delica和美丽红菇Russula lepida子实体为材料,利用离子交换柱层析、凝胶过滤层析的手段,分离获得新的凝集素RDL和RLL。结合凝胶过滤层析和SDS-PAGE的手段,确定RDL和RLL分别是分子量为60kDa和32kDa的双亚基蛋白,其N-末端部分氨基酸序列分别为GLKLAKQFAL和VWYIVAIKTDVPRTT。性质研究表明,RDL在20－70℃、低于25mmol/L HCl或12.5mmol/L NaOH下稳定,其凝集活性可以被邻硝基苯酚-β-D呋喃型半乳糖苷（25mmol/L）和菊糖（50mmol/L）所抑制;RDL具有抑制人肝癌Hep G2和人乳腺癌MCF7细胞增殖以及HIV-1反转录酶（RT）的活性,其半抑制浓度IC50分别为0.88μmol/L、0.52μmol/L和0.26μmol/L。RLL在20－70℃、低于12.5mmol/L HCl或NaOH下稳定,其凝集活性可以被菊糖（25mmol/L）和邻硝基苯酚-β-D呋喃型半乳糖苷（100mmol/L）所抑制;RDL具有抑制人肝癌Hep G2和人乳腺癌MCF7细胞增殖的活性,其半抑制浓度IC50分别为1.60μmol/L和0.90μmol/L,但不具有抑制HIV-1 RT的活性。     

miRNA对T细胞分化与功能的调节作用

miRNA是一类长度为19~24 nt的内源性非编码小分子RNA,主要通过抑制mRNA的翻译或使其降解对靶基因实现转录后水平的调控。miRNA与T细胞的分化及功能密切相关,参与自身免疫性疾病、感染性疾病、肿瘤等多种病理过程的免疫调控。本文综述了近年来发现的miRNA在T细胞分化与功能调节中的作用,特别是其在抗感染与抗肿瘤免疫中的作用。     

MKK7 and ARF

Sensing, integrating, and processing of stressogenic signals must be followed by accurate differential response(s) for a cell to survive and avoid malignant transformation. The DNA damage response (DDR) pathway is vital in this process, as it deals with genotoxic/oncogenic insults, having p53 as a nodal effector that performs most of the above tasks. Accumulating data reveal that other pathways are also involved in the same or similar processes, conveying also to p53. Emerging questions are if, how, and when these additional pathways communicate with the DDR axis. Two such stress response pathways, involving the MKK7 stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) and ARF, have been shown to be interlocked with the ATM/ATR-regulated DDR axis in a highly ordered manner. This creates a new landscape in the DDR orchestrated response to genotoxic/oncogenic insults that is currently discussed.     

The in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effects of MTX-Fe3O4-PLLA-PEG-PLLA microspheres prepared by suspension-enhanced dispersion by supercritical CO2

The in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of methotrexate-loaded Fe3O4-poly-L-lactide-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly-L-lactide magnetic composite microspheres(MTX-Fe3O4-PLLA-PEG-PLLA MCMs,MMCMs),which were produced by co-precipitation(C)and microencapsulation(M)in a supercritical process,was evaluated at various levels:cellular,molecular,and integrated.The results at the cellular level indicate that MMCMs(M)show a better anti-proliferation activity than raw MTX and could induce morphological changes of cells undergoing apoptosis.At the molecular level,MMCMs(M)lead to a significantly higher relative mRNA expression of bax/bcl-2 and caspase-3 than MMCMs(C)at 10μg mL-1(P0.01);and the pro-caspase-3protein expression measured by Western blot analysis also demonstrates that MMCMs(M)can effectively activate pro-caspase-3.At the integrated level,mice bearing a sarcoma-180 tumor are used;in vivo anti-tumor activity tests reveal that MMCMs(M)with magnetic induction display a much higher tumor suppression rate and lower toxicity than raw MTX.Pharmacokinetic studies show that MMCMs(M)with magnetic induction significantly increase the accumulation of MTX in the tumor tissue compared with the other treatments.These results suggest that the MMCMs(M)prepared by the SpEDS process have great potential to play a positive role in the magnetic targeted therapy field.     

海洋微生物活性物质研究进展

由于海洋环境的特殊性和多样性,海洋生物产生了与陆地生物不同的代谢途径和防御体系,分泌出多种结构新颖、活性特异的物质,如抗生素、抗肿瘤活性物质、酶等,这些活性物质在化工、医药、食品以及生命科学等领域有着广阔的应用前景。本文主要介绍了海洋微生物活性物质的主要类型及研究现状。     

米糠多糖的提取纯化及其成分结构和活性分析

研究米糠多糖（ｒｉｃｅ ｂｒａｎ ｐｏｌｙｓａｃｃｈａｒｉｄｅ,ＲＢＳ）的提取纯化方法,并对其进行组成成分,化学结构和物理性质分析以及活性测定,热水抽提法从稻糠中制取粗制ＲＢＳ多糖,层析分离纯化得到精制多糖,对精制多糖进行元素分析、糖和蛋白含量测定、红外特征吸收光谱测定和碳谱磁共振测定,以及对Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠同源Ｍｅｔｈ－Ａ纤维肉瘤抑瘤活性测定等。测定结果显示ＲＢＳ多糖为一种以α－１,４和α－１,     

Renal Cell Carcinoma-Infiltrating CD3low Vγ9Vδ1 T Cells Represent Potentially Novel Anti-Tumor Immune Players

Due to the highly immunogenic nature of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the tumor microenvironment (TME) is enriched with various innate and adaptive immune subsets. In particular, gamma-delta (γδ) T cells can act as potent attractive mediators of adoptive cell transfer immunotherapy because of their unique properties such as non-reliance on major histocompatibility complex expression, their ability to infiltrate human tumors and recognize tumor antigens, relative insensitivity to immune checkpoint molecules, and broad tumor cytotoxicity. Therefore, it is now critical to better characterize human γδ T-cell subsets and their mechanisms in RCCs, especially the stage of differentiation. In this study, we aimed to identify γδ T cells that might have adaptive responses against RCC progression. We characterized γδ T cells in peripheral blood and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in freshly resected tumor specimens from 20 RCC patients. Furthermore, we performed a gene set enrichment analysis on RNA-sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) derived from normal kidneys and RCC tumors to ascertain the association between γδ T-cell infiltration and anti-cancer immune activity. Notably, RCC-infiltrating CD3^low Vγ9Vδ1 T cells with a terminally differentiated effector memory phenotype with up-regulated activation/exhaustion molecules were newly detected as predominant TILs, and the cytotoxic activity of these cells against RCC was confirmed in vitro. In an additional analysis of the TCGA RCC dataset, γδ T-cell enrichment scores correlated strongly with those for CTLs, Th1 cells, “exhausted” T cells, and M1 macrophages, suggesting active involvement of γδ T cells in anti-tumor rather than pro-tumor activity, and Vδ1 cells were more abundant than Vδ2 or Vδ3 cells in RCC tumor samples. Thus, we posit that Vγ9Vδ1 T cells may represent an excellent candidate for adoptive immunotherapy in RCC patients with a high risk of relapse after surgery.