榄香烯对急性血瘀模型大鼠血液流变性的影响

本文观察了榄香烯对急性血瘀模型大鼠血液流变性的影响。实验结果表明：榄香烯６．２５－２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ／ｄ,ｉｐ×７ｄ,可使血瘀模型鼠的高低切变率全血粘度和还原粘度、血浆粘度、血沉、红细胞聚集指数、纤维蛋白原及红细胞电泳时间等显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５、Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示榄香烯有活血化瘀作用     

Characterisation and serological relationships of strains of Kashmir bee virus

Isolates of novel strains of Kashmir bee virus (KBV) were obtained from field-collected dead adults of Apis mellifera from honey bee colonies in Canada and Spain. They differed from other strains of KBV in their tendency to aggregate in dilute buffer solution and in containing only three proteins when analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis compared with five proteins resolved in the type strain of KBV from Apis cerana in India and six proteins in KBV strains from South Australia and New Zealand. Immunodiffusion tests and Western blotting studies indicated that the five virus isolates were serologically related and all were related to acute paralysis virus (APV). The world distribution of KBV strains and their apparent relationship with APV are discussed.     

中药764—3对内毒素所致离体大鼠灌流肺损伤的保护作用探讨

本研究观察了大肠杆菌内毒素对大鼠离体灌流肺的氧化性损伤作用,并探讨了中药７６４－３对该损伤的保护作用。结果发现单纯离体灌流肺给予内毒素刺激未能引起肺动脉升高,这与在体情况下的反应不同。内毒素组的肺泡灌洗液中蛋白质含量和肺组织湿干重比值分别比其它组为高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,该组肺组织匀浆和肺泡灌洗液中丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量也显著高于其它组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。中药７６４－３能够显著地减轻肺水肿（Ｐ＜０．０５）     

Lack of expression on cultured human T-lymphocytes of a T-cell antigen shared by the molt-4 cell line and normal human thymocytes

Summary Four hematopoietic cell lines (CCRF-CEM, HSB-2, MOLT-4, and RPMI-8402), derived from acute lymphoblastic leukemia and expressing T-cell surface markers (T-HCL), were studied with two specific anti-T-cell sera. The sera were raised in rabbits against human thymocytes (anti-HTY) and against T-cells cultured in the presence of conditioned medium derived from lymphocytes stimulated with PHA (anti-CTC). Both sera were absorbed to obtain a T-cell specific pattern of reaction and were further absorbed with normal peripheral blood lymphocytes or with each of the four T-HCL. The anti-HTY sera absorbed with CEM, 8402, and HSB-2 still reacted with MOLT-4. A similar pattern of reactivity was found only with the anti-CTC absorbed with 8402, whereas, after absorptions with the other cell lines, this antiserum was unreactive against MOLT-4. After absorption with normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, anti-HTY still reacted with thymocytes and MOLT-4 but was negative on CTC. In contrast, anti-CTC absorbed with peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was negative on thymocytes and MOLT-4 but still reacted against CTC. Our data confirm the existence of a T-cell antigen (probably an early T-cell differentiation antigen) shared between thymus and MOLT-4. This antigen is not expressed on CTC, although these cells express an antigenic pattern more complex than PBL. Antisera to CTC represents a source of anti-T-cell sera free of contamination with antibodies to early thymus-related antigens but containing other T-cell-related specificities. Supported in part by Naval Medical Research and Development Command, Research Task No. ZF51.524.013.1025, and National Cancer Institute Contract No. Y01-CB-00319. The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the writers and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Navy Department or the naval service at large. The experiments reported herein were conducted according to the principles set forth in the current edition of the “Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals,” Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council.     

Trypanosoma cruzi: allopurinol in the treatment of mice with experimental acute Chagas disease

The therapeutic effect of allopurinol was studied in an experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection (Chagas disease) in outbred IVIC-NMRI and inbred C57B1/6J mice intraperitoneally inoculated with the parasites 2–6 days before drug treatment. Allopurinol protected against T. cruzi infection. This effect was evidenced by highly significant reductions in both parasitemias and mortality rates and increased survival time in allopurinol-treated animals compared with untreated infected mice. Allopurinol protected effectively when administered in 10 daily doses of 32–64 mg/kg body wt/day injected intraperitoneally. Using direct methods, parasitemia remained undetectable for at least 310 days. An indirect method, subinoculation to susceptible mice, showed a few circulating trypanosomes which decreased greatly in number after a second schedule of allopurinol treatment; finally no trypanosomes were detectable 275 days after treatment initiation. Allopurinol also induced a strong trypanostatic effect when tested in vitro on five different Trypanosoma cruzi strains (optimal inhibitory concentration: 3 μg/ml). These results suggest that allopurinol protects mice with acute Chagas infection by a direct trypanostatic effect. The low toxicity of this drug suggests its use in more chronic experimental Chagas infections.     

On the effects of Dikonirt (sodium salt of 2.4-Dichlorophenoxi-acetic acid) on the mortality and reproduction of Daphnia magna

The effects of sodium salt of 2.4-Dichlorophenoxi-acetic acid (2.4-D-Na) on the mortality and reproduction ofDaphnia magna have been tested.The mortality tests were performed in experiments with duration time of 24, 48 and 96 h at the temperatures of 15 and 20 °C. The toxic effect increased by 11–16 regarding 47% with increasing of temperature and exposure time.This herbicide (Dikonirt) affected adversely the reproduction of daphnids at concentration lower than tenth of LC₅₀ value.     

Trypanosoma brucei: An evaluation of salicylhydroxamic acid as a trypanocidal drug

The chemotherapeutic potential of salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) was studied in adult rats infected with a strain of Trypanosoma brucei that kills the rats in about 100 hr. The median lethal dose, administered intraperitoneally in a carboxymethyl-cellulose suspension, is approximately 820 mg/kg body weight for male and 850 mg/kg for female rats. The apparent cause of death is severe depression of the central nervous system.Half-maximal inhibition of O₂ uptake by trypanosomes in vitro requires 15 μM SHAM, whereas 100 μM inhibits over 90%. This inhibitory effect on trypanosome respiration was used as a biological assay for the effective SHAM concentration in rat plasma. After administration of a sublethal SHAM dose to rats, the effective plasma SHAM concentration rose rapidly to about 500 μM and then fell to about 10 μM at 4 hr. Nevertheless, this dose did not significantly affect the survival time of rats infected with T. brucei. Even if, by repeated SHAM administration, the plasma SHAM concentration was kept at around 100 μM for more than 4 hr, no therapeutic effect was observed.These results show that O₂ uptake is not essential for the survival of trypanosomes in rats and they support the idea that bloodstream trypanosomes have an alternative pathway for glycolysis, allowing energy production in the absence of respiration.The possibility that SHAM or other inhibitors of trypanosome respiration could stilll be trypanocidal if used in conjunction with another inhibitor of glycolysis is discussed.