Chemotaxonomic Screening of Seed Oils from the Family Saxifragaceae and Comparison with Data on Seed Oils from Grossulariaceae Obtained from Literature

Seeds of 25 members of the family Saxifragaceae, 1 × Astilbe, 1 × Darmera, 1 × Leptarrhena, 1 × Tellima, 3 × Mitella, and 18 × Saxifraga were investigated regarding oil content, as well as composition and content of fatty acids and vitamin E active compounds. The results were compared with results obtained from literature for members of the genus Ribes belonging to the closely related family Grossulariaceae to find chemometric differences between the different genera and between members of the family Saxifragaceae and Grossulariaceae, respectively. Members of the family Saxifragaceae are dominated by high amounts of linoleic and α‐linolenic acid which together account for about 80% of the total fatty acids. While α‐linolenic acid is characteristic for members of the genus Saxifraga, in other genera, linoleic acid is predominant. In comparison to members of the family Saxifragaceae members of the family Grossulariaceae also contain γ‐linolenic acid and stearidonic acid which allow a significant differentiation between both families. By principle component analysis, members of both families were divided into three distinct groups, i) species with a high content of α‐linolenic acid (genus Saxifraga), ii) species with high amounts of γ‐linolenic acid and stearidonic acid (genus Ribes), and iii) species with higher amounts of linoleic acid (other members of the family Saxifragaceae). The composition of the vitamin E active compounds was characterized by a high content of γ‐tocopherol in most members of the family Saxifragaceae, but no chemotaxonomic relevance.     

Conveying Advanced Li‐ion Battery Materials into Practice The Impact of Electrode Slurry Preparation Skills

Li‐ion batteries (LIB's) are of the greatest practical utility for portable electronics and electric vehicles (EV's). LIB energy, power and cycle life performances depend on cathode and anode compositions and morphology, electrolyte composition and the overall cell design. Electrode morphology is influenced by the shape and size of the active material (AM), conductive additive (CA) particles, the polymeric binder properties, and also on the AM/CA/binder mass ratio. At the same time, it also substantially depends on the electrode preparation process. This process is usually comprised of mixing a solvent, a binder, AM and CA powders, and casting the resulting slurry onto a current collector foil followed by a drying process. Whereas the problems of electrode morphology and their influence on the LIB‐electrode performance always receive a proper attention, the influence of slurry properties and slurry preparation techniques on the electrode morphology is often overlooked or at least underrated. The present work summarizes the current state‐of‐the‐art in the field of LIB‐electrode precursor slurries preparation, characterized by multicomponent compounds and large variations in sizes and shapes of the solid components. Approaches to LIB‐electrode slurry preparation are outlined and discussed in the context of the ultimate LIB‐electrode morphology and performance.     

A soil-plant model applied to phytoremediation of metals

This study reports a phytoremediation pot experiment using an open-source program. Unsaturated water flow was described by the Richards' equation and solute transport by the advection-dispersion equation. Sink terms in the governing flow and transport equations accounted for root water and solute uptake, respectively. Experimental data were related to application of Vetiver grass to soil contaminated by metal ions. Sensitivity analysis revealed that due to the specific experimental set-up (bottom flux not allowed), hydraulic model parameters did not influence root water (and contaminant) uptake. In contrast, the results were highly correlated with plant solar radiation interception efficiency (leaf area index). The amounts of metals accumulated in the plant tissue were compared to numerical values of cumulative uptake. Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺ uptake was satisfactorily described using a passive model. However, for Ni²⁺ and Cd²⁺, a specific calibration of the active uptake model was necessary. Calibrated MM parameters for Ni²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺ were compared to values in the literature, generally suggesting lower rates and saturation advance. A parameter (saturation ratio) was introduced to assess the efficiency of contaminant uptake. Numerical analysis, applying actual field conditions, showed the limitation of the active model for being independent of the transpiration rate.     

43 例HIV/AIDS 患者抗病毒治疗情况分析

目的:研究来第四军医大学唐都医院传染科就诊的人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病(Human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome,HIV/AIDS)患者感染状况及抗病毒治疗效果。方法:采用前瞻性随访研究的方法,收集来我院就诊的HIV/AIDS患者的基本信息,并对其实验室检查结果、治疗方案及后续随访结果进行分析。结果:随访观察的43例HIV/AIDS患者治疗前平均基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数为(330.74±176.35)cells/μL,CD8+T淋巴细胞计数为(1177.80±321.49)cells/μL,CD4+,CD8+T淋巴细胞比值为0.30±0.19;治疗一年后平均CD4+T淋巴细胞计数为(482.74±217.77)cells/μL,CD8+T淋巴细胞计数为(861.53±282.85)cells/μL,CD4+,CD8+T淋巴细胞比值为0.59±0.28。所有患者治疗一年后血浆HIV-RNA载量均达到检测限以下(500copies/m L)。结论:规范的抗病毒治疗对于改善HIV/AIDS患者预后至关重要;基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数越低,抗病毒治疗效果越差。     

钝顶螺旋藻形态、生长及光合作用对不同波段太阳辐射的响应

为探讨中不同波段的光合有效辐射对钝顶螺旋藻(Arthrospira platensis)形态、生长及光合作用的影响,实验将钝顶螺旋藻D-0083藻液转入带塞的石英管中, 石英管水平置于阳光下并在其上覆盖不同的截止型和带通型滤光片, 以使藻丝接受不同波段的太阳辐射; 并检测其生长、形态与光合活动的变化。结果发现: 所有波段 (320500、395700、510700和610700 nm) 光合有效辐射下的藻丝均螺旋变紧且生物量增加。其中以包含少量紫外辐射A (Ultraviolet-A)的蓝光波段 (320500 nm)和红光波段(600700 nm) 对藻丝形态变化、生长及光合速率的诱发效率较高。在320500、395700、510700和 610700 nm波段上的单位能量光照引起钝顶螺旋藻螺距变化的效率分别为0.070、0.015、0.021、0.045 m/(Wm2)。 波段320500 nm虽然会轻微抑制钝顶螺旋藻D-0083的有效光化学效率(Fv'/Fm')、电子传递速率(ETR)和藻蓝蛋白的荧光发射, 但是却能够有效诱导其藻丝变紧促进生长。此外, 钝顶螺旋藻D-0083的藻丝变紧程度、比生长速率变化与不同波段太阳辐射下藻丝体的光合性能相一致。该研究表明任何波段的光合有效辐射都能使螺旋藻藻丝螺旋变紧并引发生长和光合作用, 其中以蓝光和红光的效率最高。     

裂解多糖单加氧酶高效催化的研究进展

裂解多糖单加氧酶(lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases,LPMOs)是一类新发现的铜离子依赖性的氧化酶,常具有多种模块化组合,能够高效氧化降解生物质多糖.LPMOs的催化结构域为β三明治结构,活性中心含有一个铜离子.该酶的催化反应过程相对于糖苷水解酶类更加复杂,LPMOs结合底物后,首先要接受电子供体提供的电子,通过电子传递链传递给活性中心的Cu[Ⅱ],将其还原为Cu[Ⅰ],Cu[Ⅰ]结合并活化分子氧后,再氧化降解多糖链的糖苷键,生成氧化产物和非氧化产物.近年来的研究表明,在木质纤维素降解酶系中加入LPMOs能显著提高其对结晶纤维素的转化效率,因此LPMOs相关研究的深入开展可以拓展人们对其高效降解机制的认识,从而为高效降解酶系的复配以降低工业规模的生产成本等提供理论指导.本文综述了该领域相关研究的最新进展,分析了LPMOs潜在的研究方向与工业化应用的前景.     

Finite element simulations of the active stress in the imaginal disc of the Drosophila Melanogaster

During the larval stages of development, the imaginal disc of Drosphila Melanogaster is composed by a monolayer of epithelial cells, which undergo a strain actively produced by the cells themselves. The well-organized collective contraction produces a stress field that seemingly has a double morphogenetic role: it orchestrates the cellular organization towards the macroscopic shape emergence while simultaneously providing a local information on the organ size. Here we perform numerical simulations of such a mechanical control on morphogenesis at a continuum level, using a three-dimensional finite model that accounts for the active cell contraction. The numerical model is able to reproduce the (few) known qualitative characteristics of the tensional patterns within the imaginal disc of the fruit fly. The computed stress components slightly deviate from planarity, thus confirming the previous theoretical assumptions of a nonlinear elastic analytical model, and enforcing the hypothesis that the spatial variation of the mechanical stress may act as a size regulating signal that locally scales with the global dimension of the domain.     

不同产地杜仲根际土真菌群落结构的差异性分析

基于宏条码技术对采自贵州遵义县、湖南慈利县和四川旺苍县3个杜仲产地根际土壤的真菌群落组成进行了分析。研究获得根际土壤真菌有效序列共10 775条,聚类后OTUs对应的真菌类群涉及子囊菌门Ascomycota、担子菌门Basidiomycota、接合菌门Zygomycota、球囊菌门Glomeromycota、壶菌门Chytridiomycota、类原生动物门Rozellomycota的22纲、59目、103科、108个属的550个真菌分类单元(OTUs)。在属的水平上,湖南慈利样本(ECS)有119个属,优势属为镰刀菌属Fusarium,相对丰度为16.31%,其次是被孢霉属Mortierella(14.67%)、毛壳菌科Chaetomiaceae一未定属(13.01%)和木霉属Trichoderma(11.37%)等。四川旺苍样本(EWS)共有116个属,优势属为丝齿菌属Hyphodontia,相对丰度32.32%,其次为镰刀菌Fusarium(13.41%)等。贵州遵义样本(EZS)有110个属,优势属为被孢霉属Mortierella,相对丰度30.74%,其次是木霉属Trichoderma(25.96%)和镰刀菌属Fusarium(4.85%)等。α多样性分析表明,不同产地杜仲根际土壤真菌群落组成有明显差异。遵义样本(EZS)、慈利样本(ECS)和旺苍样本(EWS)的Shannon多样性指数从高到低为:ECS(2.7661)> EZS(2.4841)>EWS(2.1326)。不同杜仲产区土壤理化因子及4个主要活性成分(松脂醇二葡萄糖苷、绿原酸、京尼平苷酸和京尼平苷)与根际土真菌群落组成的相关性分析表明,4个主要活性成分皆为四川旺苍(EWS)产地含量最高,其次是湖南慈利,贵州遵义最低甚至不含京尼平苷。杜仲根际土壤样品真菌物种组成丰富,不同地区杜仲根际土壤真菌群落组成、分类单元的相对丰度及优势分类单元皆存在不同程度差异。杜仲根际土真菌群落结构的多样性与土壤理化因子及杜仲主要有效成分含量具有一定相关性。杜仲根际土真菌群落组成的结构谱是杜仲道地性的重要特征。     

外源H2O2对盐碱混合胁迫下裸燕麦幼苗生长和抗性生理的影响

为探讨信号分子过氧化氢（H₂O₂）增强裸燕麦盐碱耐性的作用及其生理机制,以裸燕麦品种‘定莜6号’为材料,在日光温室内用珍珠岩培养幼苗至三叶一心期时叶面喷施0.01 mmol·L^-1 H₂O₂的同时根部浇灌75 mmol·L^-1盐碱混合溶液（NaCl：Na₂SO₄：NaHCO₃：Na₂CO₃=12：8：9：1）或添加H₂O₂淬灭剂二甲基硫脲（DMTU）,研究对幼苗生长及叶片光合色素含量、活性氧代谢和渗透调节物质积累的影响。结果表明：喷施H₂O₂能够缓解盐碱混合胁迫对裸燕麦幼苗生长的抑制,提高幼苗根长、株高和植株干重及叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量和超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性,降低超氧阴离子、H₂O₂、丙二醛、抗坏血酸、谷胱甘肽和游离氨基酸含量,促进抗氧化物质类黄酮、总酚和原花青素及渗透调节物质可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和脯氨酸积累。添加DMTU部分或完全逆转了H₂O₂的上述作用。采用隶属函数综合评价显示,喷施H₂O₂提高了盐碱混合胁迫下裸燕麦幼苗的综合评价值D,添加DMTU完全逆转了H₂O₂对D值的提升作用。表明外源H₂O₂通过参与活性氧代谢和渗透调节物质积累等生理代谢调控缓解盐碱混合胁迫诱导的氧化伤害和生长抑制,从而提高裸燕麦对盐碱胁迫的适应能力。