乙肝病毒感染与抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体相关性分析

目的 探讨乙肝患者病毒复制活动情况与血清抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(ANCA)的相关性.方法 回顾性分析浙江大学医学院附属第一医院近三年来慢乙肝患者临床资料,排除并发自身免疫性肝病、酒精性肝病、药物性肝病等其他肝病和并发其他病毒感染,完善ANCA检测,共有21例患者纳入.根据乙肝患者入院后检测HBV DNA的拷贝水平,将患者分为HBV复制活动组和合HBV复制非活动组,根据ANCA检出情况又可分为ANCA阳性组和阴性组.采用实时荧光定量PCR检测HBVDNA拷贝水平,间接免疫荧光方法检测血清ANCA水平.结果 21例患者中,HBV复制活动组(11例)中pANCA阳性患者6例(55.5％),而HBV复制非活动组(10例)中pANCA阳性患者0例(0％)(x2=5.198,P=0.023).pANCA阳性组(6例)中HBV复制活动患者6例(100％),而pANCA阴性组(15例)中HBV复制活动患者5例(33.3％)(x2=5.198,P=0.023).而两组患者中肝硬化患者、原发性肝癌患者和ABO血型检测差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 乙肝病毒活动可能引起血管损害,同时乙型肝炎病毒引起的血管损害并不一定增加肝硬化和肝癌的发生.     

Up-regulation of Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGluR3) in rat fibrosis and cirrhosis model of persistent hypoxic condition

Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and evidence for peripheral glutamatergic fibers in mammals is still lacking. However, glutamate receptors have been identified in peripheral organs, including taste buds, myenteric plexus, and pancreatic islet cell. Protection against anoxic damage could also be explained by mechanisms mediated by postsynaptic mGluR2 or mGluR3, such as the inhibition of membrane excitability resulting from a reduction of cAMP formation by a G-protein-dependent modulation of ion channels. In addition, activation of mGluR3 present in glial cells may contribute to neuroprotection by enhancing the production of death. Thus, mGluR2/3 behaves potentially as a major defensive mechanism anoxia-tolerant species. There are a few reports for the regional pattern of hypoxic damage, which was inversely related to the expression of mGluR2/3. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression of mGluR3 in hypoxic liver in experimental model of rat liver. Proteomic analysis of protein extracts from CCl₄–induced cirrhotic liver revealed the presence␣of the mGluR3. The presence of mGluR3 in the cirrhotic liver was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis. There were a number of macrophages expressing mGluR3 mainly in the fibrous septa. After 2 weeks recovery, however, most of mGluR3 positive macrophages disappeared with collagen fibers. These results demonstrate that mGluR3 involved in the liver in response to persistent hypoxic status such as fibrotic/cirrhotic condition, and suggest that the expression of mGluR3 may be a key role functional metabolism and viability in the liver by interacting with the glutamate receptors in vivo.     

肝硬化患者肠球菌感染及体外药敏监测

目的研究肝硬化患者肠球菌感染的现状及药敏特点,以加强对肝硬化肠球菌感染的认识,指导用药。方法留取标本进行细菌培养、鉴定及药敏试验。结果所有纳入研究范围的肝硬化患者共检出肠球菌112株,其中粪肠球菌89株,占79.5%,比例最高,屎肠球菌占14.3%,居第2位。腹水中检出肠球菌64株,占57.1%,其次为痰和尿液,分别为38.1%和14.4%。肠球菌对红霉素、奈替米星的耐药率超过80%,对青霉素G、氨苄西林、呋喃妥因的敏感率超过70%,对左氧氟沙星的敏感率为58.9%,对头孢唑啉、头孢派酮的敏感率分别只有25.0%和33.0%,检出高耐氨基糖苷类肠球菌(HLAR)58株,占51.8%,未检出耐万古霉素和替考拉宁肠球菌,但检出万古霉素中介肠球菌4株,占3.6%。结论肠球菌是肝硬化患者医院感染的重要致病菌,尤以粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌为主,屎肠球菌的耐药率高于粪肠球菌,万古霉素和替考拉宁是治疗肠球菌感染的首选药物。     

微生态制剂辅助治疗肝硬化肝性脑病的疗效及对肠道菌群的影响

目的探讨微生态制剂对肝硬化肝性脑病患者的辅助治疗及对肠道菌群的影响,为该病的治疗提供参考。方法选择2016年2月至2019年2月我院门诊及住院病房收治的肝硬化肝性脑病患者70例,参照随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,各35例。对照组患者接受临床常规治疗,研究组患者在对照组治疗方案基础上加用双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗。所有患者均持续治疗2周。对比两组患者的治疗效果及血氨、肝功能指标[总胆红素(TBil)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)]、肠道黏膜屏障功能指标[内毒素、二胺氧化酶、D 乳酸]水平和肠道菌群分布的差异,记录患者治疗期间药物相关不良反应情况。结果治疗后,研究组患者治疗有效率高于对照组患者(94.29% vs 77.14%,χ²=4.200,P=0.040)。研究组患者血氨、TBil、AST、ALT、内毒素、二胺氧化酶、D 乳酸水平均低于对照组(均P<0.05)。研究组患者粪便中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量高于对照组,而肠杆菌、肠球菌数量低于对照组(均P<0.05)。治疗期间,两组患者均无明显药物相关不良反应。结论双歧杆菌四联活菌片在改善肝硬化肝性脑病患者病情方面具有积极作用,可能与其优化肠道菌群的作用密切相关。     

Use of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt combined with autologous bone marrow cell infusion in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis: an exploratory study

Background aimsCurrently, there is no treatment for decompensated liver cirrhosis except for liver transplantation. The safety and effect on liver function of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) with and without autologous bone marrow cell (BMC) infusion in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis were determined.MethodsTen patients who were diagnosed with decompensated liver cirrhosis during the period from September 2011 to July 2012 were enrolled in this study. The patients underwent TIPS (TIPS group) or combined treatment with TIPS and BMC infusion through the hepatic artery (TIPS+BMC group). All patients were monitored for adverse events, liver function and complications caused by portal hypertension during a period of 52 weeks.ResultsThe number of infused BMCs was 2.65 ± 1.20 ×10⁹. Significant improvements in the serum levels of albumin and total bilirubin and decreased Child-Pugh scores were observed in patients treated with both TIPS and BMCs (P < 0.05), whereas no such changes were observed in the TIPS group. Endoscopic findings showed that varices in the esophagus and the gastric fundus were alleviated after either treatment. All 10 patients showed a complete or partial resolution of ascites at 4 weeks. No major adverse effects were noted during the follow-up period for patients in either group.ConclusionsTIPS combined with BMC infusion is clinically safe; the treatment improved liver function and alleviated complications caused by portal hypertension; therefore, this combination has potential for treatment of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.     

肝病十二分级诊疗系统疾病管理模式效果评价

目的 评价北京市某医院开发研制的肝病十二分级诊疗系统疾病管理模式的实施效果。 方法 收集肝病十二分级诊疗系统实施前306名和实施后418名酒精性肝硬化患者病历数据,开展实施前后住院天数、住院费用以及治疗效果比较。 结果 实施后术前等待日减少1天,但总住院费用没有变化;常规治疗收入、材料费和药品收入变化有统计学意义;院内感染减少,第一诊断和第二诊断好转比例增加。 结论 实施肝病十二分级诊疗系统后,取得了一定的效果,建议在此基础上开发肝病相关病种的临床路径研究,科学测算肝病的住院天数和医疗费用。     

自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗难治性肝硬化腹水患者的临床疗效观察

目的观察自体骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSC）移植治疗肝硬化难治性腹水的疗效及安全性。方法对2010年9月至2013年9月入住南京总医院消化内科经正规利尿、补充白蛋白达3个月以上且疗效欠佳的32例肝硬化腹水患者,在原有治疗基础上加用自体BMSC移植治疗,分别于治疗前、治疗后1个月及3个月观察腹围、体重、24 h尿量、血清尿素氮、肌酐、尿钠及血清蛋白浓度等指标变化。采用方差分析、配对t检验和Wilcoxon检验进行统计学分析。结果治疗前,患者体重、腹围、24 h尿量及血清尿素氮、肌酐、血清总蛋白、血清白蛋白及尿钠排出水平分别为（66.9±3.8）kg、（94.0±3.6）cm、（966±138.7）ml、（10.5±3.6）mmol/L、（112.4±30.6）μmol/L、（63.8±4.2）g/L、（32.1±2.7）g/L、（43.8±2.3）mmol/L;治疗后1个月,分别为（66.0±3.9）kg、（93.0±3.6）cm、（1032±154.8）ml、（9.9±3.2）mmol/L、（104.8±25.6）μmol/L、（65.3±3.5）g/L、（32.6±2.9）g/L、（44.7±2.7）mmol/L;治疗后3个月,分别为（56.2±3.7）kg、（80.5±4.5）cm、（1530±180.6）ml、（7.9±2.3）mmol/L、（88.7±22.2）μmol/L、（72.8±3.3）g/L、（39.2±1.5）g/L。3个组别8个指标均数比较有统计学意义（F=78.194、117.689、120.527、6.558、6.712、54.827、83.421、493.776,均P=0.000）。治疗后1个月与治疗前水平差异无统计学意义（t分别为0.587、0.636、0.559、0.556、0.678、0.522、0.611、0.592;P=0.331、0.266、0.101、0.416、0.25、0.107、0.447）;而治疗后3个月,患者的体重、腹围较治疗前及治疗后1个月均明显减少,24 h尿量明显增加（与治疗前比较,t=3.722、3.784、3.821,与治疗后1个月比较,t=3.921、3.834、3.944,均P=0.000）,血清尿素氮、肌酐水平较治疗前及治疗后1个月均明显下降;而血清总蛋白、白蛋白及尿钠排出水平均明显升高（与治疗前比较,t=2.182、2.338、2.182、2.412、2.136,P尿素、肌酐=0.001,其余P     

穴位注射速尿治疗肝硬化腹水的疗效观察

目的：观察穴位注射速尿治疗肝硬化腹水的临床效果,寻求治疗肝硬化腹水的理想的治疗方式。方法：取穴足三里、三阴交、肾俞注射速尿20-40mg。结果：疗效显著经。统计学处理P〈0．05据有显著差异。讨论：穴位注射速尿治疗肝硬化腹水,操作简单且用药剂量小,副作用小,安全性高疗效显著。     

复方鳖甲软肝片联合阿德福韦酯对乙肝肝硬化患者肝功能和乙肝血清标 志物水平的影响

目的:探讨复方鳖甲软肝片联合阿德福韦酯对乙肝肝硬化患者肝功能和乙肝血清标志物水平的影响。方法:选择我院进行治疗的乙肝肝硬化患者60例,随机分为实验组与对照组,每组30例。对照组患者给予阿德福韦酯治疗,实验组患者在对照组基础上给予复方鳖甲软肝片治疗。比较治疗前后两组患者血浆白蛋白(ALB)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、血清总胆红素(TBIL)及凝血酶源时间(PT)水平、不良反应、HBe Ag转阴率、HBV-DNA转阴率及HBe Ag血清转化率。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后的血清ALB水平均升高,血清ALT、TBIL及PT水平均降低(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者的血清ALB水平、HBe Ag转阴率、HBV-DNA转阴率及HBe Ag血清转化率较高,血清ALT、TBIL、PT水平、不良反应发生率较低(P0.05)。结论:复方鳖甲软肝片联合阿德福韦酯较单用阿德福韦酯可更有效改善乙肝肝硬化患者的肝功能,并抑制病毒的复制,且安全性较高。