超声引导下前锯肌平面阻滞对乳腺癌改良根治术患者血清疼痛介质、血流动力学及免疫功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨超声引导下前锯肌平面（SP）阻滞对乳腺癌改良根治术患者血流动力学、血清疼痛介质、免疫功能的影响。方法：选择2020年9月-2022年5月期间我院收治的120例乳腺癌改良根治术患者,采用随机双盲对照原则将患者分为对照组和研究组,各为60例。对照组患者接受常规麻醉,研究组患者在常规麻醉基础上接受超声引导下SP阻滞。观察两组患者的镇静镇痛效果,对比两组患者疼痛介质、血流动力学及免疫功能的变化情况,记录两组围术期间不良反应发生情况。结果：研究组手术开始后10 min、术毕心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组术后24 h CD8⁺低于对照组,CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组术后24 h神经肽Y（NPY）、前列腺素E2（PGE2）、P物质（SP）低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组术后24 h疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）评分低于对照组,Ramsay镇静评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率对比,无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：超声引导下SP阻滞可加强乳腺癌改良根治术患者的镇静镇痛效果,维持血流动力学稳定,降低血清疼痛介质,减轻免疫抑制。     

超声引导下微通道与标准通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾结石的前瞻性对照研究

摘要 目的：对比超声引导下微通道经皮肾镜取石术（mPCNL）与标准通道经皮肾镜取石术（sPCNL）治疗肾结石的疗效。方法：选择空军第九八六医院2020年1月~2022年5月期间收治的肾结石患者127例,根据随机数字表法将患者分为sPCNL组（63例）和mPCNL组（64例）。对比两组临床指标、结石清除率、疼痛情况、肾功能、应激情况、炎症因子水平和并发症发生率。结果：mPCNL组的肾盂结石、肾盏结石清除率均高于sPCNL组（P<0.05）。两组肾铸形结石、鹿角形结石清除率比较无差异（P>0.05）。mPCNL组的手术时间长于sPCNL组,术中出血量、术中输液量少于sPCNL组,住院时间短于sPCNL组（P<0.05）。两组术前、术后3 d尿素氮（BUN）、血肌酐（Scr）组间及组内对比,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。mPCNL组术后3 d皮质醇（Cor）、促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）低于sPCNL组（P<0.05）。mPCNL组术后3 d白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、降钙素原（PCT）低于sPCNL组（P<0.05）。mPCNL组术后3 d视觉疼痛模拟评分（VAS）评分和P物质（SP）、前列腺素E₂（PGE₂）水平低于sPCNL组（P<0.05）。两组并发症发生率对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：与sPCNL相比,超声引导下mPCNL治疗肾结石虽会延长手术时间,但可降低术中出血量、术中输液量,缩短住院时间,减轻患者疼痛反应、应激反应和炎性反应,同时对患者的肾功能影响较小。     

A stain for demonstrating Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsies

Helicobacter pylori continues to be a significant health care problem. It is associated with a variety of stomach disorders such as gastritis, gastric ulcer disease, gastric carcinoma and B-cell gastric lymphoma. One common method diagnosing an infection by this bacterium is microscopic examination of routine processed gastric or duodenal biopsies. With this type of specimen, it is necessary to demonstrate visually the presence of H. pylori using an appropriate staining technique. This paper presents a simple staining technique for demonstrating H. pylori in gastric biopsy specimens using carbol fuchsin staining against a contrasting background of light green.     

超声引导下经皮穿刺引流对重症急性胰腺炎的精准治疗

目的:评价超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流(PCD)治疗重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的安全性及临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2011年1月-2015年12月在超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流的273例SAP患者的临床资料,比较患者引流前后外周血白细胞(WBC)、血清白介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平的变化。结果:273例患者中,131例患者仅经过PCD术后治愈出院;103例患者行超声引导下PCD术后全身症状得到明显改善,后期再采用经腹膜后内镜下清创术治愈出院,39例患者无好转,中转为开腹手术,PCD术的成功率为100%。103例经内镜下清创的患者中2例死亡,39例无好转的开腹手术患者中13例死亡。患者引流后外周血白细胞(WBC)、血清白介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平均较引流前显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:采用超声引导下的经皮穿刺置管引流治疗SAP具有定位准确、创伤小的有点,可使部分患者免于手术,或者为后续治疗创造有利条件,临床疗效显著。     

高级别前列腺上皮内瘤（HGPIN）的研究新进展

前列腺上皮内瘤（HGPIN）分为低级别上皮内瘤与高级别上皮内瘤,目前高级别前列腺上皮内瘤是公认的前列腺腺癌的癌前病变,在形态学、遗传学和分子生物学特点上和前列腺癌有许多相似之处。其病因仍不明,临床上影像学检查和实验室检查对其诊断帮助不大,其诊断主要依靠病理组织学检查,包括前列腺穿刺活检与手术切除的组织。免疫组织化学染色应用P504S、P63、34茁E12 有助于和前列腺癌相鉴别。而首次穿刺活检诊断为HGPIN 的患者应定期复查血PSA和定期行增加穿刺针数的活检,是否对HGPIN 行前列腺癌的治疗方法尚存在争议,本文对高级别前列腺上皮内瘤的研究进展做综述如下。     

Culicoides aspirated from cattle in Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama and Puerto Rico, and their role as potential vectors of bluetongue viruses

Abstract. In 1991, as part of an epidemiological study of bluetongue viruses (BTV) in the Central American and Caribbean region, eight farms located in Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama and Puerto Rico were sampled for Culicoides spp. attacking cattle. Using cattle bait, 3884 biting midges were collected with an electric aspirator during both crepuscular periods. The predominant species captured was Culicoides insignis Lutz (95%), followed by C.furens (Poey) (3.4%), C.filarifer Hoffman/ C.ocumarensis Ortiz (0.9%), C.lahillei (Iches) (0.7%), C.arubae Fox and Hoffman (<0.1%) and C.gorgasi Wirth and Blanton (<0.1%). Blood-engorged specimens from some of these species were collected and comprised: 18% of all C.insignis , 36% of C.furens , 37% of filarifer/ocumarensis and 25% of C.lahillei. No engorged C.arubae or C.gorgasi were caught. These results confirm earlier findings pointing to C.insignis, C.furens and C.filarifer/ ocumarensis as potential vectors of BTV in the region.     

Increased radiation toxicity with germline ATM variant of uncertain clinical significance

BackgroundWhile patients with ataxia telangiectasia are known to have increased radiation sensitivity, patients with germline heterozygous ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) mutations can have widely varying functional and clinical effects, which can make management decisions difficult. With an increased prevalence of gene panel-based testing for breast cancer patients, radiation oncologists are increasingly confronted with patients who carry germline ATM variants of uncertain clinical significance. This study describes the clinical courses and outcomes of 5 breast cancer patients with varying germline heterozygous ATM mutations undergoing radiation therapy at our institution in order to provide additional knowledge of the varying clinical effects to aid future decision making.Case SeriesWe identified 5 patients with breast cancer and varying germline heterozygous ATM mutations treated at the University of North Carolina Hospitals between 2015 and 2017. The median age at breast cancer diagnosis for the patient series was 46. Clinical effects of radiation treatment varied amongst the 5 patients. The one patient with a pathogenic ATM mutation had no increased radiation related toxicity. Of the 4 patients with ATM variants of uncertain significance, one patient had increased radiation sensitivity with Grade 3 dermatitis. All patients have remained recurrence free with a median duration of 18 months.ConclusionOur data illustrates that patients with germline heterozygous ATM mutations can have widely varying clinical effects with radiation therapy. Given the possibility of unpredictable deleterious effects, our study highlights the importance of caution and careful consideration when devising the multi-modality management strategy in these patients.     

Association of Body Mass Index With Clinicopathological Features of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study

ObjectiveWe examined the effect of body mass index (BMI) on clinicopathological features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).MethodsThe clinical data of 4476 patients with PTC who underwent surgical treatment were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different BMI of patients, it can be divided into underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m²), normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 24.0 kg/m²), overweight (24 ≤ BMI < 28 kg/m²), and obese (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m²). Spearman correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the BMI and the size of PTC tumor. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the association of overweight and obesity with clinicopathological features of PTC.ResultsThere was a positive correlation between the BMI and PTC tumor size (r = 0.087, P < .001). As compared with normal weight patients with PTC, overweight and obese patients with PTC had a greater risk of bilaterality (odds ratio [OR] = 1.295, OR = 1.669), multifocality (OR = 1.273, OR = 1.617), extrathyroidal extension (OR = 1.560, OR = 2.477), T (3 + 4) stage (OR = 1.482, OR = 2.392), and recurrence risk (intermediate-high risk) (OR = 1.215, OR = 1.718) (P < .05 for all). As compared with normal weight patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), overweight and obese patients with PTMC had a greater risk of bilaterality (OR = 1.341, OR = 1.737), multifocality (OR = 1.244, OR = 1.640), extrathyroidal extension (OR = 1.992, OR = 2.080), T (3 + 4) stage (OR = 1898, OR = 2.039), and recurrence risk (intermediate-high risk) (OR = 1.458, OR = 1.536) (P < .05 for all).ConclusionOverweight and obesity were significantly associated with aggressive clinicopathological features of PTC and PTMC. The impact of overweight and obesity should be considered when choosing treatment decisions for PTC and PTMC.     

Triglyceride depletion of brown adipose tissue enables analysis of mitochondrial respiratory function in permeabilized biopsies

The research on mitochondrial functions in adipocytes has increasingly evidenced that mitochondria plays an important role in the onset and/or progression of obesity and related pathologies. Mitochondrial function in brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been classically assessed by measuring either the levels/activity of mitochondrial enzymes, or the respiration in isolated mitochondria. Isolation of mitochondria is not advantageous because it demands significant time and amount of tissue and, as tissue homogenates, disrupts biochemical and physical connections of mitochondria within the cell. Here, we described a new and efficient protocol to analyze the mitochondrial respiratory states in BAT biopsies that relies on intracellular triglyceride depletion followed by tissue permeabilization. In addition to minimizing tissue requirements to ∼17 mg wet weight, the proposed protocol enabled analysis of all mitochondrial respiratory states, including phosphorylation (OXPHOS), no-phosphorylation (LEAK), and uncoupled (ETS) states, as well as the use of substrates for complex I, complex II, and cytochrome c; together, these features demonstrated mitochondrial integrity and validated the preparation efficacy. Therefore, the protocol described here increases the possibilities of answering physiological questions related to small BAT regions of human and animal models, which shall help to unravel the mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial function in health and disease.