The Volatile Profiles of a Rare Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) Honey: Shikimic Acid‐Pathway Derivatives,Terpenes, and Others

The volatile profiles of rare Malus domestica Borkh . honey were investigated for the first time. Two representative samples from Poland (sample I) and Spain (sample II) were selected by pollen analysis (44–45% of Malus spp. pollen) and investigated by GC/FID/MS after headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) and ultrasonic solvent extraction (USE). The apple honey is characterized by high percentage of shikimic acid‐pathway derivatives, as well as terpenes, norisoprenoids, and some other compounds such as coumaran and methyl 1H‐indole‐3‐acetate. The main compounds of the honey headspace were (sample I; sample II): benzaldehyde (9.4%; 32.1%), benzyl alcohol (0.3%; 14.4%), hotrienol (26.0%, 6.2%), and lilac aldehyde isomers (26.3%; 1.7%), but only Spanish sample contained car‐2‐en‐4‐one (10.2%). CH₂Cl₂ and pentane/Et₂O 1 : 2 (v/v) were used for USE. The most relevant compounds identified in the extracts were: benzaldehyde (0.9–3.9%), benzoic acid (2.0–11.2%), terpendiol I (0.3–7.4%), coumaran (0.0–2.8%), 2‐phenylacetic acid (2.0–26.4%), methyl syringate (3.9–13.1%), vomifoliol (5.0–31.8%), and methyl 1H‐indole‐3‐acetate (1.9–10.2%). Apple honey contained also benzyl alcohol, 2‐phenylethanol, (E)‐cinnamaldehyde, (E)‐cinnamyl alcohol, eugenol, vanillin, and linalool that have been found previously in apple flowers, thus disclosing similarity of both volatile profiles.     

动态增强磁共振扫描与超声弹性成像对乳腺癌的诊断价值探讨

目的:探讨动态增强磁共振成像扫描与超声弹性成像对乳腺癌良恶性肿瘤的诊断价值,为临床诊断提供影像学依据。方法:回顾性分析2009年10月至2013年5月在我院经穿刺或手术病理证实为乳腺癌的59例患者的临床资料,患者术前均行超声与动态增强MR检查。依据病理组织活检和临床随访分别评价动态增强MR和UE对乳腺癌诊断的准确性。结果:DCE-MRI检测共发现病灶59个,55个初步诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤(BI-RADS 4-5),4个诊断为良性(BI-RADS 3),诊断准确率为93.22%(55/59)。UE对59个病灶进行评分,54个评分为乳腺恶性肿瘤,5个评分为良性,诊断率为91.53%(54/59)。UE检测乳腺癌的敏感性明显低于DCE-MRI及DCE-MRI+UE,DCE-MRI检测乳腺癌的特异性明显低于UE及DCE-MRI+UE,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。DCE-MRI+UE诊断乳腺癌的准确率为96.61%(57/59),明显高于DCE-MRI或UE单独检测的准确率(P0.05)。结论:动态增强MR诊断乳腺癌的敏感性较高,而超声弹性成像的特异性较好,两者联合可提高诊断准确率,对乳腺癌的早期诊断具有重要的临床应用价值。     

尿道等离子电切和弹道超声碎石治疗前列腺增生症并膀胱结石的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨尿道等离子电切和弹道超声碎石治疗前列腺增生症并膀胱结石临床效果及安全性。方法:选择本院2012年1月~2013年8月本院泌尿外科收治的84例前列腺增生症并膀胱结石患者,观察患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、并发症、IPSS评分、QOL、PVR、Qmax。结果:84例患者手术均获成功,平均出血量(118.94±11.57)mL;平均手术时间(74.19±5.68)min;平均导尿管拔除(7.38±1.17)d;住院时间(18.65±2.41)d。术后3个月,患者IPSS评分、QOL、PVR、Qmax分别为(7.18±1.40)分、(1.54±0.32)、(19.01±4.26)mL和(23.06±4.19)mL/s,术前分别为(23.61±3.24)分、(4.44±0.81)、(108.52±9.37)mL和(5.82±0.74)mL/s,差异具有显著性统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:尿道等离子电切和弹道超声碎石治疗前列腺增生症并膀胱结石安全、有效、手术彻底且术后恢复快。     

超声处理对鲜切马铃薯中营养成分的影响

目的:研究不同超声处理对鲜切马铃薯中的营养成分产生的影响,旨在阐明超声处理技术应用到鲜切马铃薯保鲜的中可行性。方法:分别采用Folin-Ciocaileu比色法、考马斯亮蓝法、直接滴定法、指示剂滴定法、紫外分光光度计法测定总酚、蛋白质、还原糖、可滴定酸和Vc含量。结果:超声处理能够抑制贮藏后期的鲜切马铃薯的总酚升高、有利于还原糖和Vc的保留,而对蛋白质、可滴定酸含量变化的作用效果不明显。其中,25℃下300 Hz超声处理8 min的鲜切马铃薯效果较好。结论:超声处理能有效保持鲜切马铃薯的营养成分。     

超声冲洗技术在磨牙iRoot BP Plus牙髓切断术中的应用效果

摘要 目的：探究超声冲洗技术在磨牙iRoot BP Plus牙髓切断术中的应用效果。方法：2015年8月到2020年5月选择在本院进行诊治的可复性牙髓炎患者123例作为研究对象,根据随机信封1:1抽签原则把患者分为超声组62例与对照组61例,所有患者均给予iRoot BP Plus牙髓切断术,对照组给予常规冲洗,超声组给予超声冲洗,对比患牙边缘状况、术后不良反应、钙化桥形成与手术成功率。结果：（1）超声组术后3个月、6个月与12个月的手术成功率分别为100.0 %、100.0 %、98.4 %,对照组分别为100.0 %、95.1 %、86.9 %,超声组术后12个月的手术成功率高于对照组（P<0.05）。（2）超声组术后3个月、6个月与12个月的钙化桥形成率分别为51.6 %、98.4 %和100.0 %,对照组为18.0 %、50.8 %、100.0 %,超声组术后3个月、6个月钙化桥形成率均高于对照组（P<0.05）。（3）超声组术后12个月的不良反应发生率为3.2 %,低于对照组的16.4 %（P<0.05）。（4）超声组术后12个月的患牙边缘染色完整性、边缘完整性分别为98.4 %、98.4 %,高于对照组的85.2 %和88.5 %（P<0.05）。结论：超声冲洗技术在磨牙iRoot BP Plus牙髓切断术中的应用能改善患牙边缘状况,减少术后不良反应的发生,还可促进钙化桥形成,提高手术成功率。     

超声弹性成像技术及其应用

超声弹性成像作为一种新的超声成像方法,它通过获取有关组织弹性信息进行成像,弥补了X射线、超声成像(US)、磁共振成像(MRI)、计算机断层扫描(CT)等传统医学成像模态不能直接提供组织弹性的不足,具有无创、简单、便宜、容易应用等优点,被广泛应用于临床,成为目前医学弹性成像的一个研究热点。本文介绍了弹性成像基本的原理,详细阐述了血管内超声弹性成像、超声振动声成像、超声剪切波弹性成像、瞬时弹性成像、心肌弹性成像等不同激励方式下的几种超声弹性成像的基本原理、成像方法、国内外目前的研究现状、成像优缺点等,叙述了超声弹性成像在乳腺检测、前列腺癌的检测、射频消融监测和检测、冠状动脉粥样硬化的治疗等临床应用,并总结了超声弹性成像的发展趋势。     

超声刀联合双极电凝在开放甲状腺手术中的临床应用

目的:探讨超声刀联合双极电凝在开放式甲状腺手术中的临床应用价值。方法:选取我科2015年1月至2016年12月收治的224例甲状腺肿瘤患者,随机分为2组,A组112例患者采用超声刀和双极电凝进行手术,B组112例采用传统丝线结扎方法,2组均为开放式甲状腺手术。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流管拔出时间、住院时间以及术后并发症发生率。结果:A组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流管拔出时间、住院时间分别为(58.7±10.5)min、(17.1±7.1)m L、(2.8±0.3)d、(8.8±0.5)d,均低于B组的(78.6±11.7)min、(41.5±8.2)m L、(3.9±0.3)d、(11.1±0.6)d,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);A组术后总并发症发生率为4.46%(5/112),低于B组的11.61%(13/112),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:在开放式甲状腺手术中使用超声刀联合双极电凝,可明显提高手术效果,降低术后并发症的发生率,从而提升甲状腺手术的安全性。     

Antioxidant Capacity and Chemical Profiles of Satureja montana L. Honey: Hotrienol and Syringyl Derivatives as Biomarkers

The present study is focused on the antioxidant capacity and chemical profiling of eight Croatian Satureja montana L. honey samples. Among the 20 compounds obtained by headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) and identified by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses, hotrienol was predominant (75.9–81.7%). The honey matrix volatile/semivolatile profile was investigated by ultrasonic solvent extraction (USE) followed by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses. The major compounds identified by this latter method were the sinapic‐acid derivatives methyl syringate (36.2–72.8%) and syringaldehyde (2.2–43.1%). Direct, targeted HPLC‐DAD analyses of the native honey samples revealed the presence of methyl syringate (7.10–39.60 mg/kg) and syringic acid (0.10–1.70 mg/kg). In addition, the total phenolic content of the samples was determined by the Folin? Ciocalteu assay (311.0–465.9 mg GAE/kg), and the antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the DPPH radical‐scavenging activity (0.5–1.0 mmol TEAC/kg) and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (2.5–5.1 mmol Fe²⁺/kg).     

妊娠期高血压患者血清热休克蛋白70水平与心功能及免疫球蛋白的关系研究

目的:探究妊娠期高血压患者血清热休克蛋白70(HSP70)水平与心功能及免疫球蛋白的关系。方法:选择2017年4月至2018年4月在陕西省人民医院诊治的200例妊娠期高血压患者作为妊娠期高血压组,同时选择同期在我院进行孕检的200名健康孕妇作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清HSP70水平,采用全自动生化分析仪检测免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)、免疫球蛋白M(Ig M)、免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)、免疫球蛋白D(Ig D)和免疫球蛋白E(Ig E)水平,采用多普勒超声心动图监测两组的左心室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)和室间隔厚度(IVST)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)和每搏指数(SVI),计算左心室质量(LVM)、二尖瓣舒张早期血流速度峰值与二尖瓣环侧壁舒张早期运动峰速度的比值(E/Em)、舒张早期与舒张晚期血流速度峰值的比值(E/A)。采用spearman相关性分析血清HSP70水平与血清免疫球蛋白水平及心功能指标的相关性。结果:与对照组相比,妊娠期高血压组的血清HSP70水平明显升高,而Ig G和Ig M水平明显下降,并且LVESD、LVEF、E/A也明显下降(P0.05)。血清HSP70水平与Ig G、Ig M、LVESD、LVEF、E/A均呈负相关性(P0.05)。结论:妊娠期高血压患者的血清HSP70水平明显升高,并且血清HSP70水平与妊娠期高血压患者免疫功能和心功能下降存在相关性,在妊娠期高血压患者的诊断和治疗中具有一定临床价值。     

The effects of repeated early deprivation on ultrasonic vocalizations and ontogenetic development in mandarin vole pups

Early deprivation is popularly used in rodent models as an early life social stress to investigate and determine the factors that affect the development of the brain and behavior. Ultrasonic calls made by pups play an important role in parental–pup interactions during the neonatal period. However, whether repeated early deprivation affects the properties of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) produced by mandarin vole (Microtus mandarinus) pups, and whether ontogenetic development is subsequently affected, remains unclear. Here we measured USVs and developmental parameters in mandarin vole pups deprived of their parents and littermates for 3 h per day (ED, which is significantly different from 5 min isolation used to induce USVs) and another pup group developed under normal nest conditions (PC). Repeated measures analysis indicated that the number of USVs from ED pups was significantly lower than those from PC pups during the postnatal period (p < 0.05). The pulse durations of ED pups were longer than those of PC pups at two (p < 0.001) and five days of age (p < 0.05), but shorter at 14 days of age (p < 0.001). Compared with PC pups, the frequency range of the ED pups was wider at 18–45 kHZ, variable during the first week, smaller and narrower at 18–30 kHZ at eight and 11 days of age, and became stable similar to PC pups at 25 kHZ after 14 days of age. ED also reduced pup body weight significantly and resulted in earlier eye opening compared with PC pups (p < 0.001). A positive relationship was also found between USV emissions and levels of parental care received by pups. It appears that pup USVs are an important age-dependent behavioral phenotype and an effective communicative method between parents and offspring. Prolonged parental and littermate deprivation (ED) may alter USVs emitted by pups and then ontogenetic development and parental care. Mandarin voles show USV properties similar to socially monogamous rodents and this add further support to the hypothesis that species with different social systems produce different patterns of ultrasonic vocalizations. USVs, ontogenetic development and parental care are closely associated.