太和香椿总黄酮的提取及含量测定

设计正交实验对酶解水提法进行优化,以浸提液中总黄酮得率作为考察指标。采用最佳提取方法提取太和产香椿5个品种的总黄酮,比较其含量大小。结果表明酶解水提法的最佳提取条件是料液比1∶40。酶用量15U/g,酶解时间90min,酶解后水提时间120min。红油椿的总黄酮含量最高,黑油椿次之,其次是红椿、青椿,毛椿的总黄酮含量最少。     

福建3个产地水仙的核型分析

通过对福建漳州、平潭和南日岛3地水仙(Narcissus tazetta Linn. var. chinensis Roem.)核型的分析,探讨南日岛地区水仙的起源,了解南日岛、漳州、平潭3地水仙的亲缘关系.结果表明:3地水仙的染色体数目及倍性相同,均为同源三倍体(2n=3x=30);核型差异较小,都属于典型不对称的二型核型.3地水仙是同一起源的中国水仙,它们之间形态特征的差异是不同环境条件下的自发突变,经过长期的自然选择所形成的基因型和生态型的差异.     

Germplasm resources research of Toona sinensis with RAPD and isoenzyme analysis

Collected from Chinese mainland, 25 samples of Toona sinensis seed were planted in a standard garden. Three years later, samples were analyzed with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and isoenzymes variants of cytochrome oxidase and peroxidases. Results of RAPD and isoenzymes variants were analyzed with software POPGENE32 and SPSS10.0 respectively. Phylogenetic trees were calculated from the clustered result of RAPD and isoenzymes variants. Such additional factors as leaves color, latitude and altitude of original seeds were analyzed at the same time. Our result suggested that a general similarity is concurred with the three analyses as RAPD, isoenzymes variants analysis of peroxidases and cytochrome oxidase. Two clusters can be separated from the sample collected as southern and northern ones. In the evolutionary history, a migrating route in the direction from West-South to East-North and with sequential differentiation in the direction South-North can be decided if only it is true with the argument that Toona sinensis came from tropic Asia, the border of east-north India and Burma.     

普通丝瓜叶片成分和物理结构对黄足黑守瓜取食和定位的影响

黄足黑守瓜是普通丝瓜生长过程中危害叶片的主要害虫.本文对普通丝瓜不同部位叶片挥发性成分、营养成分和物理结构对黄足黑守瓜取食和定位的影响进行了系统研究.本实验采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法分析了普通丝瓜不同部位叶片挥发性成分,研究结果表明,嫩叶主要挥发性成分有(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇(27.65%)和植醇(45.77%),成熟叶挥发性成分主要有(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇(49.34%),老叶挥发性成分主要有植醇(63.25%),且挥发性成分对黄足黑守瓜远距离定位起到了引导作用.同时,本研究还采用5点取样法、3,5-二硝基水杨酸法和考马斯亮蓝法分别研究了普通丝瓜不同部位叶片营养成分含量与黄足黑守瓜取食之间的关系,实验结果表明,黄足黑守瓜喜食植物叶片嫩叶部位,喜食部位叶片的总糖与还原糖含量、蛋白质含量都最高,且总糖含量与蛋白质含量比值最高.叶片物理结构调查采用石蜡切片法,发现叶片的物理结构对于黄足黑守瓜取食很少造成影响.通过研究,使我们充分地了解影响黄足黑守瓜取食不同部位叶片的因素,便于今后的育种和栽培过程中加强不利于黄足黑守瓜取食的因素,以达到安全、环保地进行农业生产的目的.     

中国水仙六倍体的诱导和染色体数目的变异(简报)

中国水仙(Narcissus tazetta L.var.chinensis Roem)属于石蒜科水仙属多年生草本花卉植物。中国水仙的品种不多,在福建漳州地区主要栽培品种为单瓣水仙,此外,还有重瓣和“金三角”两个品种。中国水仙为三倍体植物,染色体数目为2n=3x=30[1-3],其高度不孕性,只开花不结实,靠子鳞茎进行无性繁殖繁衍后代。由于长期的无性繁殖和病毒感染,现存种质退化、品质下降,花朵数明显减少、香味变淡、生长势差、鳞茎变小、抗性减弱等问题,严重影响了该花卉的进一步生产和发展。因此,采用现代生物工程技术(体细胞杂交技术、转基因技术等)改良中国水仙,培育中国水仙新品种迫在眉睫。     

Local adaptation enhances seedling recruitment along an altitudinal gradient in a high mountain mediterranean plant

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Germination and seedling establishment, which are critical stages in the regeneration process of plant populations, may be subjected to natural selection and adaptive evolution. The aims of this work were to assess the main limitations on offspring performance of Silene ciliata, a high mountain Mediterranean plant, and to test whether local adaptation at small spatial scales has a significant effect on the success of establishment. METHODS: Reciprocal sowing experiments were carried out among three populations of the species to test for evidence of local adaptation on seedling emergence, survival and size. Studied populations were located at the southernmost margin of the species' range, along the local elevation gradient that leads to a drought stress gradient. KEY RESULTS: Drought stress in summer was the main cause of seedling mortality even though germination mainly occurred immediately after snowmelt to make the best use of soil moisture. The results support the hypothesis that species perform better at the centre of their altitudinal range than at the boundaries. Evidence was also found of local adaptation in seedling survival and growth along the whole gradient. CONCLUSIONS: The local adaptation acting on seedling emergence and survival favours the persistence of remnant populations on the altitudinal and latitudinal margins of mountain species. In a global warming context, such processes may help to counteract the contraction of this species' ranges and the consequent loss of habitat area.     

Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Galinsoga parviflora and Galinsoga ciliata. Investigations of caffeic acid derivatives and flavonoids by HPTLC and HPLC-DAD-MS methods

Galinsoga ciliata Raf. Blake like Galinsoga parviflora Cav., comes from the Andes region. The chemical composition, activity and use are similar for both species. Galinsoga species are used in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory agents and accelerators for wound healing. Extracts are applied topically onto the skin to treat dermatological diseases, eczemas, lichens and hard-healing-wounds, and also to treat snakebites. Orally they used to cure flu and colds.In the studies using HPTLC method, different stationary phases, including unmodified silica gel, silica gels modified with CN, NH₂, DIOL and RP18 groups were tried. The best separation of the tested compounds was achieved on silica gel plates, when as mobile phases mixtures – ethyl acetate–acetic acid–formic acid–water (100:11:11:26, v/v/v/v), ethyl acetate–methanol–formic acid–water (50:3:4:6, v/v/v/v) and ethyl acetate–methyl ethyl ketone–formic acid–water (30:9:3:3, v/v/v/v) – were used. Using reference substances, in the examined extracts the presence of flavonoids: patulitrin, quercimeritrin, quercitagetrin, and phenolic acids – caffeic and chlorogenic acids was found.HPLC analyses of extracts were carried out on a reversed-phase Zorbax SB column (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.9 μm). The mobile phase (A) was water/acetonitrile/formic acid (95:5:0.1, v/v/v) and the mobile phase (B) was acetonitrile/formic acid (100:0.1, v/v). A linear gradient system was used: 0–30 min, 1–30% B. Application of HPLC-DAD-MS method confirmed the results obtained by HPTLC method. Moreover, in the tested extracts the presence of caffeoylglucaric acids as dominating compounds was detected.     

普通丝瓜始雌花节位遗传分析

选用始雌花节位有差异的普通丝瓜品种配制‘五叶香丝瓜’ב短圆筒丝瓜’(L1×L2)和‘短圆筒丝瓜’ב蛇形丝瓜’(L2×L3)2套组合,通过调查P1、P2、F1、B1、B2和F2植株的始雌花节位,利用主基因 多基因混合遗传模型联合分离分析了始雌花节位遗传规律。结果显示:L1×L2始雌花节位遗传符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因 加性-显性多基因遗传模型,L2×L3的遗传符合1对加性主基因 加性-显性多基因遗传模型;L1×L2组合的B1、B2和F2群体遗传率(主基因 多基因)分别为66.13%、51.29%和68.27%,L2×L3组合的B1、B2和F2群体遗传率(主基因 多基因)分别为82.02%、64.87%和65.62%;L1×L2组合B1、B2和F2群体的环境方差占总表型方差的比例分别是23.43%、48.69%和31.73%,L2×L3组合B1、B2和F2群体的环境方差占总表型方差的比例分别是34.27%、55.40%和34.38%。结果表明:普通丝瓜始雌花节位是由主基因和多基因控制的数量性状,早熟性(较低的始雌花节位)不太可能通过杂种优势来实现;始雌花节位遗传不稳定,易受环境因素的影响,但定向选择会有较好的效果。     

Efficient callus induction and plant regeneration from anther of Chinese narcissus (Narcissus tazetta L. var. chinensis Roem)

Callus culture has, to date, been reported only in a few species of Narcissus. We used anthers of Chinese narcissus (Narcissus tazetta L. var. chinensis Roem) as explants for callus induction and plant regeneration. A high percentage of anthers at the early- to mid-uninucleate microspore stage were responsive on the basal MS medium supplemented with 0.5–1 mg l^–1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.5–2 mg l^–1 6-benzyladenine under dark conditions. Calli were initiated from anther connective tissue or anther wall tissue, and no division of microspores occurred during callus formation, as determined by histological observation. Using 20 random amplified polymorphic DNA primers, we verified the genetic integrity of the anther-derived plants of Chinese narcissus with respect to the donor plants. These results suggest that anther culture in vitro can provide an efficient new micropropagation technique for Chinese narcissus as well as a new strategy for in vitro mass propagation of other daffodils.     

中国水仙的核型研究

作者对中国水仙的核型进行了研究,观察到a染色体中有一条染色体与另外两条在形态上有显著差异。三条g染色体的短臂上都带有随体,但S_3的形态和随体的大小与S_1,S_2相比,也存在明显差异。以上差异皆呈现一定的规律性,因此提出中国水仙可能是节段异源三倍体。