黄山地区松树林外生菌根菌资源及生态分布

1998～2003年,对黄山地区松树林下外生菌根菌资源及生态分布进行了调查,鉴定出外生菌根菌43种,隶属于10科17属.其中马尾松林下有43种、黄山松林下有12种.马尾松幼林下的外生菌根菌种类单一,彩色豆马勃、硬皮马勃类为优势菌种;马尾松成熟林下外生菌根菌种类丰富,其优势种类为红菇科、鹅膏菌科、牛肝菌科和鸡油菌科的一些种类.并分析了树种植被对外生菌根菌分布的影响,菌根真菌的分布与温度、湿度及土壤条件的关系.     

The Medicinal Flora of Sambalpur District, Orissa, India

This paper describes an analysis of the plants of Sambalpur district of Orissa, India which have been used medicinally by local people. The families having medicinal values are analysed using Moerman's method of regression analysis. There were 136 plant families recorded from the study area. The analysis of families showed that the Euphorbiaceae family being used most ethnomedicinally by the local people in Sambalpur district of Orissa, whereas Poaceae is used least one. This type of study determines the degree of importance of plant families in the medicinal flora of the region.     

Water productivity evaluation for grain crops in irrigated regions of China

Improving crop water productivity is necessary for ensuring food and ecological security. To quantify the water utilization in grain production from multiple perspectives, gross inflow water productivity (WP_g), generalized water productivity (WP_u), evapotranspiration water productivity (WP_ET) and irrigation water productivity (WP_I) were screened in this study. Then, we calculated and analyzed the temporal and spatial variation of the water productivity indices (WPs) in the irrigated land of 31 provinces of China based on the data collected from 459 irrigation districts. The results show that the national values of the four indices were 0.694, 0.860, 1.314, and 1.361 kg/m³, and almost all of the provincial WPs increased from 1998 to 2010. The Moran's I analysis shows all of the WP indices were significantly clustered, both globally and locally, in the study years. WPs of the provinces in and around Huang-Huai-Hai Plain are high, while provinces in the northeast, south of the Yangtze River and the northwest of China showed lower water use efficiency. There is a large difference among the four indices in the scientific connotation and numerical performance, and the degree of the spatial difference was WP_I > WP_ET > WP_u > WP_g. It is necessary to promote WP in the irrigated land of China, and the provinces in the northeast should be chosen as the key regions to develop water-saving agriculture because of the high production of grain and the low value of WP. Policy decision-making based on the spatial pattern of WP and their relationships among indices for specified regions are also discussed in this paper.     

基于生态需水保障的农业用水安全评价——以山东省引黄灌区为例

保障农业用水安全和生态安全是流域水资源管理的重点，针对黄河口和山东引黄灌区的用水矛盾，采用阈值分析与地统计学方法，考虑作物蒸散发和有效降雨计算山东省引黄灌区灌溉需水量，在优先保障黄河口不同等级生态需水条件下分析灌区（划分为不同调控区）可用水量的响应特征，以地理信息系统（GIS）为平台计算具有时空差异的山东省引黄灌区农业用水安全压力指数，进而评价多时空尺度下的山东省引黄灌区农业用水安全。结果表明，在平水年，保障适宜等级的生态需水后大概有33%的年份农业用水安全存在压力，保障最低等级的生态需水约有27%的农业用水面临短缺，但是大部分情况下农业用水安全压力指数都在30%之下，然而保障最高等级生态需水后，有50%以上的年份存在农业用水安全压力，这种压力无论是从出现频次还是在指数强度上都有明显增加。在空间尺度上，以打渔张、刘春家、麻湾和簸箕李等灌区为代表的调控区2、11、13、14和17的农业用水压力显著，代表年内保障最低等级的生态需水后调控区的农业用水安全压力指数超过了20%，保障适宜等级的生态需水后，大部分调控区的农业用水安全压力指数超过了20%，调控区2和13的压力指数超过了30%，保障最高等级的生态需水后大部分调控区的农业用水安全压力指数超过了60%。在引黄水量调配过程中，应该按照水文年的不同保障合理的生态水量，同时充分考虑水文气象因子的空间差异性，在不同调控区细化分配方案，平水年份保障适宜等级生态需水后农业用水短缺由55.28降低到18.25亿m³。该评价方法反映了优先保障生态需水后灌区农业水资源保障情况，并能有效降低农业和生态用水之间的矛盾，为管理部门进行"精细配水"提供依据。     

福州金山学区主要园林植物害虫种类调查

通过采集调查、室内饲养和鉴定，初步获得金山学区32种主要园林植物上害虫80种，隶属昆虫纲8目38科，另蛛形纲3种。     

长江中下游湖群大型底栖动物群落结构及影响因素

长江中下游地区是我国淡水湖泊分布最为密集的区域,其中面积大于10 km²的湖泊总面积占相同级别中国淡水湖泊总面积的51.3%。目前对本地区湖泊大型底栖动物研究主要是关于单个湖泊或几个湖泊之间的比较,将区域内湖泊作为一个整体来分析的研究较少。为揭示现阶段长江中下游浅水湖泊底栖动物群落现状及其主要影响因素,于2008年和2009年夏季对本地区5个湖群69个湖泊大型底栖动物和水化学进行了调查,并分析区域过程和局域环境条件在决定该地区底栖群落结构中的相对重要性。结果表明水体矿化度、电导率及氮磷指标在不同湖群间具有显著差异,而高锰酸盐指数、叶绿素a及营养状态指数无显著差异。密度方面,以寡毛类和摇蚊幼虫为优势类群的湖泊共46个,占总数量的66.7%,以螺类为优势类群之一的湖泊16个,占总数量的23.2%;生物量方面,以螺类为优势的湖泊数量最多(33个),占总数量的46.4%,但以寡毛类和摇蚊幼虫占优势的湖泊亦有27个,占总数量的39.1%,双壳类仅在9个湖泊占据优势。典范对应分析结果表明该地区底栖动物群落结构是局域环境条件和区域过程共同作用的结果,两类因子共解释了33.9%的底栖动物群落变异,其中局域环境因子占被解释量的48.1%,空间变量占35.4%。空间变量较高的解释量表明对整个长江中下游地区湖泊而言,区域过程对底栖动物的分布也起着非常重要的作用。     

Combination of Pre-Treatment DWI-Signal Intensity and S-1 Treatment: A Predictor of Survival in Patients with Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Receiving Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy and Sequential S-1

OBJECTIVE: To identify whether the combination of pre-treatment radiological and clinical factors can predict the overall survival (OS) in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) treated with stereotactic body radiation and sequential S-1 (a prodrug of 5-FU combined with two modulators) therapy with improved accuracy compared with that of established clinical and radiologic risk models. METHODS: Patients admitted with LAPC underwent diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) scan at 3.0-T (b = 600 s/mm²). The mean signal intensity (SI_b = 600) of region-of-interest (ROI) was measured. The Log-rank test was done for tumor location, biliary stent, S-1, and other treatments and the Cox regression analysis was done to identify independent prognostic factors for OS. Prediction error curves (PEC) were used to assess potential errors in prediction of survival. The accuracy of prediction was evaluated by Integrated Brier Score (IBS) and C index. RESULTS: 41 patients were included in this study. The median OS was 11.7 months (2.8-23.23 months). The 1-year OS was 46%. Multivariate analysis showed that pre-treatment SI_b = 600 value and administration of S-1 were independent predictors for OS. The performance of pre-treatment SI_b = 600 and S-1 treatment in combination was better than that of SI_b = 600 or S-1 treatment alone. CONCLUSION: The combination of pre-treatment SI_b = 600 and S-1 treatment could predict the OS in patients with LAPC undergoing SBRT and sequential S-1 therapy with improved accuracy compared with that of established clinical and radiologic risk models.     

基于景观结构的生态移民安置区生态风险评价——以宁夏红寺堡区为例

以宁夏自治区红寺堡区为例,以1995年、2000年、2005、2010年和2015年5期遥感影像为数据源,综合运用景观格局指数、生态风险指数、空间分析法以及地理探测器等多种研究方法,研究了移民安置区生态风险时空特征。结果表明:1995—2015年研究区景观格局发生了较大的变化,草地面积减少了2.97×10~4hm~2,耕地、林地、建设用地分别增加了1.90×10~4hm~2,0.42×10~4hm~2和0.43×10~4hm~2;在研究期间景观整体斑块数不断增加,其景观整体破碎度随之变大;研究区生态风险主要以较低风险和中风险为主,其中建设用地、沙地和未利用地生态风险值较高,在研究期间生态风险平均值由0.166降低至0.154,研究区生态风险值呈降低趋势。通过地理探测器诊断得出景观斑块数、景观破碎度、景观优势度、景观损失度、斑块密度等因素是安置区生态风险的主要影响因素。     

滨湖地区旅游发展与规划策略研究—以宿迁环骆马湖地区为例

分析滨湖地区旅游规划的相关理论和国内外研究开发实践,以宿迁环骆马湖地区为实证研究,探索滨湖地区休闲度假旅游的规划途径与策略。首先分析环骆马湖片区发展旅游的优势与劣势,有针对性地提出规划策略：即以水资源保护为前提,充分依托现有资源条件和市场需求,提出该地区旅游发展定位并塑造品牌旅游产品;合理进行空间布局,因地制宜梳理城湖空间关系,完善“外联、内环、慢体验”的交通方式,以保障宿迁环骆马湖地区的旅游发展。     

四川沙湾区重点药用植物资源调查研究

目的:调查研究四川沙湾区的药用植物资源,全面掌握沙湾区重点中药资源的分布以及利用现状。方法:通过野外调查和内业整理以及文献查阅工作,重新明确该地区现有的重点药用植物。结果:沙湾区内药用植物有135科527种,重点药用植物100种,其中沙湾区国家Ⅰ级野生保护植物有1种,Ⅱ级野生保护植物10种,Ⅲ级野生保护植物6种;2015年版中国药典收载的基原植物有85种,人工栽培药用植物有23种。结论:沙湾区中药资源较为丰富但利用率低,其中药材产业发展具有较大潜力,此次调查结果为沙湾区中药资源的中药材产业化发展提供新的基础数据与方向。