Incorporation of granular activated carbon in an immobilized membrane bioreactor for the biodegradation of phenol by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas putida</Emphasis>

Granular activated carbon (GAC) was incorporated into hollow fiber membrane bioreactors for the biodegradation of 1,000 mg phenol l⁻¹ through immobilization of Pseudomonas putida. The phenol was removed within 25 h in the hybrid bioreactor, comparing with 31 h for a GAC-free bioreactor. Sorption, biodegradation, desorption, and bioregeneration were four steps for the phenol removal during batch operation.     

Production of bio-hydrogen by mesophilic anaerobic fermentation in an acid-phase sequencing batch reactor

The pH and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) were varied to optimize the conversion of carbohydrate-rich synthetic wastewater into bio-hydrogen. A full factorial design using evolutionary operation (EVOP) was used to determine the effect of the factors and to find the optimum condition of each factor required for high hydrogen production rate. Experimental results from 20 runs indicate that a maximum hydrogen production rate of 4,460-5,540 mL/L/day under the volumetric organic loading rate (VOLR) of 75 g-COD/L/day obtained at an observed design point of HRT = 8 h and pH = 5.7. The hydrogen production rate was strongly dependent on the HRT, and the effect was statistically significant (P < 0.05). However, no significant effect (P > 0.05) was found for the pH on the hydrogen production rate. When the ASBR conditions were set for a maximum hydrogen production rate, the hydrogen production yield and specific hydrogen production rate were 60-74 mL/g-COD and 330-360 mL/g-VSS/day, respectively. The hydrogen composition was 43-51%, and no methanogenesis was observed. Acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, caproate, and ethanol were major liquid intermediate metabolites during runs of this ASBR. The dominant fermentative types were butyrate-acetate or ethanol-acetate, representing the typical anaerobic pathway of Clostridium species. This hydrogen-producing ASBR had a higher hydrogen production rate, compared with that produced using continuous-flow stirred tank reactors (CSTRs). This study suggests that the hydrogen-producing ASBR is a promising bio-system for prolonged and stable hydrogen production.     

Perspectives on engineering strategies for improving biofuel production from microalgae — A critical review

Although the potential for biofuel production from microalgae via photosynthesis has been intensively investigated, information on the selection of a suitable operation strategy for microalgae-based biofuel production is lacking. Many published reports describe competitive strains and optimal culture conditions for use in biofuel production; however, the major impediment to further improvements is the absence of effective engineering strategies for microalgae cultivation and biofuel production. This comprehensive review discusses recent advances in understanding the effects of major environmental stresses and the characteristics of various engineering operation strategies on the production of biofuels (mainly biodiesel and bioethanol) using microalgae. The performances of microalgae-based biofuel-producing systems under various environmental stresses (i.e., irradiance, temperature, pH, nitrogen depletion, and salinity) and cultivation strategies (i.e., fed-batch, semi-continuous, continuous, two-stage, and salinity-gradient) are compared. The reasons for variations in performance and the underlying theories of the various production strategies are also critically discussed. The aim of this review is to provide useful information to facilitate development of innovative and feasible operation technologies for effectively increasing the commercial viability of microalgae-based biofuel production.     

胸前壁乳晕径路内镜甲状腺手术对免疫及甲状腺激素影响的 临床对照研究

目的:探究内镜下甲状腺手术经胸前壁乳晕径路对机体内免疫系统、甲状腺激素分泌影响情况。方法:对照组随机选取我院2010年5月~2011年5月住院行甲状腺传统手术治疗患者20例,同时随机选取广州暨南大学第一附属医院普外科经胸前壁乳晕径路手术治疗患者20例进行对照研究。结果:内镜下治疗后机体早期体液免疫、细胞免疫受一定程度抑制。内镜治疗下早期细胞免疫度抑制较开放手术轻(P<0.05)结论:胸前壁乳晕径路内镜甲状腺手术对免疫及甲状腺激素均有影响,把握其中变化趋势可更好的指导临床治疗。     

医药价格改革对城市公立医院经济运营效率的影响

目的 了解城市公立医院医药价格综合改革政策对医院经济运营效率的影响程度,为评价和进一步深化公立医院综合改革提供数据支持。方法 利用Excel2007 和SPSS13.0软件,从经济运营效率角度对医院改革前后半年数据进行描述性统计分析。结果 医药价格综合改革对医院就诊人次、业务收入、住院患者均次费用影响不大,对医院业务收入结构、收支结余结构、门诊患者均次费用、患者费用负担影响重大。结论 此次价改的调整医院业务收入结构、减轻住院患者就医负担的目的已初见成效,而对减轻门诊患者就医负担和医院政策性亏损补偿考虑不足。从医院目前经济运营效率看,此次价改不利于医院长远发展,亟待政府出台相关补偿政策,弥补公立医院政策性亏损。     

基于信息技术基础架构库理念的HIS运行维护管理

针对当前医院信息系统运行维护所遇到的问题,结合医院信息技术部门所做的日常工作,总结遇到的问题以及发展瓶颈,利用信息技术基础架构库理念的核心,即将信息技术与业务相结合使其系统化、流程化,研究设计一套基于信息技术基础架构库理念的医院信息网络运行维护管理模式,将维护人员从平日被动的救火模式转换成一个将日常业务、项目管理、服务提供变为自动化、规范化的管理模式,从而实现精细化管理。     

A novel comprehensive learning artificial bee colony optimizer for dynamic optimization biological problems

There are many dynamic optimization problems in the real world, whose convergence and searching ability is cautiously desired, obviously different from static optimization cases. This requires an optimization algorithm adaptively seek the changing optima over dynamic environments, instead of only finding the global optimal solution in the static environment. This paper proposes a novel comprehensive learning artificial bee colony optimizer (CLABC) for optimization in dynamic environments problems, which employs a pool of optimal foraging strategies to balance the exploration and exploitation tradeoff. The main motive of CLABC is to enrich artificial bee foraging behaviors in the ABC model by combining Powell’s pattern search method, life-cycle, and crossover-based social learning strategy. The proposed CLABC is a more bee-colony-realistic model that the bee can reproduce and die dynamically throughout the foraging process and population size varies as the algorithm runs. The experiments for evaluating CLABC are conducted on the dynamic moving peak benchmarks. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is applied to a real-world application of dynamic RFID network optimization. Statistical analysis of all these cases highlights the significant performance improvement due to the beneficial combination and demonstrates the performance superiority of the proposed algorithm.     

亚低温联合穿刺碎吸术治疗高血压脑出血的疗效及对患者血清TNF-α, IL-6, CRP水平的影响

目的:探讨亚低温联合穿刺碎吸术治疗高血压脑出血的疗效及对患者血清TNF-α、IL-6、CRP水平的影响。方法:选取我院2015年2月~2016年8月收治的112例高血压脑出血患者作为研究对象,采取随机数字表将其分成两组,每组56例。两组患者均给予微创穿刺碎吸术治疗,观察组联合给予亚低温治疗,对比两组手术疗效、并发症、短期预后及手术前后不同时点血清TNF-α、IL-6、CRP水平变化情况。结果:观察组治疗总有效率为92.86%,与对照组(76.79%)相比明显上升(P0.05)。观察组MODS、总并发症的发生率分别为0%、26.79%,均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组术后3d、7d血清TNF-α、IL-6、CRP水平逐渐下降,且均明显低于术前(P0.01);对照组术后3d血清TNF-α、IL-6、CRP水平与术前相比无明显变化(P0.05),术后7d则明显下降,并显著低于术前(P0.01);观察组术后3、7d血清TNF-α、IL-6、CRP水平均明显低于同时点对照组(P0.01)。观察组术后3个月预后良好率为80.36%,与对照组(62.50%)比较明显上升(P0.05)。结论:亚低温联合穿刺碎吸术治疗高血压脑出血可有效减轻神经功能缺损,抑制体内炎症反应,降低病死率,疗效确切。     

福建欠发达山区沼气运营特征及生态效应

在问卷调查获取福建欠发达山区6种典型沼气运营模式基础上,分别应用能值分析法、温室气体减排量计算及成本效益分析法,比较6种模式沼气运营系统的能值投入与产出结构、系统功能和生态效应差异。结果显示:(1)在系统结构上,集中供气型主要利用不可再生购买能值的大量投入,取得高效的生产效率和经济效益,而自建自用型则以可再生购买能值的大量投入,对自然资源利用率高,环境负荷小;在系统性能上,因净能值产出率和能值交换率高,集中供气型比自建自用型的系统可持续发展性能更佳,其中销售型尤其突出。(2)在生态效益上,以养殖为主的集中供气型和纯养殖型的温室气体减排效应非常突出,而传统种养型、特色种植型和半工半农型的减排作用不明显。(3)在政府补贴下的财务特征上,集中供气型及纯养殖型虽有高效的生态效益但不符合农户财务投资标准;相反,特色种植型与半工半农型则因系统的低生态效益而不能满足政府补贴的社会经济预期,经济预期,仅传统种养型农户完全满足社会经济角度与农户角度的投资标准。针对养殖规模化发展趋势和欠发达山区能源利用现状,对沼气工程正确运营模式的选择提出相应的建议。