泰国茜草科粗叶木属植物的分类学研究

在详细检查了K,BM,E,P,AAU,L,KEP,BKF,BK,SING,PSU等标本馆馆藏茜草科粗叶本属Lasianthus Jack.植物标本基础上,研究了泰国产粗叶木属植物的分类学,共归并7个种名,建立3个新种,3 个新变种,1个新等级,以及8个泰国分布新记录种及8个泰国分布新记录变种,确认泰国共有粗叶木属植物52种,1亚种,12变种;讨论了易于混淆的种的界线、它们可能的亲缘关系以及识别要点。     

Rotifera from Peat-Swamps in Phuket Province,Thailand, with the Description of a New Colurella Bory de St. Vincent

The rotifer fauna of three peat-swamps in Phuket province, southern Thailand was investigated. A total of 77 species is identified, 12 of which are new to Thailand. A new species, Colurella sanoamuangae n. sp., is described. The zoogeography of the registered species is discussed.     

Biology of Clupeichthys aesarnensis (Clupeidae) in Ubolratana Reservoir,Thailand, with Special Reference to Food and Feeding Habits

The freshwater sardine Clupeichthys aesarnensis is a zooplanktivore like many clupeids. In Ubolratana reservoir, Thailand, it feeds selectively on larger zooplankters, especially Cladocera and to a lesser extent on Copepoda. Other zooplankters are also consumed together with both living and dead insects and occasionally its own young. It feeds during the day. Our results indicate that the slight seasonal differences in food consumed probably reflects differences in availability at different seasons and sites. The fish grows in weight, as expected, at a higher rate than the cube of its length. The condition factor is the same for males and females and shows some seasonal variation. Data on fecundity and gonadosomatic index mark this fish as highly fecund and a year-round spawner. Its short life span, favourable growth and high fecundity make it a valuable source of cheap protein. In 1990, 17% (about 300 tons) of the fish catch from Ubolratana came from this fish.     

Rheoptilum: A New Genus of Two-Tailed Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) from Madagascar

Rheoptilum gen. n. is established for R. arni sp. n. and R. lokohensis sp. n. from Madagascar. Imaginal and larval stages are both described. Rheoptilum nymphs have two important adaptations: mouthparts are highly modified for scraping and the habitus is adapted for fast flowing waters. The genus possesses an extremely broad labrum with distal margin almost straight, incisors almost fused, right prostheca long and slender, caudal filament reduced to a single segment, legs long and slender, dorsally bordered with long and thin setae and the body dorsoventrally flattened. This combination of features distinguishes Rheoptilum from other Afro-Malagasy baetid genera. The phylogenetic position of this new genus is discussed.     

The mesmerizing wart: the pollination strategy of epiphytic lady slipper orchid Paphiopedilum villosum (Lindl.) Stein (Orchidaceae)

Paphiopedilum uillosum was studied in hill evergreen forests (at up to 35 m above ground level) in North Thailand between 1990 and 1994. Flowering lasted 4.5 months: flower longevity 2–3 months. During 224 hours of flower-watching, less than 100 specimens of Syrphidae (Diptera) were seen in the vicinity of the flowers; 15 cases of pollen acquisition were mainly by female Eplsyrphus alternans, Syrphus fulvifacies, Betasyrphus serarius among 6 spp. of pollinators. Populations peaked during the main flower opening period, one month before the maximum number of open flowers was reached in early February. The flowers are 'kettle-traps' without known reward, luring mainly by food deception. Long distance attraction is probably by a urine-like odour (attraction to mammalian excretions had hitherto been little reported) and colour contrast. Close range lure is by the glittering staminode (probably mimicking droplets of honeydew/moisture) centred by a slippery wart (faking a perch) at which pollinators fly, immediately losing their grip and tumbling into the pouch, preventing wing action and falling being disrupted by a trough-shaped frame. Escape is up the tunnel, past the stigma, to the exit where, pressed by several mechanisms against the anther, the hoverfly scoops off very sticky pollen which has a viability of at least 8 weeks. Capsule formation averaged 8%.     

Zooplankton feeding in the fish Trichogaster pectoralis Regan

The traditional culture method of Trichogaster pectoralis, using zooplankton produced from fermenting aquatic weeds as a source of food for the fry, leads to productions of ca 1 000 kg ha^–1 a^–1. If chicken manure is applied at a rate of ca 450 kg ha^–1 month^–1 instead, much more zooplankton is produced more rapidly, and fish production increases to ca 2 000 kg ha^–1 a^–1. This results from a higher survival rate of the fry, which feeds on rotifers, ciliates, copepods and cladocera until a size of ca 15.0 mm, when plant material also becomes important in the diet.     

Biting patterns and host preference of Anopheles epiroticus in Chang Island,Trat Province,eastern Thailand

A study of species diversity of Anopheles mosquitoes, biting patterns, and seasonal abundance of important mosquito vectors was conducted in two villages of Chang Island, Trat Province, in eastern Thailand, one located along the coast and the other in the low hills of the central interior of the island. Of 5,399 captured female anophelines, 70.25% belong to the subgenus Cellia and remaining specimens to the subgenus Anopheles. Five important putative malaria vectors were molecularly identified, including Anopheles epiroticus, Anopheles dirus, Anopheles sawadwongporni, Anopheles maculatus, and Anopheles minimus. Anopheles epiroticus was the most commonly collected species in the coastal site, whereas An. dirus was found to be most abundant in the forest‐hill site. From both locations, a greater number of mosquitoes was collected during the dry season compared to the wet. Anopheles epiroticus showed greater exophagic and zoophilic behavior with the highest blood feeding densities occurring between 18:00 and 19:00. In contrast, An. dirus demonstrated an activity peak between midnight and 01:00. We conclude that An. epiroticus and An. dirus, in coastal and inland areas, respectively, appear to be the most epidemiologically important malaria vectors on Chang Island. As no studies of vector competency specific to Chang Island have been conducted, our conclusions that these two species play a primary role in malaria transmission are based on evidence from other localities in Thailand and mainland Southeast Asia. This information serves as a basis for designing improved vector control programs that target specific species, and if integrated with other interventions could result in the elimination of malaria transmission on the island.