香椿子正丁醇提取物改善糖尿病肾病肾小球内皮细胞炎症及机制研究

为研究香椿子正丁醇提取物(n-butyl alcohol extract of Toona sinensis,NBAE)对糖尿病肾病肾小球内皮细胞炎症的作用及机制,采用Wistar雄性大鼠,STZ注射造模,成功后分为DN组、DN+NBAE干预组,另设对照组。8周后取血测生化指标,取肾脏行HE和PAS染色,并行免疫组化检测MCP-1、ICAM-1、磷酸化p65的表达。以高糖(HG)、HG+NBAE、HG+NF-κB阻断剂吡咯烷二硫基甲酸盐(pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate,PDTC)刺激肾小球内皮细胞,采用Western blot法检测相关蛋白的表达。结果显示,与DN组大鼠相比,DN+NBAE组大鼠血糖明显降低,肾脏损伤减轻,相关蛋白表达均减少。细胞水平,NBAE明显降低MCP-1、ICAM-1的表达,差异具有统计学意义(P <0. 01),各指标改变情况与PDTC处理组类似。这表明NBAE明显改善DN肾小球内皮细胞的炎症,推测可能与抑制NF-κB信号通路有关。     

GC-MS分析香椿子石油醚提取物成分及其体外抗肿瘤活性

采用气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）及MTT法（MTT assay）对香椿〔Toona sinensis （A. Juss.） Roem.〕的果实香椿子的石油醚提取物组成成分和体外抗肿瘤活性进行研究。气相色谱-质谱法分析结果表明,从香椿子石油醚提取物的甲酯化与非甲酯化样品中共检测出108种成分,这些成分类型以萜类、烃类以及有机酸为主,从甲酯化样品中检测鉴定了67种,非甲酯化样品中检测鉴定了65种,24种为两个样品中的共有成分。在这些成分中,γ-谷甾醇、豆甾-4-烯-3-酮、亚油酸甲酯、棕榈酸甲酯等成分的相对含量均在8.0%以上。提取物对HepG2、THP-1、Hela、MCF-7均显示出一定的抑制作用,其中,对THP-1细胞在最大考察浓度的抑制率为（60.64±1.37）%。     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in Chinese soft‐shelled turtle,Pelodiscus sinensis

Fifteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for the Chinese soft‐shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) from the (GT)_n microsatellite‐enriched genomic library, using the fast isolation by amplified fragment length polymorphism of sequences containing repeats protocol. The polymorphism of all 15 loci ranged from two to seven alleles with observed heterozygosities ranging from 0.03 to 0.98 (mean 0.43) in one population of 40 individuals. These novel loci will be helpful for understanding the population structure at genetic level and marker‐assisted breeding of this vulnerable species.     

地塞米松当归多糖前体药在大鼠胃肠道内容物中的释药特性

目的:探讨以当归多糖为载体的地塞米松前体药在大鼠胃肠道内容物中的释药特性,考察其结肠靶向性。方法:将前体药与大鼠胃肠道不同部位内容物稀释液于37℃共同孵育,不同时间点取样,高效液相色谱法检测释放的地塞米松(dexamethasone, DEX)及地塞米松琥珀酸单酯(dexamethasone hemisuccinate,DSH)。结果:前体药在大鼠胃肠道各部位内容物稀释孵育液中均有DEX及DSH释放;DEX在小肠近端的释放量最大,在结肠和盲肠中的释放量次之,在胃和小肠远端的释放量较小;DSH在结肠和盲肠中的释放量大,在胃、小肠近端和小肠远端释放量小;在160min孵育时间时,DEX和DSH在结肠和盲肠中的释放总量是在胃、小肠近端和小肠远端释放总量的1．95倍。结论:以当归多糖为载体的地塞米松前体药具有一定的结肠靶向释药特性,有可能用作局部治疗结肠炎的结肠靶向药物。     

制革污泥林业利用场水域的鳑鲏鱼外周血红细胞微核监测

制革污泥施入林地后,检测小流域地表水、土壤渗出水对鳑鲏鱼(Rhodeus sinensis)外周血红细胞微核的诱变.结果表明:在实验范围内,没有诱发鳑鲏鱼血红细胞微核率增高,制革污泥林业利用系统是安全的;但鲜制革污泥浸出水可诱发鳑鲏鱼外周血红细胞微核率增高,故制革污泥如不加任何处理而随意堆放,会对坏境造成污染.     

钙离子浓度对暗适应时的中华绒螯蟹光感受器超微结构的影响

用透射电镜研究了暗适应时中华绒螯蟹的光感受器超微结构与外界钙离子浓度的关系,结果显示出与培育在生理溶液中的光感受器相比,细胞外钙离子浓度升高,使得感杆束的直径急剧缩小,感杆束周围胞质增厚,胞饮泡增加,膜下猪泡囊极度减小。胞质中多囊体的数量和直径减小,而板模体和溶酶体的数量增加,同时细胞内的色素颗粒增多。分布在小网膜细胞的远端。细胞的结构表现为类似光适应状态,与之相反,细胞外钙离子浓度降低时小眼的感     

The impact of pH and calcium on the uptake of fluoride by tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.) accumulate large amounts of fluoride (F) from soils containing normal F concentrations. The present experiments examined the effects of pH and Ca on F uptake by this accumulating plant species. METHODS: The effect of pH was assessed in two experiments, one using uptake solutions with different pHs, and the other using lime, as CaO, applied to the soil. The effect of Ca was examined by analysing F concentrations in plants supplied with varying amounts of Ca, as Ca(NO3)2, either in uptake solutions or through the soil. KEY RESULTS: F uptake was highest at solution pH 5.5, and significantly lower at pH 4.0. In the soil experiment, leaf F decreased linearly with the amounts of lime, which raised the soil pH progressively from 4.32 to 4.91, 5.43, 5.89 and, finally, 6.55. Liming increased the water-soluble F content of the soil. Including Ca in the uptake solution or adding Ca to soil significantly decreased leaf F concentrations. The distribution pattern of F in tea plants was not altered by Ca treatment, with most F being allocated to leaves. The activity of F- in the uptake solution was unaffected and water-soluble F in the soil was sometimes increased by added Ca. CONCLUSIONS: F uptake by tea plants, which are inherently able to accumulate large quantities of F, was affected both by pH and by Ca levels in the medium. The reduced F uptake following Ca application appeared not to be due simply to the precipitation of CaF2 in solution and soil or to the complexing of Ca and F in roots, although these factors cannot be dismissed. It was more likely due to the effect of Ca on the properties of cell wall or membrane permeability in the solution experiments, and to alteration of F speciations and their quantities in soil solutions following Ca application.     

Structural basis of the rind disorder oleocellosis in Washington navel orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck)

Oleocellosis, a physiological rind disorder of citrus fruit, is an unattractive surface blemish caused by phytotoxic effects of released rind oils. The development of oleocellosis in Washington navel orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) was examined by following a time sequence of surface symptoms and microscopic rind changes. The two natural causes of oleocellosis were simulated: mechanical damage to the fruit and transfer of rind oil between fruit. Mechanical fruit injury resulted in rupture of the epidermis above oil glands. Released surface oil appeared to infiltrate the rind via the ruptured epidermis resulting in rapid degeneration of cortical, but not epidermal, cell contents. Oil application to the rind surface produced a more severe blemish than did mechanical damage. The oil appeared to diffuse through the cuticle causing degeneration of the contents of all cell layers, including the epidermis. Loss of membrane integrity was detected within 30 min, followed by cell content degeneration and cell collapse. The resulting blemish, characterized by rind collapse and darkening, developed substantially within 3 d and was attributed to the cellular damage.