杨梅根结线虫病及其病原鉴定

本文报道对杨梅根结线虫病的研究及病原鉴定结果。该病症状为:病树根部形成大小不一的根结,内有乳白色囊状雌虫及棕色卵囊;后期根结腐烂,病树叶片黄化脱落,梢枯乃至死亡。病原鉴定确认,引起该病的根结线虫有3个种:爪哇根结线虫(Meloidogyne javanica)、南方根结线虫(M.incognita)和北方根结线虫(M. hapla)。爪哇根结线虫为优势种。     

失眠症的中医证候分析与中药治疗概况

失眠症是指持续相当长时间的对睡眠的质和量不满意的状况,可引起精神无法集中、思考能力减退、警觉力与判断力下降、免疫功能低下、内分泌紊乱等,还与感冒、抑郁症、糖尿病、肥胖、中风、心脏病和癌症的发生有关。现代社会,随着生活水平的提高,体力劳动减少,脑力劳动增加,工作及精神压力日益加重,很多失眠患者情志不畅的表现尤为突出。经过临床观察,我们发现五脏气机失调在失眠症的辨证论治中占有主导作用,因此对失眠及失眠症的研究与治疗就成为重要课题。     

水分胁迫对脂松苗木针叶质膜透性和保护酶活性的影响

以2年生盆栽脂松苗木为材料,研究了不同土壤水分处理（含干旱和水渍胁迫）及解除胁迫后对脂松苗木针叶质膜透性和保护酶活性的影响。结果表明,随着干旱与水渍胁迫时间的延长,脯氨酸、可溶性糖和丙二醛(MDA)含量均有所上升;过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性逐渐降低;过氧化物酶(POD)活性逐渐升高;解除胁迫后,各项指标均有不同程度的恢复,其中田间含水量为40%、80%、100%处理（即FC40%、FC80%、FC）恢复较快;干旱处理中FC20%和水渍处理中的水渍胁迫（FL）对苗木的生理影响在解除胁迫后14天尚未完全恢复且表现为水淹处理恢复能力较干旱处理差。综上,FC60%为最适土壤水分含量,综合表现最佳。     

失眠症的中医证候分析与中药治疗概况

失眠症是指持续相当长时间的对睡眠的质和量不满意的状况,可引起精神无法集中、思考能力减退、警觉力与判断力下降、免疫功能低下、内分泌紊乱等,还与感冒、抑郁症、糖尿病、肥胖、中风、心脏病和癌症的发生有关。现代社会,随着生活水平的提高,体力劳动减少,脑力劳动增加,工作及精神压力日益加重,很多失眠患者情志不畅的表现尤为突出。经过临床观察,我们发现五脏气机失调在失眠症的辨证论治中占有主导作用,因此对失眠及失眠症的研究与治疗就成为重要课题。     

Function of interdomain α-helix in human brain hexokinase: covalent linkage and catalytic regulation between N- and C-terminal halves

Human brain relies on a steady supply of glucose as the source of fuel, and type I hexokinase is the major isozyme governing the introduction of glucose to glycolysis in the brain. One unique regulatory property associated with type I isozyme is the alleviation of product inhibition by inorganic phosphate which binds to the N-terminal half, and the conformational change induced by inorganic phosphate must be propagated to the active site in the C-terminal half. With a single interdomain α-helix as the only covalent connection between the N- and C-terminal halves, the question arises as what role the interdomain α-helix plays at the interdomain signal transduction. Two mutants were constructed in an attempt to answer this question. The first mutant, A464P/E465G, with a helix breaker embedded in the interdomain α-helix had a smaller magnitude of phosphate alleviation than the wild type. The second mutant, with an insertion of seven additional residues between Gln 466 and His 467, had this phosphate relief property further diminished. Neither mutant showed dramatic changes nor the other kinetic properties. It is speculated that the interdomain α-helix is important for keeping the proper non-covalent contact so that transmission of the conformational changes across the N- and C-terminal half boundary can be achieved.     

蚊虫叮咬止痒消炎剂的研制及应用

目的研制蚊虫叮咬止痒消炎剂,观察应用该蚊虫叮咬止痒消炎剂对吉林洮南地区背点伊蚊和刺扰伊蚊叮咬后的治愈效果。方法药品制备采用渗漉法和超声波提取法,质量控制依据中华人民共和国国家标准《一次性使用卫生用品卫生标准》GB 15979-2002,效果观察采用局部外用涂抹法。结果该止痒消炎剂12、24和48 h平均痊愈率分别为24.30%、55.14%和17.76%,总有效率为97.20%。结论该蚊虫叮咬止痒消炎剂符合中华人民共和国国家标准《一次性使用卫生用品卫生标准》GB 15979-2002的规定,对吉林洮南地区优势蚊种叮咬后具有明显的治愈效果,适用于部队野外执行任务携带。     

肠易激综合征患者肠道灌洗液菌群特点

目的探讨肠易激综合征(IBS)患者肠道灌洗液菌群特点及其临床意义。方法选择2018年10月至2019年10月我院收治的87例肠易激综合征患者为病例组,选择同期我院健康体检者87例为对照组,比较两组对象肠道灌洗液菌群分布,比较不同类型及不同严重程度肠易激综合征患者肠道灌洗液菌群失调情况。采用Spearman相关分析肠易激综合征患者肠道灌洗液菌群失调与疾病类型、症状严重程度的相关性。结果病例组患者肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、双歧杆菌与肠杆菌数量之比(B/E值)显著低于对照组(t=8.097、8.370、8.255,均P0.001),而肠球菌、肠杆菌数量显著高于对照组(t=11.577、8.424,均P0.001)。不同类型肠易激综合征患者I度、Ⅲ度肠道灌洗液菌群失调比例差异具有统计学意义(t=30.548、19.145,均P0.001),而不同类型肠易激综合征患者Ⅱ度肠道灌洗液菌群失调比例差异无统计学意义(t=2.435,P=0.296)。不同严重程度肠易激综合征患者Ⅰ度、Ⅲ度肠道灌洗液菌群失调比例差异有统计学意义(t=8.460、14.872,均P0.001),而不同严重程度肠易激综合征患者Ⅱ度肠道灌洗液菌群失调比例差异无统计学意义(t=0.923,P=0.631)。肠易激综合征患者肠道灌洗液菌群失调与疾病类型、症状严重程度具有显著相关性(r=0.452、0.586,均P0.001)。结论肠易激综合征患者存在肠道灌洗液菌群失调情况,不同疾病类型及症状严重程度的患者肠道灌洗液菌群失调情况存在明显差异,临床可根据其肠道灌洗液菌群变化情况给予针对性治疗。     

A Survey of Companion-Animal Owners Affected by the East Japan Great Earthquake in Iwate and Fukushima Prefectures,Japan

ABSTRACT

The unprecedented East Japan Great Earthquake in March 2011 impacted many humans as well as animals. To date, only national surveys that do not necessarily focus on the heavily impacted areas have been administered, and there is a lack of data on the situation for companion animals and their owners in these areas. This survey was administered between June and November 2012 to pet owners in Iwate (n = 140) and Fukushima (n = 149) Prefectures in north-eastern Japan, areas heavily affected by the disaster. It explored the types of disaster preparations for pets engaged in by owners; the situation on evacuation with pets; the use of, and need for, pet-related support after the disaster; and the associations between pet attachment and disaster-related behaviors of pet owners. In total, 41.2% (n = 119) of all respondents were able to evacuate with their pets, and evacuation rates were especially low in Fukushima. With the exception of preparation of pet food and other supplies, less than 50% of respondents engaged in different types of pet-related disaster preparations. Especially in Fukushima, those who evacuated with their pets were better prepared compared with those who could not. The rate of utilization of support was also low, with less than 50% of respondents utilizing each type of support, regardless of pet-evacuation status and area. The need for support was generally higher during the initial phase (immediately after the disaster; 30–40%) compared with the current phase (20–30%). However, in Fukushima the difference between the initial and current phases was not significant for both those who evacuated with their pets and those who could not. Bivariate analyses indicated mixed results for the association between disaster-related behaviors and pet attachment. Implications for future disaster-prevention measures are discussed.     

A multiparametric approach to assessing residual pain experienced by dairy cows undergoing digestive tract surgery under multimodal analgesia

This study assessed residual pain responses of dairy cows undergoing fistulation surgery under multimodal analgesia using a multiparametric method combining behavioural and physiological indicators. A longitudinal study was conducted on five dairy cows, each acting as her own control. The surgery consisted of implanting a ruminal and a duodenal cannula in each cow. The multimodal drug protocol consisted of a combination of N-Methyl-D aspartic Acid antagonists, α2-agonists, and local anaesthetic during surgery, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioid treatment postsurgery. Cow responses to surgery were monitored by direct behavioural observation, physiological assay indicators, and milk production from day (D) −6 days before surgery (D-6) to D13 postsurgery. From the data recorded, the variables that contributed most to the discrimination of days pre- and postsurgery were identified using factorial discriminant analysis. Components 1 and 2 of the factorial discriminant analysis explained 68.2% and 17.9%, respectively, of the total variance. Component 1 was mainly explained by haptoglobin (contribution to axis: 0.885), oxidative stress (ratio of oxidized gluthatione to reduced glutathione (GSH/GSSG), −0.746; vitamin E, −0.683; vitamin A, −0.597; malondialdehyde (MDA), 0.416), and behavioural indicators (general attitude, 0.594). On this axis, the higher the score, the higher were the apathy and haptoglobin and MDA concentrations, and the lower were the GSH/GSSG ratio and concentrations of vitamins A and E. This axis opposed cows on D-6 to cows on D3 and D5; cows on D1 and D13 were intermediate. Component 2 was mainly explained by the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), 0.686; cortisol, 0.669), milk yield (−0.725), oxidative stress (MDA, −0.584; nitric oxide (NO), 0.454), and behavioural indicators of pain (ear position, 0.467; leg postures, 0.431). On this axis, the higher the score, the higher the NEFA, cortisol, and nitric oxide concentrations; the more the ear and leg pain postures; and the lower the milk production and MDA concentrations. This axis opposed cows on D13 to cows on D1. These results suggest that cows may experience some pain only on D1, whereas on subsequent days, the inflammatory response and oxidative stress did not seem to be associated with pain. Our results should be considered for different surgeries to improve analgesia immediately after surgery, and to provide antioxidants along with NSAIDs to promote recovery.     

硬膜外分娩镇痛的临床研究

目的 :探讨硬膜外分娩镇痛效果及其对产程、母婴状况的影响。方法 :将 0 1%布比卡因及芬太尼 5 μg/ml混合液硬膜外分娩镇痛的 30 0例产妇作为镇痛组 ,将未用任何镇痛药的 30 0例产妇作为对照组 ,比较两组的产痛程度、产程时间、分娩方式、产后出血量、羊水粪染率、新生儿窒息及缩宫素应用等。结果 :镇痛组 30 0例产妇中显效 90 33% (2 71/30 0 ) ,有效 9 6 7% (2 9/30 0 ) ,总镇痛有效率 10 0 % ;镇痛组的活跃期和第二产程时间短于对照组 ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 1) ;镇痛组自然分娩率明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,剖宫产率则以对照组为高 (P <0 0 5 ) ;两组羊水粪染率、新生儿窒息、Apgar评分、产后出血量及缩宫素应用的比较无显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :硬膜外分娩镇痛是一种理想的、安全有效的分娩镇痛方法。