自发性高血压大鼠间充质干细胞生物学特性变化的研究

目的 :研究自发性高血压大鼠 (SHR)间充质干细胞 (MSC)生物学特性的改变。方法 :取SHR和WKY骨髓和主动脉的贴壁细胞 ,经CD1 0 5免疫磁珠分选 ,测定其生长曲线和倍增时间 ,流式细胞仪检测其免疫表型 ,进行纤维母细胞集落形成单位计数 ,体外诱导成脂肪和成骨 ,以油红O及VonKossa染色证实 ,免疫组化和半定量PCR法测胶原蛋白。结果 :这些细胞呈梭形贴壁生长 ,SHR组细胞倍增时间长于WKY级 ,这些细胞CD1 0 5、CD44、CD2 9,Flk 1均阳性 ,SHR组CFU F低于WKY组 ,SHR组细胞更易成脂肪、成骨、促纤维化。结论 :这些细胞为MSC ,SHR组MSC增殖能力较WKY组弱 ,成脂肪、成骨、促纤维化强于WKY组 ,MSC的异常可能是高血压易患动脉弱样硬化原因之一。     

Salmonella typhimurium enterotoxin epitopes shared among bacteria

Abstract Selection-induced mutations (SIMS) are mutations that occur as specific and direct responses to environmental challenges, and that occur more often when they are selectively advantageous than when they are selectively neutral. This review includes discussions of how the occurrence of SIMS is measured, acquisitive evolution by SIMS, some of the controversies surrounding SIMS and models that have been advanced to explain the specificity of SIMS, and the requirement of a functional recA gene product for SIMS to occur.     

Optical resolution and racemisation of [Fe(acac)3]

Optical resolution of [M(acac)₃] complexes, where acac⁻ is the acetylacetonato ligand, was achieved decades ago for metal ions such as Co³⁺ and Cr³⁺, i.e. for metal ions forming configurationally inert complexes. Complete optical resolution of [Fe(acac)₃] have so-far been unsuccessful due to the high rate of racemisation. By means of spontaneous resolution of its carbon tetrachloride solvate, we have been able to prepare optically pure samples of [Fe(acac)₃]. These samples displayed circular dichroism in the solid state, as well as in diethyl ether solution, and the CD-spectra could be correlated to the correct absolute configuration. Using CD-spectroscopy, the optical half-life was estimated to be 3.3 min in diethyl ether solution at ambient temperature. In the same solvent, no sign of racemisation was observed after 23 h at −80 °C. Racemic [Fe(acac)₃] is a useful catalyst in organic synthesis.     

刺激大鼠伏核和伏核内微量注射纳洛酮对外侧缰核“痛”单位放电的影响

在清醒、肌肉麻痹状态下的大鼠,观察到重复电刺激伏核对外侧缰核痛兴奋单位(LHPE)自发放电和痛诱发放电有明显的抑制作用。腹腔注射纳洛酮(6mg/kg体重)可阻断这种抑制作用。而电刺激伏核对外侧缰核痛抑制单位放电有兴奋作用。双侧伏核内微量注射纳洛酮(1.8ug,4min注完)使 LHPE 放电增加,注射吗啡(15ug,4min注完)可抑制 LHPE 放电。本文就以上结果在针刺镇痛中的意义进行了讨论。     

家兔脊髓背半部下行抑制通路中递质作用的补充观察

用玻璃微电极记录了麻痹而清醒的家兔束旁核单位对腓总神经强电流刺激发生的痛敏放电,看到此放电可被已在 L_1—L_2水平切断的脊髓背半部外周端的电流刺激所抑制。在14个可被脊髓刺激明显抑制的痛敏单位中,此脊髓刺激效应在8个单位可因静脉注射酚妥拉明而阻断,其余6个单位则基本不受酚妥拉明注射的影响。进一步观察表明,在8个酚妥拉明有阻断作用的单位,其中7个单位在注射赛庚啶时不表现阻断作用;而在6个酚妥拉明不起阻断作用的单位,注射纳洛酮也不能阻断其脊髓刺激效应。由于我们在过去的工作中已经证明,凡是酚妥拉明有阻断作用的单位注射纳洛酮也都表现出阻断作用,而酚妥拉明无阻断作用的单位对注射赛庚啶却有阻断作用。因而本组实验结果支持我们已提出的推论,即在家兔脊髓背半部下行抑制通路中至少包含两类纤维,一类以内源性吗啡和去甲肾上腺素为递质或调制物,另一类以5-羟色胺为递质。     

Sources of spontaneous mutagenesis in bacteria

Mutations in an organism’s genome can arise spontaneously, that is, in the absence of exogenous stress and prior to selection. Mutations are often neutral or deleterious to individual fitness but can also provide genetic diversity driving evolution. Mutagenesis in bacteria contributes to the already serious and growing problem of antibiotic resistance. However, the negative impacts of spontaneous mutagenesis on human health are not limited to bacterial antibiotic resistance. Spontaneous mutations also underlie tumorigenesis and evolution of drug resistance. To better understand the causes of genetic change and how they may be manipulated in order to curb antibiotic resistance or the development of cancer, we must acquire a mechanistic understanding of the major sources of mutagenesis. Bacterial systems are particularly well-suited to studying mutagenesis because of their fast growth rate and the panoply of available experimental tools, but efforts to understand mutagenic mechanisms can be complicated by the experimental system employed. Here, we review our current understanding of mutagenic mechanisms in bacteria and describe the methods used to study mutagenesis in bacterial systems.     

Vagococcus teuberi sp. nov., isolated from the Malian artisanal sour milk fènè

Ten bacterial isolates belonging to the genus Vagococcus were obtained from Malian sour milk fènè produced from spontaneously fermented cow milk. However, these isolates could not be assigned to a species upon initial comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and were therefore further characterized. Rep-PCR fingerprinting of the isolates yielded four strain clusters represented by strains CG-21^T (=DSM 21459^T), 24CA, CM21 and 9H. Sequence identity of the 16S rRNA gene of DSM 21459^T to its closest relative species Vagococcus penaei was 97.9%. Among the four rep strain clusters, DSM 21459^T and 24CA shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 99.6% while CM21 and 9H shared 98.6–98.8% with DSM 21459^T and V. penaei CD276^T. DSM 21459^T and 24CA were thus subjected to a polyphasic typing approach. The genome of DSM 21459^T featured a G + C content of 34.1 mol% for a 2.17-bp chromosome and a 15-kbp plasmid. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) of DSM 21459^T to Vagococcus fluvialis bH819, V. penaei CD276^T were 72.88%, 72.63%, respectively. DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) similarities of strain DSM 21459^T to other Vagococcus species were <42.0%. ANI and DDH findings strongly supported the 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic tree delineations. The fatty acid patterns of DSM 21459^T was palmitic acid (C _16:0, 24.5%), oleic acid (C _18:1-ω9c, 32.8%), stearic acid (C _18:0, 18.9%). General physiological characterization of DSM 21459^T and 24CA were consistent with those of the genus Vagococcus. Strain DSM 21459^T and further strains are therefore considered to belong to a novel species, for which the nomenclature Vagococcus teuberi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is named CG-21^T (=DSM 21459^T and LMG 24695^T).     

Deployment of a threshold activated pump sampler in an industrial shock load impact study

Shock loading of toxic substances into natural waterways is apervasive practice which has substantial impacts on their biota.This paper describes the effects of shock (pulse) pollution loadingfrom two major industries on a river and wetland system in southernOntario, Canada. The assessment of shock loading frequencyindicated that sporadic discharges of polluted water occurred onaverage once every other day during the 38 days of monitoring inthe period April, 1986 to November, 1987.To estimate the frequency and intensity of the shock loads, anautomatic pump sampler that was activated by a thresholdconductivity was constructed and deployed. Samples were withdrawnfrom the river when the specific conductivity of the streamexceeded a threshold value of two times background. Backgroundspecific conductivity ranged between 200–250 S cm^-1The impact of these shock load discharges on a downstream aquaticplant community in a Class One (Provincially Significant) wetlandwas examined. The area of Thompsons Creek upstream of the CyanamidChemical Company displayed a normal complement of aquatic organismswhile downstream of the companys main discharges for a distance ofnearly 2 km, the stream was barren of nearly all aquatic life.A reef-like structure in which nickel, chromium, and lead reachedrespectively 2900, 2100 and 2210 mg kg^-1 dry weight ofsediment was located in the Welland River near the outfall of theAtlas-Mansfield storm sewer adjacent to the Atlas Specialty SteelsCompany. The average flow rate at the outfall of theAtlas-Mansfield storm sewer into the Welland River wasapproximately 28400 m³ day-¹ in 1986 (MOE 1987). Asmall area referred to as the Atlas reef because of the high ironconcentrations giving the sediments a cement-like condition, wasdevoid of all higher aquatic plants.     

Orexin-A对高脂饮食诱导肥胖大鼠摄食和体重的影响

目的:探讨Orexin-A对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖大鼠摄食和体重的影响。方法:通过检测SD大鼠24 h动态SPA的分布情况来定义HA大鼠和LA大鼠,创建饮食诱导肥胖(DIO)大鼠模型,向HA和LA大鼠延髓外侧下丘脑(rLH)和黑质多巴胺致密部(SN))微量注射orexin-A,观察orexin-A对能量消耗、自发动态运动(SPA)的作用,以及动态SPA对饮食诱导肥胖(DIO)的抵抗作用。结果:雄性SD大鼠在标准饮食情况下,24 h动态SPA呈正偏态分布,非固定SPA(ambulatory SPA)与瘦体重(lean mass,LM)(P0.05)以及总体重(P0.05)显著相关。HA和LA大鼠(high and low activity rats)间的固有SPA(intrinsic SPA)差异有显著统计学意义(P0.05)。与LA大鼠相比,HA大鼠延髓外侧下丘脑(rLH)和黑质多巴胺致密部(SN)的orexin-A反应性更高。在r LH和SN注射orexin-A能显著增加动态SPA(r LH:P0.05;SN:P0.05)。在HA和LA大鼠的r LH注射orexin-A,每种剂量与注射相同剂量的a CSF的大鼠相比效果有显著差异。而对于SN注射OXA,只有注射高剂量OXA的HA大鼠,与对照组相比,才出现著差异。在r LH注射OXA后,对HA/LA大鼠动态SPA均有显著影响(P0.05)。HA大鼠比LA大鼠能量消耗更高。不同的饮食对于HA和LA大鼠转化为SPA有不同的影响,HA大鼠对DIO敏感性低于LA大鼠。与LA大鼠相比,在LF(Low Fat)饮食条件下,转化为脂肪量的热量更少。结论:Orexin-A可通过增加大鼠活动量,使高脂饮食诱导的肥胖大鼠体重减轻。