Hepatic respiratory compensation and haematological changes in the cave cyprinid, Phreatichthys andruzzii

In several ectotherms, including all members of the Osteichthyes studied so far, the spleen is capable of storing and releasing erythrocytes according to the animal's respiratory needs. The tropical cave cyprinid Phreatichthys andruzzii uses its liver rather than the spleen as the site of accumulation in the respiratory compensation process, like the amphibian Rana esculenta. The reversible process of erythrocyte accumulation in the liver is very evident in animals anaesthetized with chlorobutanol; MS-222, an anaesthetic widely used in lower vertebrates alters all the haematological parameters and is not suitable for studies on blood and respiration. The hepatic respiratory compensation mechanism is as efficient as the splenic one: in animals kept at 18 °C for 24 h the mean liver weight percentage was 70% higher than in specimens kept at 28 °C (2.43% of the body weight compared to 1.39%, in groups of six specimens) while mean red blood cell counts fell from 2.49 to 1.60 · 10¹² per l, in agreement with the haematocrit value and haemoglobin concentration; mean corpuscular volume remained constant (at about 177 fl). Accepted: 15 April 1997     

Detection of dermorphin-like immunoreactivity in immune tissues

Summary Site-directed antibodies against synthetic related dermorphin peptides have previously been produced and characterized. One of them, specifically recognizing the crucial ‘opioid message’ (the N-terminal part of the molecule Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Gly), was used in the present study in order to detect and localize endogenous dermorphin-like molecules in immune tissues. Dermorphin-like peptides were found to be present in spleen and thymus of rat and mouse. The HPLC profile of the immunoreactive material showed a major peak at a retention time of 32±1 min. Purification of immune cells by panning procedures showed that both B and T cells contained this immunoreactive material. Biochemical characterization of the dermorphin-like immunoreactivity indicated that this material is a peptide resistant to aminopeptidase hydrolysis, suggesting the presence of a putative D-amino acid residue or a residue conferring resistance to a proteolytic process.     

Antioxidant effects of captopril against lead acetate-induced hepatic and splenic tissue toxicity in Swiss albino mice

Considering that lead caused a lot of health problems in the world, the present study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of captopril as antioxidants to reduce liver and spleen toxicity induced by lead. Animals were divided into 3 groups, the 1st group served as control group, the 2nd group received 20 mg/kg of lead acetate and the 3rd group received 50 mg/kg of captopril one hour prior to lead administration for 5 days. Results showed that lead intake caused severe alterations in the liver and spleen manifested by hepatocytes degeneration, leukocytic infiltration, fibrosis in liver and moderate to severe liver pathological score. Spleen showed ill-defined architecture, presence of large macrophages and lymphoid necrosis. Administration of captopril reduced hepatotoxicity, liver fibrosis and decrease in pathological scoring system. Moreover, reduced toxicity in spleen is represented by reduction in necrotic areas, more or less healthy lymphoid follicles and decreasing in pathological scoring system.     

肾综合征出血热乳鼠脑纯化疫苗(I型)糖蛋白及核蛋白在免疫保护中的作用

为了阐明肾综合征出血热纯化疫苗（Ｉ型）中糖蛋白（ＧＰ）、核蛋白（ＮＰ）在免疫保护中的作用,采用脾细胞转输法,分别将ＧＰ、ＮＰ、ＧＰ＋ ＮＰ免疫小鼠后的脾细胞与未经免疫的小鼠正常脾细胞（３．５×１０５ 个）经腹腔转输给乳鼠,２ ｈ 后以１００ ＬＤ５０的汉滩（ＨＴＮ）病毒（ＬＲ１ 株）进行脑腔攻击。结果表明,其乳鼠的保护率分别达７７．０％ ,３８．５％ 和９２．３％ ,而未经免疫的小鼠正常脾细胞则不能提供保护（０％ ）,揭示了ＧＰ＋ ＮＰ在抗ＨＴＮ 病毒感染中具有免疫协同作用。     

肉苁蓉多糖的促淋巴细胞增殖作用

目的研究肉苁蓉多糖（CDPS）对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖的影响。方法MTT法检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖。环磷酰胺（Cy）复制免疫功能低下的动物模型,分别测定正常及免疫低下动物脾脏、胸腺指数。胸腺细胞增殖法测定白细胞介素-2（IL-2）活性。结果CDPS对丝裂原（ConA及LPS）活化淋巴细胞及未活化正常细胞均有明显促增殖作用,并促进淋巴细胞IL-2的分泌。腹腔给药显示CDPS具明显提高正常及免疫低下小鼠的脾指数,对因Cy所致胸腺指数的降低也有显著的对抗作用。结论CDPS可显著促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖,该作用可能与其促IL-2分泌有关。     

脾虚证IBS模型WHBE兔血浆环核苷酸水平的变化

目的观察脾虚型肠易激综合征（IBS）模型WHBE兔环核苷酸水平的变化。方法取WHBE兔和日本大耳白兔各18只,分别随机分成两组,即正常对照组6只,模型对照组12只,采用湿热应激加灌服番泻叶煎剂的方法造成脾虚证肠易激综合征（tBs）免模型,其中模型对照组造模后处理6只,剩余兔自然恢复10d,观察实验兔的血浆环核苷酸水平的变化。结果与正常对照组比较,WHBE兔模型对照组血浆cAMP和cGMP水平均显著升高（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,且自然恢复10d后血浆cAMP和cGMP水平仍高于正常对照组（P〈O．05,P〈O．01）;日本大耳白兔模型对照组造模后及自然恢复10d后血浆cAMP和cGMP水平略有所升高,但差异均不显著（P〉O．05）;且模型对照组和自然恢复组cAMP／cGMP比值均略低于正常对照组,但差异不显著（P〉O．05）。结论本实验脾虚证IBS模型兔的血浆环核苷酸水平随阴阳盛衰而变化,具有双重特点：既有阴虚特点,又有阳虚特点,且WHBE兔更适合于脾虚证IBS模型研究理想的实验动物。     

Influence of in vitro and in vivo insulin treatment on the hormone (histamine, serotonin, endorphin and triiodothyronine) content of thymus and spleen cells

Thymic and spleen cells were treated in vitro or in vivo with insulin. The in vitro treatments were done with 10(-6), 10(-9), 10(-12) and 10(-15) M concentrations for 30 min and after that histamine, serotonin, endorphin and triiodothyronine (T3) content of the cells were detected by using antibodies to the hormones and flow cytometry as well as confocal microscopy. For in vivo treatment 1 IU/kg insulin was given for adult rats and 1 h after that the target hormone contents were determined by the same manner. Histamine and T3 content radically decreased in the thymus after in vitro treatment independent on the insulin concentrations administered. In vivo treatment halved histamine and T3 content. Serotonin content also decreased after in vitro treatment with the two higher concentrations, however the in vivo treatment did not cause a change. Histamine content was elevated after in vitro treatment in the spleen, independent on the insulin concentration. Endorphin level was not influenced at all. The experiments demonstrate that insulin is a factor which regulates the content (production, storage, secretion?) of some immunologically important molecules of the immune cells. Since each hormone molecule studied has important immunomodulatory role, the experiment points to the indirect immunomodulatory role of insulin.     

Fusen herbal tea influenced of spleen deficiency rats model

Influence of spleen deficiency rat model to observe the Fusen herbal tea.MethodsRats were gavaged 15% rhubarb powder suspension (5 mL) of 17 days, twice a day. It caused by the spleen deficiency rats model, rats model are respectively at the same time drinking large doses of Fusen herbal tea, a small dose of Fusen herbal tea, a high dose of Wang Laoji herbal tea, a small dose of Wang Laoji herbal tea. When modeling will replace the corresponding tea rat normal blank group were given normal drinking water instead of daily water, and Baohewan group given a pill solution. In the 17 days, Rats were killed and observe the changes of rats.ResultsRat model were successded in spleen deficiency. The pathological changes of the organs in the model group, the pathological changes of the organs in the model group, but every dose of Fusen herbal tea has no obvious effect on rats.ConclusionFusen herbal tea has no obvious effect on rats.     

免疫器官辐射损伤与防护的研究进展

随着社会的发展,核医学技术、放射医学技术的持续发展及广泛应用,当今世界核武器、核电站泄漏等事故偶有发生,以及人类现代生活和工作中广泛应用各种高科技电子产品,各类肿瘤病人接受放疗,人类生活圈四周充满的是多种放射线。电离辐射不仅对人类生命和财产造成损害,而且也对生理和心理造成严重创伤。因此对辐射的防治极为重要,加强对辐射的损伤机制及防护研究具有十分重要的现实意义。辐射导致的免疫损伤及其引发的免疫功能障碍,是核辐射、放射治疗和放射性核事故患者最常见的并发症,死亡率极高,至今仍是临床上亟待解决的难题。本文探讨了辐射免疫损伤效应和机理研究方面需要解决的问题,以及提出了进一步研究辐射免疫损伤防护措施的切入点。     

口服结核Ag85A-CD226 DNA疫苗在小鼠脾与肠道的表达水平检测

目的了解结核Ag85A-CD226 DNA疫苗经灌胃方式接种小鼠后在脾淋巴细胞与肠道的表达情况。方法将构建的pcDNA3.1-Ag85A-CD226、pcDNA3.1-Ag85A和pcDNA3.1-CD226真核表达质粒转化DH5α感受态大肠杆菌,扩增并提取纯化质粒,用脂质体包裹制成DNA疫苗。经灌胃方式将制备的DNA疫苗接种C57BL/6小鼠,设置Ag85A-CD226疫苗组、Ag85A疫苗组、CD226疫苗组、pcDNA3.1质粒组和生理盐水对照组。采用间接免疫荧光法检测Ag85A和CD226在肠道的表达。采用流式细胞术检测脾CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞和NK细胞的CD226表达。结果 CD226在Ag85A-CD226疫苗组脾脏CD4+T细胞和NK细胞的表达均明显强于Ag85A疫苗组、CD226疫苗组、pcDNA3.1质粒组和生理盐水对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);CD226在Ag85A-CD226疫苗组脾脏CD8+T细胞的表达明显强于Ag85A疫苗组、pcDNA3.1质粒组和生理盐水对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01),与CD226疫苗组相比虽有所增加,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。CD226在Ag85A-CD226疫苗组小肠派氏淋巴结表达明显强于Ag85A疫苗组、CD226疫苗组、pcDNA3.1质粒组和生理盐水对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。Ag85A只在Ag85A-CD226疫苗组和CD226疫苗组小肠固有层表达,且在Ag85A-CD226疫苗组的表达明显强于CD226疫苗组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 Ag85A-CD226 DNA疫苗接种后,CD226在脾淋巴细胞和肠道表达增强,Ag85A在肠道表达增强,CD226的表达增加会增强Ag85A在肠道的表达水平。