有基因转录活性的血管紧张素Ⅱ1B受体的组织分布

我们首次利用基因同源重组技术,用包含编码β半乳糖苷酶（ＬａｃＺ基因）基因的ＡＴ１Ｂ同源ＤＮＡ片段,置换ＡＴ１Ｂ受体基因的外显子序列,通过显色示踪基因ＬａｃＺ产生的β半乳糖苷酶,观察了有基因转录活性的ＡＴ１Ｂ受体的组织分布。结果显示ＡＴ１Ｂ受体主要分布在睾丸、肾上腺皮质的球状带和蛛网膜下腔血管及侧脑室脉络膜血管上,在垂体前叶组织中也有少量的存在。为进一步研究ＡＴ１Ｂ受体的生理和生化功能确定了组织学分布范围     

Comparison of dietary and waterborne exposure to benzo a pyrene: bioavailability,tissue disposition and CYP1A1 induction in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Absorption and tissue distribution of benzo\[ a ]pyrene (BaP)-derived radioactivity were studied in juvenile rainbow trout following dietary or waterborne exposure. In order to compare the bioavailability of BaP, the fish were exposed to 1.5 mCi 3H-BaP kg-1 fish, either in the diet or in the water as a 2 days static exposure. Furthermore, tissue levels of BaP-derived radioactivity bound to macromolecules in different tissues were studied in non-induced fish, and in fish induced by additional treatment with unlabelled BaP (corresponding to 5 mg kg-1 fish) in the water. Absorption and tissue distribution of 3H BaP were studied by liquid scintillation counting and whole-body autoradiography. BaPderived radioactivity bound to macromolecules in different tissues was studied by autoradiography of solvent-extracted whole-body sections. The hepatic CYP1A induction was measured as EROD activity. Exposure to unlabelled BaP resulted in a marked induction of hepatic EROD activity in rainbow trout 2 days after the start of the exposure. Significant higher concentrations of radiolabelled compound were observed in waterborne-exposed fish, in contrast to dietary-exposed fish. High concentrations of radiolabelling were observed in the gills, liver, bile, intestines, olfactory organ, kidney and the skin of the waterborne-exposed fish. In the dietary-exposed fish, high levels of radioactivity were observed in the intestines and the bile, whereas lower concentrations were present in the liver. Only traces of radioactive compound were observed in the gills. In contrast to waterborne-exposed fish, no radioactivity was detected in the olfactory organ or skin. In autoradiograms of sections extracted with a series of polar and non-polar solvents, a large fraction of radioactivity was still present in the gills, olfactory organ, liver, kidney, skin and intestinal mucosa of the waterborne-exposed fish, indicating that reactive BaP intermediates formed by CYP1A-mediated metabolism were bound to macromolecules in these tissues.     

浙江天台山甜槠群落研究

以分布在浙江省天台山的甜储群落为对象,分析了群落的特征和性质。甜储群落中,甜储的优势突出,呈单优势群落。群落垂直结构复杂,可分为乔木层、灌木层、草本层,亦有一定数量的层间植物。乔木层的物种多样性指数偏低,这与特定生境所形成的单优势群落有关。各样地间的植物种类具有较高的相似性,群落内种类组成相对一致。群落内优势种群甜储、木荷的年龄结构属稳定型或增长型,它们在各样地的分布格局均呈集群分布。     

山茶属山茶组植物的分类,分化和分布

山茶组Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｃａｍｅｌｉａ植物迄今已合格发表的名称有７２种,１亚种和７变种,其中Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｐａｒａｃａｍｅｌｉａ中的威宁短柱茶Ｃ．ｗｅｉｎｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ和Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｃｏｒａｌｉｎａ中的连山离蕊茶Ｃ．ｌｉｅｎｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ应归属本组。经研究订正,确认该组共１２种和６变种,其余名称均作为相应种、变种和变型的同物异名,文中讨论了物种的形态变异与分化,分布与替代,自然杂交等问题。     

烟蚜在烟株上的垂直分布及其分布型

在烤烟Ｋ－３２６团棵期烟株上,Ⅰ－Ⅲ龄若蚜,Ⅳ龄若蚜＋无翅成蚜在各叶位间的分布量具有显著差异,且这种差异与烟株上国蚜Ｍｙｚｕｓｎｉｃｏｔｉａｎａｅ（Ｂｌａｃｋｍａｎ）的密度有关。     

The responses of Briza media and Koeleria macrantha to drought and re-watering

1. To test whether differences in response to drought can help to explain the differing distributions of Briza media and Koeleria macrantha , changes in their leaf growth and water relations during soil drying were measured. After droughting, plants were re-watered and recovery recorded.
2. Leaf growth of the two species showed a similar sensitivity to drought with respect to duration of soil drying and soil moisture content.
3. In both species tiller base relative water content (RWC) was maintained at similar levels to controls until soil moisture content had fallen to less than 9%. This may aid survival in habitats subject to periodic droughting by preventing damage to the meristems.
4. Briza media did not respond to re-watering. However, plants of K. macrantha re-grew after periods of over 20 days of drought, when tiller base RWCs had fallen as low as 13%. This ability to resurrect may explain the occurrence of K. macrantha in xeric calcicolous grasslands subject to episodes of severe droughting, from which B. media is absent.     

中国棕榈藤资源及其分布特征研究

棕榈藤是一种重要的非木材林产品,在全球生物多样性保护和经济发展方面起着重要的作用。通过查阅相关文献、野外调查和标本鉴定,对中国棕榈藤植物的种类组成、地理分布类型及特点进行了研究。结果表明:(1)中国分布有较丰富的棕榈藤植物资源,共计3属40种(含变种),在云南、海南、广西等12个省区均有分布,其生长习性以攀援型为主。(2)中国棕榈藤植物表现出明显的水平和垂直地带性分布规律;水平地域性分布明显,形成了西南(云南西双版纳)和东南(海南省)两大分布中心,而其他区域分布的种类相对较少;海拔1000m以下地区分布的种类较多,有一定数量的广布种。(3)中国棕榈藤植物可划分为10个分布区类型,其中,以热带亚洲(印度-马来西亚)分布型的种类为主,特有种也占有一定比例;种类的分布与中南半岛、南亚棕榈藤植物区系有密切的联系。     

Refining membrane penetration by a combination of steady-state and time-resolved depth-dependent fluorescence quenching

Accurate determination of the depth of membrane penetration of a fluorescent probe, attached to a lipid, protein, or other macromolecule of interest, using depth-dependent quenching methodology is complicated by thermal motion in the lipid bilayer. Here, we suggest that a combination of steady-state and time-resolved measurements can be used to generate a static quenching profile that reduces the contribution from transverse diffusion occurring during the excited-state lifetime. This procedure results in narrower quenching profiles, compared with those obtained by traditional measurements, and thus improves precision in determination of the underlying depth distribution of the probe.     

微囊藻毒素在滇池鱼体内的积累水平及分布特征

为了解富营养化水体中鱼体内微囊藻毒素(MC)的积累水平及其分布特征,2003年4月和9月份两次在滇池试验区采集了鲢、鳙和草鱼等鱼种,用ELISA方法对鱼体中肝、肾、空肠、胆、肌肉等不同组织中MC的含量进行了检测。结果表明,MC在所有样品中均能检测到,且主要分布在鱼体的肝肾脏和消化道等器官,而肌肉和非消化道器官中毒素含量相对较低。不同鱼种不同组织对MC的富集程度也明显不同,鲢鳙中肝脏和肾脏这两个主要的靶器官对MC的蓄积能力就远高于草鱼。同时,不同季节MC在鱼体内的积累水平也明显不同,4月份鱼样中MC的含量普遍低于9月份鱼样中MC的含量。最后按照WHO生活饮用水安全标准的建议进行推算,所有鱼肉中的MC均没有超过其推荐的人体每日可允许摄入量(≤0.04μg/kg人体重),初步推断鱼肉中MC暂时还未危及到人体健康,但仍具有潜在的风险性。     

Ultimate mechanisms of age-biased flea parasitism

Mechanisms that cause nonrandom patterns of parasite distribution among host individuals may influence the population and evolutionary dynamics of both parasites and hosts, but are still poorly understood. We studied whether survival, reproduction, and behavioral responses of fleas (Xenopsylla conformis) changed with the age of their rodent hosts (Meriones crassus), experimentally disentangling two possible mechanisms: (a) differential survival and/or fitness reward of parasites due to host age, and (b) active parasite choice of a host of a particular age. To explore the first mechanism, we raised fleas on rodents of two age groups and assessed flea survival as well as the quantity and quality of their offspring. To explore the second mechanism, three groups of fleas that differed in their previous feeding experience (no experience, experience on juvenile or experience on adult rodents) were given an opportunity to choose between juvenile and adult rodents in a Y-maze. Fleas raised on juvenile rodents had higher survival and had more offspring that emerged earlier than fleas raised on adults. However, fleas did not show any innate preference for juvenile rodents, nor were they able to learn to choose them. In contrast to our predictions, based on a single previous exposure, fleas learned to choose adult rodents. The results suggest that two mechanisms—differential survival and fitness reward of fleas, and associative learning by them—affect patterns of flea distribution between juvenile and adult rodents. The former increases whereas the latter reduces flea densities on juvenile rodents. The ability of fleas to learn to choose adult but not juvenile hosts may be due to: (a) a stronger stimulus from adults, (b) a higher profitability of adults in terms of predictability and abundance, or (c) the evolutionary importance of recognizing adult but not juvenile hosts as representatives of the species.