8-OH-DPAT and MK-801 affect epileptic activity independently of vigilance

Vigilance and parallel occurrence of epileptic activity after administration of the 5-HT_1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT and the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 were studied in the genetic absence epilepsy model WAG/Rij rats. Spike-wave discharges (SWD) were present predominantly in passive awake and light slow wave sleep (SWS1) either in control animals or after treatments. Injection of 8-OH-DPAT (20.0 μg/rat i.c.v.) caused marked increase and MK-801 (10.0 μg/rat i.c.v.) decrease in SWD densities, thus the ratios of SWD in passive awake and in SWS1. SWD densities of MK-801 plus 8-OH-DPAT in combination were similar to those of CSF+CSF treated control rats. Both 8-OH-DPAT and MK-801 transiently increased the duration of active awake, increased latency and decreased duration of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. 8-OH-DPAT increased the amount of SWD despite the decrease in the duration of SWS1. MK-801 decreased the amount of SWD despite the lack of significant change in duration of passive awake or SWS1. Pre-treatment with MK-801 reversed 8-OH-DPAT- induced increase in duration of SWD without any effect on 8-OH-DPAT-induced changes in sleep parameters. Our studies provide evidence that 8-OH-DPAT-induced epileptic activity is independent of its effect on sleep, and that interaction of serotonergic and glutamatergic systems plays a role in the generation of SWD, but not in the regulation of vigilance and sleep.     

Sleep and circadian phase characteristics of adolescent and young adult males in a naturalistic summertime condition

Our aim was to compare the circadian phase characteristics of healthy adolescent and young adult males in a naturalistic summertime condition. A total of 19 adolescents (mean age 15.7 years) and 18 young adults (mean age 24.5 years) with no sleep problems took part in this study. Two-night polysomnographic (PSG) sleep recordings and 24h secretion patterns of urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin were monitored in all 37 subjects. Sleep-wake patterns were initially assessed at home using a standard sleep diary. Circadian assessment included the measure of dim light melatonin offset (DLMOff) and the morningness-eveningness (M/E) questionnaire. As expected, compared to young adults, adolescents habitually spent more nocturnal time in bed and spent more time (and percentage) in delta sleep. No difference was found between adolescents and young adults on multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) sleep onset latencies, M/E, melatonin secretion measures (24h total, nighttime, daytime, and night ratio), and DLMOff. For the subjects as a whole, correlational analyses revealed a significant association between the DLMOff and M/E and between both these phase markers and habitual bedtimes, habitual rising times, and melatonin secretion measures (daytime levels and the night ratio). No association was found between phase markers and daytime sleepiness or sleep consolidation parameters such as sleep efficiency or number of microarousals. These results together indicate that adolescents and young adults investigated during summertime showed similar circadian phase characteristics, and that, in these age groups, an evening phase preference is associated with a delayed melatonin secretion pattern and delayed habitual sleep patterns without a decrease in sleep consolidation or vigilance. (Chronobiology International, 17(4), 489-501, 2000)     

慢性睡眠剥夺对颞下颌关节微结构的影响

目的:研究慢性睡眠障碍对大鼠颞下颌关节微结构的影响。方法:采用改良多平台法(MMPM)建立睡眠剥夺模型,将90只Wistar大鼠随机分为3组(n=30),分别为小平台组、网格组和对照组。小平台组和网格组大鼠接受每天18 h的睡眠剥夺和6 h间歇期(10:00—16:00),间歇期大鼠正常笼养。实验第7、14和21天时分别行动物行为学观察、旷场试验和动物血浆检测,并通过HE染色和扫描电镜观察颞下颌关节微结构的变化。结果:与对照组和网格组相比,小平台组大鼠血清促肾上腺激素(ACTH)和皮质醇(CORT)水平均增高(P<0.05),髁突软骨HE染色显示软骨细胞层次及厚度改变;扫描电镜结果显示关节盘表面纤维排列松散。结论:慢性睡眠障碍可能导致颞下颌关节微结构发生病理性改变。     

个性化干预对乳腺癌手术患者负性情绪和睡眠质量的影响

目的：研究个性化护理干预对乳腺癌手术患者负性情绪和睡眠质量的影响。方法：选取2013 年1 月-2015 年1 月我院收治 的乳腺癌手术患者100 例,根据术后干预方式不同,将患者分为研究组和对照组,每组各50 例。对照组患者给予常规护理,研究 组患者给予个性化护理。应用焦虑自评量表（SAS）评价患者的焦虑情况,应用抑郁自评量表（SDS）评价患者的抑郁情况,应用匹 兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）评价患者的睡眠质量,并比较两组患者对护理的满意度。结果：研究组护理满意度显著高于对照组,差 异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组干预前SAS、SDS 和PSQI 评分无统计学差异（P＞0.05）;干预后两组SAS、SDS 和PSQI 评分 均显著降低,且研究组低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：个性化护理干预能显著改善乳腺癌手术患者的负面情 绪,提高患者的睡眠质量。     

不同低氧时间对SD大鼠颏舌肌肌纤维类型的影响

目的:观察不同低氧时间大鼠颏舌肌肌纤维类型的变化。方法:建立低氧模型,血气分析证实模型成功建立。在低氧不同时间点分别取低氧组和正常组雄性SD大鼠颏舌肌进行HE染色,肌球蛋白ATP酶组织化学染色和RT-PCR检测肌纤维类型的变化。结果:血气分析结果证实低氧组氧分压与血氧饱和度较对照组发生明显下降(P0.05)。低氧1周组、2周组、3周组、4周组较正常组氧分压下降至55.04±2.31 mm Hg,52.69±1.51 mm Hg,49.80±1.39 mm Hg,50.11±3.02 mm Hg(P0.05);血氧饱和度下降至77.51±1.81%,70.13±2.90%,74.20±1.95%,74.97±2.36%(P0.05)。HE染色和肌球蛋白ATP酶组织化学染色法显示低氧2、3、4周组Ⅱ型肌纤维所占比例较相应正常组依次升高:45.92±1.8%,57.44±2.1%,56.89±2.6%,在第三周时达到顶峰(P0.05)。RT-PCR结果也同样验证了这一规律。结论:随着低氧活动的进行,颏舌肌肌纤维类型发生有规律的转化,从而影响着肌肉的功能。     

36h睡眠剥夺对事件相关电位N270影响的对照研究

目的:应用事件相关电位技术探讨36 h完全睡眠剥夺对认知功能的影响。方法:9名健康被试参加36h睡眠剥夺试验,被试在36 h睡眠剥夺前后分别接受数字-符号联想测验,同时记录其事件相关电位,分析其在睡眠剥夺前后认知功能的动态变化情况。结果:1被试在睡眠剥夺前后的反应时相比[(748.16±193.27)与(775.79±205.48)ms],显著增加(t=3.86,P0.05),正确率相比[(74.56±0.11)与(67.12±0.07)],没有显著性差异(P0.05)。2被试在睡眠剥夺36 h后,P3、P4、C3和C4四点潜伏期没有显著性变化[P3:(296.44±16.61)与(300.22±16.16)ms,t=1.43,P=0.19;P4:(303.33±38.48)与(308.78±38.65)ms,t=2.35,P=0.05;C3:(309.56±34.09)与(308.44±28.49)ms,t=0.45,P=0.66;C4:(317.33±64.83)与(303.33±39.42)ms,t=1.31,P=0.23],四点波幅降低,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)[P3:(2.74±1.21)与(1.32±0.92)μv,t=2.54,P=0.04;P4:(2.34±1.27)与(0.94±0.49)μv,t=3.44,P=0.01;C3:(2.60±1.49)与(0.94±0.78)μv,t=2.65,P=0.03;C4:(2.60±0.81)与(1.11±1.03)μv,t=2.61,P=0.03]。结论:睡眠剥夺影响人的正常认知活动,损害了大脑对冲突信息的判断,睡眠对维持大脑的正常功能有重要作用。     

Association between delayed bedtime and sleep-related problems among community-dwelling 2-year-old children in Japan

Background

Although delayed sleep timing causes many socio-psycho-biological problems such as sleep loss, excessive daytime sleepiness, obesity, and impaired daytime neurocognitive performance in adults, there are insufficient data showing the clinical significance of a ‘night owl lifestyle’ in early life. This study examined the association between habitual delayed bedtime and sleep-related problems among community-dwelling 2-year-old children in Japan.

Methods

Parents/caregivers of 708 community-dwelling 2-year-old children in Nishitokyo City, Tokyo, participated in the study. The participants answered a questionnaire to evaluate their child’s sleep habits and sleep-related problems for the past 1 month.

Results

Of the 425 children for whom complete data were collected, 90 (21.2%) went to bed at 22:00 or later. Children with delayed bedtime showed significantly more irregular bedtime, delayed wake time, shorter total sleep time, and difficulty in initiating and terminating sleep. Although this relationship indicated the presence of sleep debt in children with delayed bedtime, sleep onset latency did not differ between children with earlier bedtime and those with delayed bedtime. Rather, delayed bedtime was significantly associated with bedtime resistance and problems in the morning even when adjusting for nighttime and daytime sleep time.

Conclusions

Even in 2-year-old children, delayed bedtime was associated with various sleep-related problems. The causal factors may include diminished homeostatic sleep drive due to prolonged daytime nap as well as diurnal preference (morning or night type) regulated by the biological clock.