医院医学教学评价及模式研究

建立健全高素质高水平临床医疗队伍是提高医疗卫生服务水平、改善医疗质量的关键。医院医学教学是医学理论与临床实践的充分结合,是培养高质量医学人才的重要环节。当前医院医学教学正面临着国际化发展趋势的巨大挑战,加快医学教育模式改革进程,从医学认知教育培养理念、教学模式和教学质量标准等方面进行全面改革,进一步接近国际化标准,以培养具备国际竞争能力的高素质、高层次医学人才是当前医院医学教学的重大目标。本文就当前医院医学教育利弊进行了评价,并提出了完善医学教学模式的设想,以期为医院医学教学提供参考。     

以精品课程建设为契机努力提高《神经病学》教学质量

目的:精品课程建设是一个系统工程,是高等学校教学质量和教学改革的重要部分,其关键在于体现现代化教育思想,改革教学模式,形成有特色的教学方法,激发学生自主学习的兴趣,提高教学效果。本文结合精品课程建设,探讨神经病学的教学改革,加强师资队伍建设,建立科学的教学内容体系,改革教学手段和教学方法,加强教材建设,优化教研室的常规管理,努力提高神经病学教学质量。     

浅析基于PBL教学模式下的临床医学教学应用

目的:PBL是"基于问题式学习"的教学法,本文以PBL教学法内涵为理论基础,剖析了在临床医学教学过程中实施PBL教学法的必要性。PBL教学法可以顺应时代发展的要求提高学生的综合能力提升教师的教学水平增进和改善师生关系,并总结归纳出PBL教学法的一般模式和实施过程中常见的主要问题,主观上传统的教育观念根深蒂固,客观上存在师资力量不足、现有教学体系不科学的问题。提出了解决问题的策略:转变教学理念,不断完善教学环境;提高教师队伍素质建设,发挥教师导向作用;逐步建立科学的教育体系。PBL教学法有助于全面培养学习者的学习能力,提高学习者的综合素质,全面推行切合自身实际的PBL教学模式,逐步建立具有中国特色的临床医学教学模式,培养高素质临床医学人才,与现代社会对人才培养的要求基本一致,值得推广和应用。     

Efficient deformation algorithm for plasmid DNA simulations

Background

Plasmid DNA molecules are closed circular molecules that are widely used in life sciences, particularly in gene therapy research. Monte Carlo methods have been used for several years to simulate the conformational behavior of DNA molecules. In each iteration these simulation methods randomly generate a new trial conformation, which is either accepted or rejected according to a criterion based on energy calculations and stochastic rules. These simulation trials are generated using a method based on crankshaft motion that, apart from some slight improvements, has remained the same for many years.

Results

In this paper, we present a new algorithm for the deformation of plasmid DNA molecules for Monte Carlo simulations. The move underlying our algorithm preserves the size and connectivity of straight-line segments of the plasmid DNA skeleton. We also present the results of three experiments comparing our deformation move with the standard and biased crankshaft moves in terms of acceptance ratio of the trials, energy and temperature evolution, and average displacement of the molecule. Our algorithm can also be used as a generic geometric algorithm for the deformation of regular polygons or polylines that preserves the connections and lengths of their segments.

Conclusion

Compared with both crankshaft moves, our move generates simulation trials with higher acceptance ratios and smoother deformations, making it suitable for real-time visualization of plasmid DNA coiling. For that purpose, we have adopted a DNA assembly algorithm that uses nucleotides as building blocks.     

《食用菌栽培技术》课程“理实一体化”教学实践与探索

"理实一体化"教学是将理论教学与实践教学有机的融合为一体的教学模式,从《食用菌栽培技术》"理实一体化"教材与教案的编写,"理实一体化"实践教学完整性的实施保证,"理实一体化"教学场地的创建,前沿性知识教学的充实,促进学生"零距离"上岗的措施等方面,对进一步完善高职《食用菌栽培技术》课程"理实一体化"教学进行了探索。     

植物系统分类学实验教学改革实践

植物学是一门实践性非常强的学科。系统分类部分是植物学实验教学中的重要内容。针对传统植物系统分类学实验教学中的弊端,采取以下6点措施开展教学改革实践：1）将实验教学与理论教学有机结合;2）要求学生参与实验材料准备,调动学生主观能动性;3）开展小组学习,发挥学生主体作用;4）以兴趣促学习,拓展教学内容;5）开设创新性实验,培养实践精神;6）科研与教学相结合,提升学生科研能力。     

本科生物技术综合性超大实验课程的架构与建设

为了培养本科生的分子生物学实验设计与操作技能,在实践教学中实现培养本科创新人才的目标,以用大肠杆菌发酵生产重组细菌碱性磷酸酶为案例,通过碱性磷酸酶基因的克隆、原核表达、发酵生产、提取纯化以及酶活性检测等系列实验,把本科的基因工程、发酵工程和生物化学3门综合性独立实验课程有机地组合成一个内容相关联的超大型综合性生物技术大实验,进一步凸显了生物技术中以基因工程技术为核心的上游核酸操作、中游发酵生产和下游蛋白分离纯化三大技术模块的有机联系,大大地提高了本科实验教学的综合性和研究性,提升了实践教学水平,取得了良好的教学效果。     

高等农业院校动物学课程教学方法改进与体会

在高等农业院校的生科类和动科类等专业,动物学是大学生入学后首次接触到的专业基础课。随着高校扩招、课程小型化和学分制教学改革的逐步推进和实施,新生的专业思想不稳定、师资力量不足、学时数锐减、学习方法待改进等问题较为突出,提出了＂双管齐下、温故知新、层层递进、系统内化＂的十六字教学方法的改进建议。     

The effects of locus number,genetic divergence,and genotyping error on the utility of dominant markers for hybrid identification

In surveys of hybrid zones, dominant genetic markers are often used to identify individuals of hybrid origin and assign these individuals to one of several potential hybrid classes. Quantitative analyses that address the statistical power of dominant markers in such inference are scarce. In this study, dominant genotype data were simulated to evaluate the effects of, first, the number of loci analyzed, second, the magnitude of differentiation between the markers scored in the groups that are hybridizing, and third, the level of genotyping error associated with the data when assigning individuals to various parental and hybrid categories. The overall performance of the assignment methods was relatively modest at the lowest level of divergence examined (F_st ~ 0.4), but improved substantially at higher levels of differentiation (F_st ~ 0.67 or 0.8). The effect of genotyping error was dependent on the level of divergence between parental taxa, with larger divergences tempering the effects of genotyping error. These results highlight the importance of considering the effects of each of the variables when assigning individuals to various parental and hybrid categories, and can help guide decisions regarding the number of loci employed in future hybridization studies to achieve the power and level of resolution desired.     

Determining disease prevalence from incidence and survival using simulation techniques

ObjectivesWe present a new method for determining prevalence estimates together with estimates of their precision, from incidence and survival data using Monte-Carlo simulation techniques. The algorithm also provides for the incidence process to be marked with the values of subject level covariates, facilitating calculation of the distribution of these variables in prevalent cases.MethodsDisease incidence is modelled as a marked stochastic process and simulations are made from this process. For each simulated incident case, the probability of remaining in the prevalent sub-population is calculated from bootstrapped survival curves. This algorithm is used to determine the distribution of prevalence estimates and of the ancillary data associated with the marks of the incidence process. This is then used to determine prevalence estimates and estimates of the precision of these estimates, together with estimates of the distribution of ancillary variables in the prevalent sub-population. This technique is illustrated by determining the prevalence of acute myeloid leukaemia from data held in the Haematological Malignancy Research Network (HMRN). In addition, the precision of these estimates is determined and the age distribution of prevalent cases diagnosed within twenty years of the prevalence index date is calculated.ConclusionDetermining prevalence estimates by using Monte-Carlo simulation techniques provides a means of calculation more flexible that traditional techniques. In addition to automatically providing precision estimates for the prevalence estimates, the distribution of any measured subject level variables can be calculated for the prevalent sub-population. Temporal changes in incidence and in survival offer no difficulties for the method.